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Effects of PGC-1αoverexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 198-208页

作者： Tyrone A.Washington Wesley S.Haynie Eleanor R.Schrems Richard A.Perry jr. lemuel A.Brown Breanna M.Williams Megan E.Rosa-Caldwell David E.lee Jacob l.Brown Exercise Muscle Biology laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA Cachexia Research laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion,metabolic health,and quality of *** proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC1A)is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial *** mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation,however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further *** purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage.22 C57Bl/6J(WT)and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic(A1)mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline(PBS,uninjured control)or Bupivacaine(MAR,injured)into their tibialis anterior(TA)muscle to induce skeletal muscle *** muscles were extracted 3-or 28-days postinjury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein ***1a mRNA was~10–20 fold greater in A1 *** of protein synthesis,AKT and 4EBP1,displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic *** mRNA was~75%lower compared to WT 3 days *** mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other ***1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration.

关键词： PGC-1α Skeletal muscle Muscle regeneration Satellite cells Protein turnover p38 MAPK

PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations decreased faster in urban than rural areas in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 83-91页

作者： Yangyang Zhang Aohan Tang Chen Wang Xin Ma Yunzhe li Wen Xu Xiaoping Xia Aihua Zheng Wenqing li Zengguo Fang Xiufen Zhao Xianlong Peng Yuping Zhang Jian Han lijuan Zhang Jeffrey l.Collett jr.Xuejun liu Beijing Key laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Analysis and Testing Center Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou 350003China College of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHaerbin 150030China College of Resources and Environment Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources UseHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Resources and Environment Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

We investigated variations of PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ions chemical characteristics at nine urban and rural sites in China using ground-based *** 2015 to 2019,mean PM_(2.5)concentration across all sites decreased by 41.9μg/m~3with a decline of 46%at urban sites and 28%at rural sites,where secondary inorganic aerosol(SIAs)contributed to 21%(urban sites)and 17%(rural sites)of the decreased PM_(2.5).SIAs concentrations underwent a decline at urban locations,while sulfate(SO_(4)^(2–)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))decreased by 49.5%,31.3%and 31.6%,***,only SO_(4)^(2–)decreased at rural sites,NO_(3)^(–)increased by 21%and NH_(4)^(+)decreased *** changes contributed to an overall SIAs increase in *** molar ratios of NO_(3)^(–)to SO_(4)^(2–)and NH_(4)^(+)to SO_(4)^(2–)were observed at urban sites than rural sites,being highest in the heavily polluted *** molar ratios of NH_(3)/NH_xwere higher in 2019 than 2015 at both urban and rural sites,implying increasing NH_xremained as free NH_(3).Our observations indicated a slower transition from sulfate-driven to nitrate-driven aerosol pollution and less efficient control of NO_(x)than SO_(2)related aerosol formation in rural regions than urban ***,the common factor at urban and rural sites appears to be a combination of lower SO_(4)^(2–)levels and an increasing fraction of NO_(3)^(–)to PM_(2.5)under NH_(4)^(+)-rich *** findings imply that synchronous reduction in NO_(x)and NH_(3)emissions especially rural areas would be effective to mitigate NO_(3)^(–)-driven aerosol pollution.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Air pollutant emission Pollution mitigation

A new species of the genus Xenophrys(Anura:Megophryidae) from northern Thailand

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Zoological Research 2019年第6期40卷 564-574页

作者： Yun-He Wu Chatmongkon Suwannapoom Nikolay A. Poyarkov,jr. Parinya Paawangkhanant Kai Xu Jie-Qiong Jin robert W. Murphy Jing Che State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China Kunming College of life Science University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650204China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar School of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of PhayaoPhayao 56000Thailand Department of Vertebrate Zoology Biological FacultyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center 63 Nguyen Van Huyen RoadNghia DoCau GiayHanoiVietnam Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumToronto M5S 2C6Canada

DEAR EDITOR,Species of Xenophrys are conserved morphologically and live primarily in forests. In Thailand, the genus harbors many cryptic species. Herein we report the collection of specimens from Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, which were identified previously as X. minor. Molecular and morphological analyses find that these specimens differ significantly from other known congeners, and therefore we describe a new species. Further, our phylogenetic analyses indicate that X. latidactyla is a junior synonym of X. palpebralespinosa.

