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Bacterial communities in paddy soils changed by milk vetch as green manure: A study conducted across six provinces in South China

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 521-530页

作者： Songjuan GAO Weidong CAO Guopeng ZHOU robert m.rees College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) West Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JG(UK)

The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncertain. A study was undertaken across multiple sites and years in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan,Hubei, and Fujian provinces of South China to investigate the effects of green manuring on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in rice-green manure cropping systems. The study included four treatments: winter fallow with no chemical fertilizer as a control(NF), milk vetch as green manure without chemical fertilizer(Gm), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer(CF), and a combination of chemical fertilizer and milk vetch(GmCF).Significant differences were found in the responses of soil microbial communities at different sites, with sampling sites explaining 72.33%(F = 36.59,P = 0.001) of the community composition variation. The bacterial communities in the soils from Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were broadly similar, while those from Hunan were distinctly different from other locations. The analysis of Weighted UniFrac distances showed that milk vetch changed soil microbial communities compared with winter fallow. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in these paddy soils;however, the application of green manures increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. There was evidence showing that the functional microbes which play important roles in the cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen(N), and sulfur(S) changed after several years of milk vetch utilization(linear discriminant analysis score > 2). The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria and S-reducing bacteria increased, and microbes involved in N fixation, nitrification, and denitrification also increased in some provinces. We concluded that the application of milk vetch changed the bacterial community structure and affected the functional groups related to nutrient transformation in soils at

关键词： alpha diversity bacterial composition functional group operational taxonomic unit soil fertility Weighted UniFrac distance

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Co-incorporation of rice straw and leguminous green manure can increase soil available nitrogen(N)and reduce carbon and N losses:An incubation study

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Pedosphere 2020年第5期30卷 661-670页

作者： Guopeng ZHOU Weidong CAO Jinshun BAI Changxu XU Naohua ZENG Songjuan GAO robert m.rees Fugen DOU Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081(China) Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Soil and Fertilizer Institute Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesQinghai UniversityXining 810016(China) Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200(China) Scotland's Rural College(SRUC) Edinburgh EH93JG(UK) Texas A&m AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont Texas 77713(USA)

Returning rice straw and leguminous green manure alone or in combination to soil is effective in improving soil fertility in South *** the popularity of this practice,our understanding o f the underlying processes for straw and manure combined application is relatively *** this study,rice straw(carbon(C)/nitrogen(N)ratio of 63),green manure(hairy vetch,C/N ratio of 14),and their mixtures(C/N ratio of 25 and 35)were added into a paddy soil,and their effects on soil N availability and C or N loss under waterlogged conditions were evaluated in a 100-d incubation *** plant residue treatments significantly enhanced C〇2 and CH4 emissions,but decreased N2O *** organic C(DOC)and N(DON)and microbial biomass C in soil and water-soluble organic C and N and mineral N in the upper aqueous layer above soil were also enhanced by all the plant residue treatments except the rice straw treatment,and soil microbial biomass N and mineral N were lower in the rice straw treatment than in the other *** in plant residue C/N ratio,DOC/DON ratio,and cellulose content significantly affected greenhouse gas emissions and active C and N concentrations in ***,the treatment with green manure alone yielded the largest C and N losses,and incorporation of the plant residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 35 caused the largest net global warming potential(nGWP)among the amended *** conclusion,the co-incorporation of rice straw and green manure can alleviate the limitation resulting from only applying rice straw(N immobilization)or the sole application of leguminous green manure(high C and N losses),and the residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 25 is a better option because of lower nGWP.

关键词： active C and N pools C/N ratio global warming potential greenhouse gas plant residues straw returning

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mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 75-80页

作者： robert m.rees Juliette mAIRE Anna FLORENCE Nicholas COWAN Ute SKIBA Tony van der WEERDEN Xiaotang JU Scotland's Rural College EdinburghScotlandEH93JGUK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstatePenicuikScotlandEH26 OQBUK AgResearch Invermay Agricultural CentreMosgiel 9053New Zealand College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas *** is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging *** this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New *** offer the opportunity for N2 O mitigation without any reduction in *** approaches depend upon new sensor technology,modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.

