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A review of potential conservation and fisheries benefits of breaching four dams in the lower Snake River(Washington,USA)

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第2期1卷 10-22页

作者： Adam J.Storch Howard A.Schaller Charles E.Petrosky robert l.vadas jr. Benjamin J.Clemens Gary Sprague Norman Mercado-Silva Brett Roper Michael J.Parsley Edward Bowles robert M.Hughes Jay A.Hesse Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Ocean Salmon and Columbia River Program17330 Southeast Evelyn StreetClackamasOR 97015USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 911 Northeast 11th AvenuePortlandOR 97232USA Idaho Department of Fish and Game 600 South Walnut StreetBoiseID 83707USA Unaffiliated OlympiaWAUSA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Corvallis Research Lab28655 Hwy 34CorvallisOR 97333USA National Marine Fisheries Service 650 Capitol MallSacramentoCA 95814USA Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de MorelosAv.Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaC.P.62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center U.S.Forest Service860 North 1200 EastLoganUT 84321USA Independent Fisheries Consultant 191 Sooter RoadUnderwoodWA 98651USA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 4034 Fairview Industrial Drive SoutheastSalemOR 97302USA Amnis Opes Institute 2895 Southeast Glenn StreetCorvallisOR 97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation Sciences104 Nash HallCorvallisOR 97331USA Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management 120 Beaver GradeLapwaiID 83540USA

Abundances of important and imperiled fishes of the Snake River Basin continue to *** assessed the rationale for breaching the four lower Snake River Basin dams to prevent complete loss of these fishes,and to maximize their likelihood of *** summarize the science surrounding Sockeye Salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka),Chinook Salmon(***),steelhead(***),Bull Trout(Salvelinus confluentus),White Sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus),and Pacific lamprey(Entosphenus tridentatus).From this,we drew ten conclusions:(1)development of the Columbia River System(including the Snake River Basin)has converted mainstem rivers into reservoirs,altering fish behavior and survival;(2)most populations currently record their lowest abundance;(3)the Columbia River System dams reduce productivity of diadromous fishes in the highest-quality spawning grounds that could buffer against future climate dynamics;(4)past actions have done little to reduce impacts or precipitate recovery;(5)the Columbia River System constrains survival and productivity of salmon,steelhead and Bull Trout;(6)Snake River Basin salmon and steelhead remain at high extinction risk;(7)eliminating migration impediments and improving mainstem habitats are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and improving Bull Trout persistence;(8)the lower Snake River Basin dams preclude passage of adult White Sturgeon,constraining gene flow and recruitment;(9)the lower Snake River Basin dams impede dramatically passage of adult and juvenile Pacific lamprey,and(10)Snake River Basin Pacific lamprey is at high risk of *** the four lower Snake River Basin dams is an action likely to prevent extirpation and extinction of these *** from the Columbia River System can inform conservation in other impounded rivers.

关键词： Bull trout Impoundment Pacific lamprey Salmon Steelhead White sturgeon

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Environmental impact assessments should include rigorous scientific peer review

Water Biology and Security

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Water Biology and Security 2024年第3期3卷 89-100页

作者： robert M.Hughes David M.Chambers Dominick A.DellaSala James R.Karr Susan C.lubetkin Sarah O'Neal robert l.vadas jr. Carol Ann Woody Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Center for Science in Public Participation 224 North Church AvenueBozemanMT 59715USA Wild Heritage a Project of Earth Island Institute2150 Allston WayBerkeleyCA94704-1346USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA98105USA Karr Consulting 102 Galaxy View CourtSequimWA98382USA Elemental Statistics 309 West Kinnear PlaceSeattleWA98119USA 2909 Boulevard Rd.SE OlympiaWA98501-3971USA Fisheries Research&Consulting 400 Cormorant CourtFort CollinsCO80525USA

Twenty USA states or jurisdictions and 125 nations have modeled national environmental policies after the National Environmental Policy *** act mandates that federal agencies initiate environmental impact statements(EISs)when substantive environmental or human health consequences are likely because of an agency action related to proposed development *** science used to inform the EIS process,however,does not require independent scientific peer review(ISPR)in the USA or most other *** ISPR is needed for governments to accurately inform the EIS decision-making and public reporting ***,science is routinely manipulated during EIS reviews to generate expedient project outcomes with substantially negative ecological,political,and long-term economic *** provide four examples of EISs that lack ISPR,as well as four examples where reviews by independent scientists were helpful to improve agency *** also recommend that independent scientists(no affiliation with the project proponents or agencies overseeing projects)be used to help assess potential environmental and socio-economic impacts,as well as offer appropriate risk assessments,study designs,and monitoring *** conclude that nations should convene formal reviews using independent scientists as a form of peer review in the EIS process.