关键词： genus Xenophrys Megophryidae Thailand

E-Cigarette Survey among Student Pharmacists Reveals Troubling Results

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2020年第6期11卷 127-136页

作者： Jamie l. McConaha Phillip lunney Jan M. Kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. robert Taylor jr. robert B. Raffa Duquesne University School of Pharmacy Pittsburgh PA USA lachman Consultants Westbury NY USA Kitzen Pharmaceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA

The rise in “vaping”-associated deaths in the United States raises serious concerns. A justification for some level of risk is that e-cigarettes might provide a “reverse-gateway” from smoking traditional cigarettes to a less-harmful alternative. But are users actually smokers? We developed an electronic on-line survey to gather data regarding e-cigarette usage in a target study population of pharmacy students. The survey was created using Google Forms to collect the responses anonymously. We surveyed medical-savvy healthcare students about their e-cigarette use, and whether or not their healthcare providers were aware of their e-cigarette use. Although nearly one-fourth of a convenience sampling of 134 pharmacy-student respondents (23.9%) reported using e-cigarettes, only 2.0% reported prior regular cigarette use, 28% used cartridges containing nicotine and only 11.2% had tried and wanted to quit. The majority (64.1%) reported that their healthcare providers did not ask about such use, and respondents did not volunteer this information. The results of this pilot survey reveal a significant e-cigarette use among health-aware pharmacy students, and they do not support the notion that the respondents do so to quit smoking. The observation that most of the students’ healthcare providers did not inquire about their e-cigarette use, coupled with the finding that users did not volunteer their vaping behavior,le="font-family:Verdana;"> suggests that the information should be included when getting a medical history. Further research is needed to determine what behavioral factors may play a role in this type of decision-making among student healthcare professionals.

关键词： E-Cigarettes Nicotine Smoking Cessation Survey Vaping

党员CEO促进了ESG责任履行吗?——内部治理和外部治理的协同作用

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技术经济 2024年第6期43卷 125-140页

作者：吕英方文艳兰州理工大学经济管理学院兰州730050

在双碳目标背景下,企业践行ESG理念对国家绿色发展目标具有战略意义。本文基于烙印理论,以2012—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了党员CEO对企业ESG责任履行的影响,研究结果表明:CEO党员身份显著促进了企业ESG责任履行;... 详细信息

在双碳目标背景下,企业践行ESG理念对国家绿色发展目标具有战略意义。本文基于烙印理论,以2012—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了党员CEO对企业ESG责任履行的影响,研究结果表明:CEO党员身份显著促进了企业ESG责任履行;党组织通过政治嵌入和认知嵌入在党员CEO与ESG责任履行关系中存在正向调节作用;在强制性、规范性以及模仿性制度压力下,党员CEO促进企业承担ESG责任,且这种促进作用在党组织嵌入程度高的企业更显著;机制分析表明,党员CEO通过信息披露路径对ESG责任履行发挥了间接作用;异质性分析表明,党员CEO对ESG的治理作用在国有企业和低碳企业更显著;进一步分析表明,党员CEO通过推动ESG责任履行提高了企业高质量发展水平,在国有和非国有企业,党员CEO都显著促进企业高质量发展。本文丰富了党员CEO参与治理效果的研究,为提升企业ESG表现,助力企业绿色转型提供了借鉴和参考,为高质量党建引领带动企业高质量发展提供了新的证据。

关键词：党员CEO ESG责任履行党组织嵌入制度压力

Elevated temperature intensity,timing,and duration of exposure affect soybean internode elongation,mainstem node number,and pod number per plant

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 148-161页

作者： leon Hartwell Allen jr. lingxiao Zhang Kenneth J.Boote Bernard A.Hauser U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service GainesvilleFL 32608USA Department of Agronomy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

A study was conducted in four compartments of a polycarbonate greenhouse at Gainesville,Fl, USA to investigate how a soybean(Glycine max l. Merr.) cultivar, Maverick(maturity group III, indeterminate), responded to three elevated temperatures, ElT,(day/night of 34/26 °C, 38/30 °C, and 42/34 °C) in comparison to a control growth temperature(30/22 °C).Carbon dioxide(CO_2) concentration was maintained at 700 μmol mol^(-1) in each compartment by a processor controlled air-sampling and CO_2-injection system. Three sequential experiments were conducted at different times of year(summer, autumn, and early spring)to investigate the effect of intensity, timing, and duration of ElT on soybean node number,internode elongation, mainstem length, and number of pods set per plant. At the control temperature, the soybean plants grown in the polycarbonate greenhouse were taller than field-grown plants. When plants were grown under continuous ElT applied soon after sowing or at initial flowering, the number of nodes increased with increasing ElT intensity,whereas the length of individual internodes decreased. When ElT treatment was applied during the beginning of flowering stage(R1–R2) or earlier, more nodes were produced and the length of affected internodes was decreased. When the ElT was imposed later at reproductive stage R5+ just before the beginning of seed filling, effects on node numbers and internode lengths were negligible. Short-term(10-day) duration of ElT applied at four stages from V3 to R5+ did not significantly affect final mean numbers of nodes or mean mainstem lengths. Possible mechanisms of elevated temperature effects on soybean internode elongation and node number(internode number) are discussed. Total pod numbers per plant increased linearly with mainstem node numbers and mainstem ***, total pod numbers per plant were greatest at 34/26 °C rather than at the control temperature of 30/22 °C(and remained high at 38/30 °C). Mild increases in temperatu

