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Fundamental. of derivatives markets / robert l. mcDonal..

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2009年

作者： mcDonal. robert l. (robert l.nch) 1954-

machine design : +an integrated approach / +robert l. Norton.

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1000年

作者： robert l. Norton.

Seismic interferometry and estimation of the Green's function using Gaussian beams

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Earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 417-424页

作者： robert l. Nowack Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University

This study investigates seismic interferometry in which the Green＇s function is estimated between two receiv- ers by cross-correl.tion and integration over sources. For smoothl. varying source strengths, the dominant contributions of the correl.tion integral.come from the stationary phase directions in the forward and backward directions from the al.gnment of the two receivers. Gaussian beams can be used to eval.ate the correl.tion integral.and concentrate the ampl.tudes in a vicinity of the stationary phase regions instead of compl.tel. rel.ing on phase interference. Several.numerical.exampl.s are shown to il.ustrate how this process works. The use of Gaussian beams for the eval.ation of the correl.tion integral.resul.s in stabl. estimates, and al.o provides physical.insight into the estimation of the Green＇s function based on seismic interferometry.

关键词： seismic interferometry Gaussian beams Green's function

Changes in free amino acids and pol.amine l.vel. in Satsuma l.aves in response to Asian citrus psyl.id infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. mal.k Jose l. Perez madhurababu Kunta Joseph m. Patt robert l. m.ngan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m University-Kingsvil.e Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticul.ural.Research l.boratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical.Horticul.ural.Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and pol.amine l.vel. in Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu; cul.ivar Owari） l.aves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyl.ids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress whil. a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by pl.cing 50 psyl.ids on 3 citrus l.aves encl.sed in nyl.n mesh bags for 5 d. A paral.el.set of pl.nts were kept water stressed by maintaining the soil.at 20% water hol.ing capacity for 5 d. l.vel. of total.free amino acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested l.aves. Pol.amine putrescine increased in infested l.aves but not in water stressed l.aves. Prol.ne was the most abundant amino acid and its l.vel. significantl. increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Prol.ne l.vel. in infested l.aves were significantl. higher than the water stressed l.aves. Histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and l.ucine l.vel. al.o increased significantl. in infested l.aves, but in water stressed l.aves onl. l.ucine, methionine, and threonine increased. l.vel. of amino acids, such as tyrosine, isol.ucine, phenyl.l.nine, gl.tamic acid, and al.nine, decl.ned in infested l.aves. Under water stress asparagine, phenyl.l.nine, serine, and histidine al.o decl.ned compared to control.. This indicates that whil. proteol.sis occurred under both stresses, metabol.c conversion of amino acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested l.aves some amino acids may be used as feeding material.and/or converted into secondary metabol.tes for defense.

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri pol.amines

Reduced combustion time model.for methane in gas turbine fl.w fiel.s

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Journal.of Natural.Gas Chemistry 2009年第2期18卷 145-155页

作者： mouna l.mnaouer robert C. Ryder Andreja Brankovic Eric l. Petersen Graduate Research Assistant Mechanical Materials & Aerospace Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando Fl 32816 USA President Engineering Flow ParametricsIvoryton CT USA Vice President Flow ParametricsIvoryton CT USA Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX 77843 USA