关键词： decision support systems mitigation nitrous oxide precision farming

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AmmONIA EmISSION mITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUCKINGHAm Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SmITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER Joanna m.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas J.COWAN Julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.mARSDEN Graham A.mCAULIFFE Steven J.mORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAmSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE Jo SmITH Kate SmITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORmAN John WILLIAmS Jeremy WILTSHIRE robert m.rees Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The James Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in march 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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An explainable AI framework for robust and transparent data-driven wind turbine power curve models

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 312-327页

作者： Simon Letzgus Klaus-robert müller machine Learning Group Technische Universitβe BerlinStraβe des 17.Juni 135Berlin10623Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587Germany Department of Artificial Intelligence Korea UniversitySeoul136-713South Korea max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken66123Germany

In recent years,increasingly complex machine learning methods have become state-of-the-art in modelling wind turbine power curves based on operational *** these methods often exhibit superior performance on test sets,they face criticism due to a perceived lack of transparency and concerns about their robustness in dynamic,non-stationary environments encountered by wind *** this work,we address these issues and present a framework that leverages explainable artificial intelligence methods to gain systematic insights into data-driven power curve *** its core,we propose a metric to quantify how well a learned model strategy aligns with the underlying physical principles of the *** novel tool enables model validation beyond the conventional error metrics in an automated *** demonstrate,for instance,its capacity as an indicator for model generalization even when limited data is ***,it facilitates understanding how decisions made during the machine learning development process,such as data selection,pre-processing,or training parameters,affect learned *** a result,we obtain physically more reasonable models,a prerequisite not only for robustness but also for meaningful insights into turbine operation by domain *** latter,we illustrate in the context of wind turbine performance *** summary,the framework aims to guide researchers and practitioners alike toward a more informed selection and utilization of data-driven wind turbine power curve models.

关键词： Explainable AI(XAI) machine learning Wind energy Wind turbine power curve SCADA Condition monitoring

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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and the first law of thermodynamics

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第10期16卷 608-610页

作者： robert m Peters Department of Cardiology Zucker School of MedicineHemsteadNY 11549United States

In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,significant left ventricular diastolic abnormalities are present,despite a normal systolic ejection *** article will consider whether this is consistent with the law o... 详细信息

关键词： Diastolic dysfunction Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Thermodynamics

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Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

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World Journal of mechanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： David W. A. rees Abdelraouf m. Sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint

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The Effects of the Longitudinal Axis of Loading upon Bending, Shear and Torsion of a Thin-Walled Cantilever Channel Beam

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World Journal of mechanics 2024年第5期14卷 73-96页

作者： David W. A. rees Abdelraouf m. Sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Three aluminium channel sections of US standard extruded dimension are mounted as cantilevers with x-axis symmetry. The flexural bending and shear that arise with applied axial torsion are each considered theoretically and numerically in terms of two longitudinal axes of loading not coincident with the shear centre. In particular, the warping displacements, stiffness and stress distributions are calculated for torsion applied to longitudinal axes passing through the section’s centroid and its web centre. The stress conversions derived from each action are superimposed to reveal a net sectional stress distribution. Therein, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is established compared to previous results for each beam when loading is referred to a flexural axis through the shear centre. Within the net stress analysis is, it is shown how the constraint to free warping presented by the end fixing modifies the axial stress. The latter can be identified with the action of a ‘bimoment’ upon each thin-walled section.

关键词： Thin-Aluminium Channels Cantilever Beam Bending Shear Torsion Warping Bimoment Flexural Axis Centre of Twist Centroid Shear Centre Torsional Stiffness Constrained Stress

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A detailed rock density model of the Hong Kong territories

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 75-81页

作者： Albertini Nsiah Ababio robert Tenzer Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We used the geological map and published rock density measurements to compile the digital rock density model for the Hong Kong *** then estimated the average density for the whole *** to our result,the rock density values in Hong Kong vary from 2101 to 2681 kg·m^(-3).These density values are typically smaller than the average density of 2670 kg·m^(-3),often adopted to represent the average density of the upper continental crust in physical geodesy and gravimetric geophysics *** finding reflects that the geological configuration in Hong Kong is mainly formed by light volcanic formations and lava flows with overlying sedimentary deposits at many locations,while the percentage of heavier metamorphic rocks is very low(less than 1%).This product will improve the accuracy of a detailed geoid model and orthometric heights.

关键词： Density model Rock types Gravimetric modeling Hong Kong

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Epidemiology of insertional and midportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra L.A.Cloosterman Sita m.A.Bierma-Zeinstra marienke van middelkoop robert-Jan de Vos Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports medicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of Sports medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT)is a common problem among *** is only limited evidence for risk factors for AT,and most studies have not defined the AT *** study has compared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and midportion AT,though they are considered *** study aimed to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from a large prospective *** secondary aim was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional and midportion ***:Participants were recruited from among registered runners at registration for running *** were completed at baseline,1 month before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 month after the *** concerning demographics,training load,registered events,and running-related injuries were collected at *** follow-up questionnaires collected information about new injuries.A pain map was used to diagnose midportion and insertional *** primary outcome was the incidence of *** logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for the ***:We included 3379 participants with a mean follow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional AT was 27.7%and of midportion AT was 63.8%;the remaining proportion was a combined type of insertional and midportion *** had a significantly higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than women(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 months was the most predominant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was similar for both subcategories of AT(insertional:OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;midportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km were less likely to develop a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or midportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achilles tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-related injury

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