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Stability of Two Conservative,High-Order Fluid-Fluid Coupling methods

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Advances in Applied mathematics and mechanics 2019年第6期11卷 1287-1338页

作者： Jeffrey m.Connors robert D.Dolan University of Connecticut Department of MathematicsStorrsCT 06269USA

This paper investigates two methods of coupling fluids across an interface,motivated by air-sea interaction in application *** method is for sequential configurations,where the air code module in invoked over some time interval prior to the sea *** other method is for concurrent setups,in which the air and sea modules run in *** focus is the temporal representation of air-sea *** methods we study conserve moments of the fluxes,with an arbitrary order of accuracy possible in *** step sizes are allowed for the two fluid *** a posteriori stability indicator is defined,which can be computed efficiently on-the-fly over each coupling *** a model of two coupled fluids with natural heat convection,using finite elements in space,we prove the sufficiency of our stability *** certain conditions,we also prove that stability can be enforced by iteration when the coupling interval is small *** particular,for solutions in a certain class,we show that the step size scaling is no worse than O(h)in three dimensions of space,where Oh is a mesh *** is a sharper result than what has been shown previously for related algorithms with finite element *** examples illustrate the behavior of the algorithms under a wide variety of configurations.

关键词： Air-sea atmosphere-ocean fluid-fluid partitioned time stepping conservative coupling

Expression levels of aminopeptidase-N genes in the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 505-512页

作者： robert m. Simpson Joanne Poulton Ngaire P. markwick Horticulture and Food Research Institute Palmerston North Horticulture and Food Research Institute Auckland New Zealand

Five aminopeptidase-N genes （EpAPN1-5） of the tortricid moth Epiphyas postvittana have been isolated from a midgut expressed sequence tag （EST） library. Relative RNA expression of these genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using actin as a reference gene. measurements were made on various tissues of fifth instar larvae, over all stages of the life cycle and under differing dietary conditions： different protein sources and levels, and in presence of trypsin and metalloprotease inhibitors. Gene expression for all five genes was the greatest in midgut tissue, but was also detected in the hindgut, fat body and malpighian tubules. EpAPN4 was consistently the highest expressed, with EpAPN3 at about half that level; EpAPN5 was the least expressed. During larval stages expression was high, generally increasing over the instars, after an early peak as neonates or first instars. Expression in other life stages was much lower. males and females showed differing expression in the pupal and adult stages： female expression was higher in the pupa, this reversed in the adult. Gene expression levels and ratios both changed with diet. A natural apple leaf diet depressed levels. Diets with the most impaired amino acid balance induced the greatest change; generally EpAPN1 increased by the greatest proportion. The addition of proteinase inhibitor also increased gene expression, and it was noteworthy that the trypsin inhibitor addition, which has been shown to double aminopeptidase activity, also doubled levels of gene expression.

关键词： aminopeptidase Epiphyas postvittana Q-PCR

Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1767-1774页

作者： Noela Prasad Gail m Ormsby robert P Finger Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 3011Australia VACCHO CollingwoodVIC 3066Australia Professional Studies Faculty of BusinessEducationLaw and ArtsUniversity of Southern QueenslandWest StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Lifestyle Research Centre Avondale College of Higher EducationCooranbongNSW 2265Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of BonnRegina-Pacis-Weg 3Bonn 53113Germany

AIm: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice(EH-KAP) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care ***: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAP dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool. Face validity was assessed by the KAP survey team. Internal validity(congruency/criterion) was assessed by comparing descriptive analysis of two datasets(n=531;n=38) collected from the same sampling frame at different time points. Weighted scores were calculated for each construct. Kappa values for test-retest and inter-observer agreement were calculated to check the reliability of responses. The modified version was assessed by analysing the raw and ungrouped data. Responses were weighted and agreement was tested by comparing construct ***: Totally 38 respondents were included in this validation process(mean age 58.5 y). mean scores for knowledge were 9.15(old questionnaire n=531) and 5.05(modified version). For attitude, the scores were 2.23 and 2.42, and for practice the scores were 3.33 and 2.21. Testretest agreement was between 62% to 93%(Kappa 0.24 to 0.86) for the ungrouped raw data, and 55% to 72%(Kappa 0.42 to 0.65) for KAP domain. Inter-observer Kappa value for ungrouped data was 0.37 and 0.45 for the weighted ***: This standardized tool applied at critical time points can assess trends in KAP within the same population and for comparison across groups. If used alongside a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness(RAAB), this tool provides a comprehensive perspective on eye-health of a population.

关键词： validation knowledge attitude practice eye health knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire

Tightening up the structure, lighting up the pathway:application of molecular constraints and light to manipulate protein folding, self-assembly and function

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第12期57卷 1615-1624页

作者： mARKIEWICZ Beatrice N. CULIK robert m. GAI Feng Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania

Chemical cross-linking provides an effective avenue to reduce the conformational entropy of polypeptide chains and hence has become a popular method to induce or force structural formation in peptides and ***,other types of molecular constraints,especially photoresponsive linkers and functional groups,have also found increased use in a wide variety of ***,we provide a concise review of using various forms of molecular strategies to constrain proteins,thereby stabilizing their native states,gaining insight into their folding mechanisms,and/or providing a handle to trigger a conformational process of interest with *** applications discussed here cover a wide range of topics,ranging from delineating the details of the protein folding energy landscape to controlling protein assembly and function.