关键词： Elevated temperature Internode elongation Node number Pod yield Soybean phenology

Surface decoration of Halloysite nanotubes with POSS for fire-safe thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第6期101卷 107-117页

作者： Wei Wu Wanjing Zhao Xianjing Gong Qijun Sun Xianwu Cao Yujun Su Bin Yu robert K.Y.li Roy A.l.Vellaisamy Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong SARChina National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of EducationGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced ManufacturingSchool of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China National-certified Enterprise Technology Center Kingfa Science and Technology Co.Ltd.Guangzhou 510663China Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueenslandAustralia James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom

Halloysite nanotubes(HNTs)have been considered as a promising flame retardant fillers for *** this work,the polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane(POSS)containing amino group was covalently grafted on the surface of HNTs with 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane as a chemical *** POSS modified HNTs(HNTs-POSS)dispersed uniformly in the thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)matrix and endowed TPU nanocomposites with enhanced tensile properties and fire *** calorimeter tests revealed that the introduction of 2 wt%HNTs-POSS to TPU matrix remarkably reduced the peak of heat release rate(PHRR)and total heat release(THR)by 60.0%and 18.3%,*** addition,the peak CO production rate and total smoke release(TSR)could be significantly suppressed by the addition of *** well dispersed HNTs in combination with the ceramified silicon network from the thermal decomposition of POSS contributed to the formation of a continuous and compact char layer,exhibiting a tortuous effect by inhibiting heat diffusion and evaporation of volatile *** addition,the released crystal water from HNTs could dilute the combustible volatiles and then decline the combustion *** tensile tests demonstrated that introduction of 2 wt%HNTs-POSS would enhance the maximum stress of TPU nanocomposite with a slight decrease of elongation at *** combination of HNTs and POSS through the construction of effective interfacial interactions provides a feasible way to effectively enhance the fire safety of TPU nanocomposites without scarifying ductility.

关键词： Thermoplastic polyurethane Halloysite nanotube POSS Flame retardancy Mechanical property

Space-Time Diagrams lead to False Paradoxes

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第12期10卷 3804-3813页

作者： robert l. Shuler NASA Johnson Space Center Retired Houston TX USA

This paper provides a clear analysis of how hypothetical concepts not allowed in Special Relativity should be treated and exposes hidden assumptions in space-time diagrams used on YouTube, where some prominent physicists have taken to publishing on popular topics that may not survive peer review. Such casual graphical treatment conceals the fact that space-time diagrams provide only for the Einstein synchronization convention for all observers, not the many other valid synchronization protocols, and also obscure that relativity’s equality of reference frames is rebutted if concepts outside relativity, such as instant communication, are introduced. These omissions of unconscious assumptions have been used to “prove” the existence of block time and time travel or time paradoxes. We will show the contradictory assumptions amount to assuming time travel, rather than the more mundane need to adjust synchronization conventions. We further show a new result that the use of the space-time diagrams as proposed by these “explainers” leads to discontinuities in which a differential change in communication speed leads to a sudden jump from present to long-past arrival time, strongly suggesting invalidity of the method.

关键词： Space-Time Block Time Block Universe Special Relativity Faster Than light FTl Causality Violation Time Paradox Simultaneity

Crisaborole and Apremilast: PDE4 Inhibitors with Similar Mechanism of Action, Different Indications for Management of Inflammatory Skin Conditions

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第9期9卷 357-381页

作者： Jan M. Kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. robert Taylor jr. robert B. Raffa Kitzen Pharmaceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA

Two selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors—viz., crisaborole (Eucrisa®, Pfizer) and apremilast (Otezla®, Celgene)—have recently received approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of related but different dermatologic skin conditions (viz., atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis, respectively). The purpose of this review is to summarize the underlying biochemistry and pathophysiology associated with these dermatologic conditions, review the chemistry, pharmacology and safety of each of these products, and present preclinical and clinical evidence that may help explain why these two PDE4 inhibitors offer new treatment options for these skin conditions.

关键词： Crisaborole Apremilast Phosphodiesterase PDE4 Inflammation Cytokines Interleukins cAMP