关键词： Ecological evaluation Environmental assessment Independent scientific peer review National environmental policy act(NEPA) Risk assessment

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Assemblage-based biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem health via multimetric indices:A critical review and suggestions for improving their applicability

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 28-42页

作者： robert l.vadas jr. robert M.Hughes Yeon Jae Bae Min Jeong Baek Orestes Carlos Bello Gonzáles Marcos Callisto Débora ReisdeCarvalho Kai Chen Maria T.Ferreira Pablo Fierro Jon S.Harding Dana M.Infante C.J.Kleynhans Diego R.Macedo Isabela Martins Norman Mercado Silva Nabor Moya Susan J.Nichols Paulo S.Pompeu Renata Ruaro Deborah R.O.Silva R.Jan Stevenson Bianca de Freitas Terra Christa Thirion Douglas Ticiani lizhu Wang Chris O.Yoder 2909 Boulevard Rd SEOlympiaWA98501-3971USA Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Division of Environmental Science&Ecological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul02841South Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment42 Hwangyeong-roSeo-guIncheon22689South Korea Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos1001Col.ChamilpaC.P62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Departamento de Genética Ecologia e EvoluçaoInstituto de Ciências BiologicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Ant^onio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Ecologia e Conservaçao Universidade Federal de Lavras37200-900LavrasMGBrazil State Key laboratory of Marine Resource Utiliization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China Forest Research Centre&Associate laboratory TERRA University of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y limnologicas Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand Department of Fisheries&Wildlife Michigan State University1405 South Harrison Road#318East LansingMI48823USA Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(retired) 8th Avenue 771Wonderboom South0084PretoriaSouth Africa Departamento de Geografia Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Antônio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Instituto Guaicuy 109 Rua BrasopolisBelo HorizonteMG31150-170Brazil Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosAvenida Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaC.P.62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Instituto Experimental de Biología Universidad San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia Centre for Applied Water Science Un

Freshwater biota are more comprehensive and direct indicators of biological impacts,and more meaningful to the public than water quality or physical habitat *** biotic data and the multiple biological indicators developed from them offer a much richer array of data for assessing the impacts of pollution controls than a limited set of physical or chemical *** recent decades,assemblage-based assessments by ecologists,environmental scientists,and water quality agencies have been employed globally for determining the condition of,and threats to,freshwater ecosystems.A key step in this advance has been the development of multimetric indices(MMIs)or indices of biotic integrity(IBIs)based on quantitative assessments of algae,macrophyte,macroinvertebrate,fish or riparian bird *** Europe,where biological assemblages are mandated for assessing freshwater ecosystem health,many indices are ***,the proliferation of MMIs globally has not always occurred through the application of rigorous study designs and monitoring protocols,nor have they always effectively incorporated functional metrics,stressor assessments,and statistical ***,in this review,we discuss eleven major concerns with the development and application(including logistical limitations)of multimetric indicators based on freshwater biota to encourage more rigorous and widely applicable(transferable)MMI use and ***,our concerns focus on reference conditions;sampling effort,methods,and season;trophic guild definition;metric comprehensiveness,options,screening and scoring;and MMI *** could also benefit from increased attention to ecological mechanisms and metric development,to further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts as well as rehabilitation effects on freshwater ecosystems *** closer attention to study designs,ecological mechanisms and metric development should further improve our understa

关键词： IBI MMI Fish Macroinvertebrates Algae Streams Rivers lakes Wetlands Biological monitoring

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Very weak solutions to the two-dimensional Monge-Ampére equation Dedicated to Professor Jean-Yves Chemin on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第6期62卷 1041-1056页

作者： Wentao Cao lászló Székelyhidi jr. Institut für Mathematik Universit?t Leipzig

In this short note we revisit the convex integration approach to constructing very weak solutions to the 2D Monge-Ampére equation with H?lder-continuous ?rst derivatives of exponent β lewicka and Pakzad(2017) with a new diagonalization procedure which avoids the use of conformal coordinates, which was introduced by De lellis et al.(2018) for the isometric immersion problem.

关键词： Monge-Ampére equation convex integration weak solutions

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THE GATE SQUAll lINE OF 9-10 AUGUST 1974

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第1期4卷 85-92页

作者：韦统健,robert A. Houze jr. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

A tropical squall line that passed over the ship array of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme's Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) on 9-10 August 1974 is analyzed. This squall line was similar to squall systems that passed over the GATE ship array on four other days. It began as a purely convective cloud line, then developed an associated stratiform cloud and precipitation area. The stratiform rain built up to a maximum amount over a period of 8 h, then gradually diminished over a 6 h period. This stratiform rain is estimated to have accounted for 32% of the squall system's total precipitation. As in other GATE squall lines, the upper-level cloud shield from which the stratiform rain fell, was advected slowly forward of the line during the system's lifetime, the leading line of convective clouds consisted of transient smaller-scale convective elements, which lent the line an irregular shape and pulsatory movement, and the stratiform portion of the system was characterized by the development of a

关键词： line THE GATE SQUAll lINE OF 9-10 AUGUST 1974 GMT lINE

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The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prominent species： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： Richard ENGEMAN Elliott JACOBSON Michael l. AVERY Walter E. MESHAKA, jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species problems in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishment by alien reptiles. Besides the large numbers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, many of these species present novel difficulties for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremely challenging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potentially harmful species has become established. It also requires the political will along with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective methods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessment of risk for estab- lishment, and we use a subset of prominent species to illustrate in more detail the array of invasive reptile species circumstances in Florida, including routes of introduction, impacts, and potential and implemented management actions. These examples not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problems in the state, but they also show the diversity in resolve and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical ecology Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile monitors Northern curlytail lizards