关键词： protein folding aggregation self-assembly cross-linker phototrigger light-activation

Can modern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： robert E.Criss Anne m.Hofmeister Dept.Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific methods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

Efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae in controlling the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean in screenhouse and field experiments

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 121-128页

作者： David mugisho Bugeme markus knapp Sunday Ekesi Adenirin Chabi-Olaye Hamadi Iddi Boga Nguya Kalemba maniania International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Department of Botany Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture andTechnology (JKUA T) NairobL Kenya

The efficacy of aqueous and emulsifiable formulations of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae isolate ICIPE78 was evaluated on the population density of Tetranychus urticae infesting common bean plants under screenhouse and field conditions. Synthetic acaricide abamectin was included as a check. Bean plants were artificially infested with T. urticae and allowed to multiply. Three treatments were applied in the screenhouse and 1 treatment in field trials. mite density was recorded 2 d before spraying and weekly postspraying. The number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and the dry weight of seeds per plant were recorded only in the screenhouse trials. In both screenhouse and field trials, fungal formulations applied at the concentration of 108 conidia/mL and the aearicide reduced the population density of mites as compared to the controls. There were signif- icant differences in T. urticae population densities between the treatments at the various post-spraying sampling dates. In the screenhouse, the mite densities were near zero from 3-week postspraying in the treated leaves. At 4-week postspraying, there were no more leaves in the untreated control （T1） and in the control water ＋ Silwet-L77 （T2）. Fungal formulations were as effective as abamectin in reducing mite densities in both screenhouse and field experiments. There were significant differences in the production parameters during the 2 screenhouse trials, with fungal and abamectin treatments generally having the highest yield. Results of this study underline the potential of the m. anisopliae isolate ICIPE78 as an alternative to acaricides for T. urticae management.

关键词： acaricide common beans entomopathogenic fungus formulations microbial control two-spotted mite

Randomized control trial of a culturally adapted behavioral activation therapy for muslim patients with depression in Pakistan

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第8期13卷 551-562页

作者： Saima Dawood Ghazala mir robert m West Centre for Clinical Psychology University of the PunjabLahore Punjab 54590Pakistan Leeds Institute of Health Sciences School of MedicineThe University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTWest YorkshireEnglandUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource *** that is culturally adapted for muslims(BA-m)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled *** To compare the effectiveness of BA-m with CBT for muslim patients with depression in *** One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,*** followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each *** measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief *** measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow *** primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of *** addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression *** Patients in the BA-m arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-m,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences

关键词： Culturally adapted therapy Behavioral activation Depression Pakistan muslim Randomized control trial

China’s corridor bridges:heritage buildings over water

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Built Heritage 2020年第2期4卷 21-39页

作者： Ronald G.knapp Terry E.miller Jie Liu 不详 SUNY Distinguished Professor Emeritus State University of New YorkPO Box 365 New PaltzNew York 12561USA

Essentially unknown in the rest of the world and only recently appreciated in China,the globally significant 3000+‘corridor bridges’(langqiao)in China far outnumber the better-known‘covered bridges’found in North America and *** or exceeding those in the West in number,age,complexity,and architectural ambition,some of China’s outstanding timber langqiao in the mountains of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces are on the cusp of being inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage cultural *** south and central China today there is moreover a resurgence of new timber langqiao being erected using traditional carpentry alongside the unprecedented construction of modern marvels of steel and *** evidence in 2001 uncovered China’s earliest‘corridor bridge’—thus the oldest known covered bridge in the world—with a length of 42m dating to the Han dynasty 2000 years *** Rulong Bridge,which dates to 1625 and is documented as the oldest standing woven arch-beam langqiao,can be visited today in Qingyuan county,southern *** older langqiao with parallel log beams as the substructure have come to light in neighboring Fujian province,most notably the Zhiqing Bridge in a rural area of Jian’ou city that dates to ***’s bridges,whether with a corridor atop or without,have traditionally not been included under the umbrella of‘vernacular architecture’even as they usually were created by local craftspeople employing the same approaches and practices for dwellings and *** as with these better researched structures,langqiao must be studied not only from the perspective of architecture,but also anthropology,geography,history,and sociology,among other *** than being abandoned as artifacts from the past,China’s langqiao today represent a living tradition that continues serving rural communities as places of passage,spaces for leisure and marketing,sites for worship,and increasingly destinations for tourists in search of nost

关键词： Corridor bridges Covered bridges Heritage tourism Langqiao Rural tourism Vernacular architecture

Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5732-5772页

作者： Kyle J Anderson robert T Cormier Patricia m Scott Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School

In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer *** functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of *** this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and *** members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPm8,TRPm7,TRPm6 and TRPm2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle *** VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC *** have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer ***2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).more than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal *** distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI *** are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CR

关键词： Ion channels Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognostic biomarker Novel therapies Clinical targets