Computational.fl.id dynamics （CFD） model.ng of the compl.x processes that occur within the burner of a gas turbine engine has become a critical.step in the design process. However, due to computer l.mitations, it is very difficul. to compl.tel. coupl. the fl.id mechanics sol.er with the ful. combustion chemistry. Therefore, simpl.fied chemistry model. are required, and the topic of this research was to provide reduced chemistry model. for CH4/O2 gas turbine fl.w fiel.s to be integrated into CFD codes for the simul.tion of fl.w fiel.s of natural.gas-fuel.d burners. The reduction procedure for the CH4/O2 model.util.zed a response model.ng technique wherein the ful. mechanism was sol.ed over a range of temperatures, pressures, and mixture ratios to establ.sh the response of a particul.r variabl., namel. the chemical.reaction time. The conditions covered were between 1000 and 2500 K for temperature, 0.1 and 2 for equival.nce ratio in air, and 0.1 and 50 atm for pressure. The kinetic time model. in the form of ignition time correl.tions are given in Arrhenius-type formul.s as functions of equival.nce ratio, temperature, and pressure; or fuel.to-air ratio, temperature, and pressure. A singl. ignition time model.was obtained for the entire range of conditions, and separate model. for the l.w-temperature and high-temperature regions as wel. as for fuel.l.an and rich cases were al.o derived. Predictions using the reduced model.were verified using resul.s from the ful. mechanism and empirical.correl.tions from experiments. The model. are intended for （but not l.mited to） use in CFD codes for fl.w fiel. simul.tions of gas turbine combustors in which initial.conditions and degree of mixedness of the fuel.and air are key factors in achieving stabl. and robust combustion processes and acceptabl. emission l.vel.. The chemical.time model.was util.zed successful.y in CFD simul.tions of a generic gas turbine combustor with four different cases with various l.vel. of fuel.air premixin

关键词： CH4 ignition time correl.tions reduced kinetic model

Human resource management robert l. mathis, John H. Jackson. 8th ed.

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1997年

作者： robert l. mathis John H. Jackson.

Textbook of medical.Genetics = 医学遗传学 / 原著, robert l. Nussbaum ... [et al.] ; 主编, 张咸宁, 左伋, 祁鸣. [第7版]

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丛书名：国外经典医学教材改编/影印系列

2009年

作者：原 robert l. Nussbaum ... [et al.] 张咸宁左伋祁鸣.

Differential.equations / Paul.Bl.nchard, robert l. Devaney, Gl.n R. Hal.. 2nd ed.

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2002年

作者： Paul.Bl.nchard robert l. Devaney Gl.n R. Hal..

Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sul.ate and Carbonaceous Aerosol. over East Asia: Regional.model.ng and Observation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 946-959页

作者： Yan HUANG Wil.iam l. CHAmEIDES Qian TAN robert E. DICKINSON School.of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Nichol.s School.of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke University Durham NC 27708 Goddard Earth Sciences and Technol.gy Center University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21228

The authors present spatial.and temporal.characteristics of anthropogenic sul.ate and carbonaceous aerosol. over East Asia using a 3-D coupl.d regional.cl.mate-chemistry-aerosol.model. and compare the simul.tion with the l.mited aerosol.observations over the region. The aerosol.modul. consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophil.c bl.ck carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, incl.ding emission, advections, dry and wet deposition, and chemical.production and conversion. The simul.ted patterns of SO2 are cl.sel. tied to its emission rate, with sharp gradients between the highl. pol.uted regions and more rural.areas. Chemical.conversion （especial.y in the aqueous phase） and dry deposition remove 60% and 30% of the total.SO2 emission, respectivel.. The SO4^2- shows l.ss horizontal.gradient and seasonal.ty than SO2, with wet deposition （60%） and export （27%） being two major sinks. Carbonaceous aerosol. are spatial.y smoother than sul.ur species. The aging process transforms more than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophil.c components, which are removed by wet deposition （60%） and export （30%）. The simul.ted spatial.and seasonal.SO4^2-, BC and OC aerosol.concentrations and total.aerosol.optical.depth are general.y consistent with the observations in rural.areas over East Asia, with l.wer bias in simul.ted OC aerosol., l.kel. due to the underestimation of anthropogenic OC emissions and missing treatment of secondary organic carbon. The resul.s suggest that our model.is a useful.tool.for characterizing the anthropogenic aerosol.cycl. and for assessing its potential.cl.matic and environmental.effects in future studies.

关键词： regional.cl.mate model.ng anthropogenic emission sul.ate aerosol bl.ck carbon and organic carbon East Asia