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Distribution Control Centers in the US and Europe:Commonalities,Differences,and lessons

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 259-268页

作者： Subramanian Vadari Izudin Dzafic Dan'l Koch Ryan Murphy Daniel Hayes jr. Tarik Donlagic Modem Grid Solutions New YorkUSA University of Sarajevo Faculty of Electrical EngineeringSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina R.Murphy are with Puget Sound Energy BellevueUSA Commonwealth Edison ChicagoUSA Siemens AG ErlanglenGermany

The distribution control center(DCC)has evolved from a sideshow in the traditional distribution service center to a major centerpiece of the utility moving into the decentralized ***,this is the place where much of the action is happening due to new forms of energy that are coining into the distribution *** creates the flexibility of operation and in-creased complexity due to the need for increased coordination between the transmission control center and ***,the US and European utilities have adapted to this change in very different ***,we describe the research works done in a DCC and their evolutions from the perspectives of major US utilities,and those enhanced by the European perspective focusing on the coordination of distribution system operator and transmission system operator(DSO-TSO).We pres-ent the insights into the systems used in these control centers and the role of vendors in their *** this paper,we present the perspectives of challenges,operational capabilities,and the involvement of various parties who will be re-sponsible to make the transition *** differences are pointed out on how distribution operations are conducted between the US and Europe.

关键词： Distribution control center(DCC) power system operation distributed generation asset flexibility volt-var optimization and control.

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Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 657-664页

作者： Jacob R.JONES Camille l.STEENROD John A.MARINO jr. Biology Department Bradley UniversityPeoriaILUSA Department of Geography University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Spatial distributions of animals can affect interactions with their natural enemies,such as parasites,and thus have important implications for host-parasite *** spatial variation in infection risk has been explored in many systems at the landscape scale,less attention has been paid to spatial structure at smaller ***,we explore a hypothesized relationship between a common spatial variable,vertical position,and risk of parasite infection in a model aquatic system,larval frogs(Rana)and trematode(Digenea)*** position is relevant to this system given evidence that the densities of snail first intermediate hosts,tadpole second intermediate hosts,and trematode infective stages can vary with *** test the effects of depth on infection risk of larval frogs by trematodes,we performed two enclosure experiments,one in the laboratory and one in the field,in which larval frogs in cages just below the water surface or near the bottom of the water column were exposed to *** with near-surface cages,mean infection load(number of cysts)in tadpoles in near-bottom cages was 83%higher after 48-h exposures in the laboratory and 730%higher after 10-day exposures in the *** findings thus indicate that infection risk depends on depth,which may have adaptive significance,as tadpoles have previously been shown to change vertical position in response to parasite *** results motivate future work examining vertical variation in infection risk and may have broader implications for host-parasite dynamics and evolution of host and parasite behavior.

关键词： avoidance behavior cercariae Echinostomatidae host-parasite interactions Rana spatial structure

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Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1273-1280页

作者： Ryan l.Fimmen Tamara D.Trouts Daniel D.Richter jr. Dharni Vasudevan School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University 125 S.Oval MallColumbus OH 43210 USA.Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University 125 S.Oval MallColumbus OH 43210 USA Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke UniversityDurham NC 27708 USA. Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke UniversityDurham NC 27708 USA.Department of Chemistry Bowdoin CollegeBrunswick ME 04011 USA

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...

关键词： dissolved organic matter/nitrogen (DOM/DON) o-phthaldialdehyde fluorescamine ninhydrin amino acids amide hydrolysis peptides

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The Twins Clock Paradox History and Perspectives

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第12期5卷 1062-1078页

作者： robert l. Shuler jr. NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA

The twins or clock paradox has been a subject of lively discussion and occasional disagreement among both relativists and the public for over 100 years, and continues to attract physicists who write papers giving new analyses or defending old ones, even though many physicists now consider the matter only of educational interest. This paper investigates the number of papers, which is increasing, and trends in explanations, some of which are now targeted at professional physicists and other of which are targeted at optical or radar visualization rather than problem solving. Observations of students indicate that the latest techniques help but only somewhat. An analysis is made of 21 previous treatments appearing in the education related American Journal of Physics, Einstein’s discussions and several other pedagogical papers. A new memory aid for simultaneity transformation is given that puts it on a par with “time dilation” and “length contraction” for quick and easy problem visualization. The point of view of a trailing twin is introduced to show how simultaneity changes account for missing time in the turnaround. length contraction is treated on equal footing with time dilation, and Swann’s insight into clocks is extended to lengths. Treatments using the conventionality of simultaneity are seen as equivalent to choice of co-moving frames. Responses to difficult questions are suggested which avoid being dismissive, and engage students’ critical thinking.

关键词： Clock Paradox length Contraction Simultaneity Special Relativity Time Dilation Twins Paradox

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