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Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemoembolization

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第25期16卷 3161-3167页

作者： Johnathan C Chung Neel k Naik robert J Lewandowski Mary F Mulcahy Laura M kulik kent T Sato robert k ryu Riad Salem Andrew C Larson Reed A Omary Department of Radiology North-western University Chicago IL 60611 United States Clinical Sciences Research Division Gastrointestinal Oncology Program Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 United StatesMary F Mulcahy Department of Medicine Division of Hema-tology and Oncology Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chi-cago IL 60611 United States Department of Hepatology Northwestern Uni-versity Chicago IL 60611 United States Reed A Omary Department of Biomedi-cal Engineering Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 United States

AIM: To investigate whether intra-procedural diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging can predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during trans- catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Sixteen patients (15 male), aged 59 ±11 years (range: 42-81 years) underwent a total of 21 separate treatments for unresectable HCC in a hybrid magnetic resonance/interventional radiology suite. Ana- tomical imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 500 s/mm2) were performed on a 1.5-T unit. Tumor enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, mm2/s) values were assessed immediately before and at 1 and 3 mo after TACE. We calculated the percent change (PC) in ADC values at all time points. We compared follow-up ADC values to baseline values using a paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The intra-procedural sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (%) for detecting a complete or partial 1-mo tumor response using ADC PC thresholds of ±5%, ±10%, and ±15% were 77, 67, 91, and 40; 54, 67, 88, and 25; and 46, 100, 100, and 30, respectively. There was no clear predictive value for the 3-mo follow-up. Compared to baseline, the immediate post-procedure and 1-mo mean ADC values both increased; the latter obtaining statistical significance (1.48 ± 0.29 mm2/s vs 1.65 ± 0.35 × 10-3 mm2/s, P 15% predicted 1-mo anatomical HCC response with the greatest accuracy, and can provide valuable feedback at the time of TACE.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Diffusion-weighted imaging Apparent diffusion coefficient Functional imaging biomarker

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Radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:A clinical review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1664-1669页

作者： Saad M Ibrahim robert J Lewandowski kent T Sato Vanessa L Gates Laura kulik Mary F Mulcahy robert k ryu Reed A Omary Riad Salem Department of Radiology Section of Interventional RadiologyNorthwestern MemorialHospitalRobert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago60611United States Department of Nuclear Medicine Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of Medicine Division of HepatologyNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of Medicine Divisionof Hematology and OncologyRobert H Lurie ComprehensiveCancer CenterNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of Radiology Section of Interventional RadiologyNorthwestern MemorialHospitalRobert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago60611United States Department of MedicineDivisionof Hematology and OncologyRobert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer in the *** majority of patients with HCC present with unresectable *** patients have historically had limited treatment options secondary to HCC demonstrating chemoresistance to the currently available systemic ***, normal liver parenchyma has shown intolerance to tumoricidal radiation doses,limiting the use of external beam *** of these limitations,novel percutaneous liver-directed therapies have emerged. The targeted infusion of radioactive microspheres (radioembolization)represents one such therapy. Radioembolization is a minimally invasive transcatheter therapy through which radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic arteries that supply tumor. Once infused,these microspheres traverse the hepatic vascular plexus and selectively implant within the tumor *** within the arterioles, the 90Y impregnated microspheres emit high energy and low penetrating radiation doses selectively to the *** has recently shown promise for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The objective of this review article is to highlight twocurrently available radioembolic devices(90Y,188Rh)and provide the reader with a recent review of the literature.

关键词： Radioembolization Brachytherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 Rhenium-188

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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan robert Hoepner Patrick küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

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PROXIMAL-PROXIMAL-GRADIENT METHOD

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第6期37卷 778-812页

作者： Ernest k.ryu Wotao Yin Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

In this paper,we present the proximal-proximal-gradient method(PPG),a novel optimization method that is simple to implement and simple to *** generalizes the proximal-gradient method and ADMM and is applicable to minimization problems written as a sum of many differentiable and many non-differentiable convex *** non-differentiable functions can be *** furthermore present a related stochastic variation,which we call stochastic PPG(S-PPG).S-PPG can be interpreted as a generalization of Finito and MISO over to the sum of many coupled non-differentiable convex *** present many applications that can benefit from PPG and S-PPG and prove convergence for both *** demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of both methods through experiments on a CUDA GPU.A key strength of PPG and S-PPG is,compared to existing methods,their ability to directly handle a large sum of non-differentiable nonseparable functions with a constant stepsize independent of the number of *** non-diminishing stepsizes allows them to be fast.

关键词： Proximal-gradient ADMM Finito MISO SAGA Operator splitting Firstorder methods Distributed optimization Stochastic optimization Almost sure convergence linear convergence

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Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第2期18卷 161-165页

作者： Chan-Su ryu Center for Asian Monsoon and Climate Environment Research Chosun University Gwangju Republic of korea

The zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high remarkably influences the climate anomalies in China. In this paper,a new zonal index of the subtropical high is defined by modifying previous indices,and is used to investigate the relationship between the zonal displacement of the subtropical high and the dominant modes of 850-hPa circulations. It is found that the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is significantly correlated with the first two leading modes of circulations. In particular,the correlation coefficient between the index and the time series associated with the second mode is as high as 0.78 in 1958-2003 (46 years). Since the second mode is not associated with significant anomalies of sea surface temperatures,the above results imply the diffculty in seasonal forecasting of the zonal displacement of the subtropical high. In addition,the interannual variability in the zonal displacement of the subtropical high has been considerably enhanced since 1978,due to the effects of both dominant modes,especially the second mode. This is likely to account for the frequent occurrence of anomalous climate in China during the recent two decades.

关键词： Western Pacific subtropical high General circulation Dominant mode Interannual variability Interdecadal variation

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A Hybrid Instance Selection Using Nearest-Neighbor for Cross-Project Defect Prediction

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2015年第5期30卷 969-980页

作者： Duksan ryu Jong-In Jang Jongmoon Baik School of Computinq Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea

Software defect prediction （SDP） is an active research field in software engineering to identify defect-prone modules. Thanks to SDP, limited testing resources can be effectively allocated to defect-prone modules. Although SDP requires sufficient local data within a company, there are cases where local data are not available, e.g., pilot projects. Companies without local data can employ cross-project defect prediction （CPDP） using external data to build classifiers. The major challenge of CPDP is different distributions between training and test data. To tackle this, instances of source data similar to target data are selected to build classifiers. Software datasets have a class imbalance problem meaning the ratio of defective class to clean class is far low. It usually lowers the performance of classifiers. We propose a Hybrid Instance Selection Using Nearest-Neighbor （HISNN） method that performs a hybrid classification selectively learning local knowledge （via k-nearest neighbor） and global knowledge （via na/ve Bayes）. Instances having strong local knowledge are identified via nearest-neighbors with the same class label. Previous studies showed low PD （probability of detection） or high PF （probability of false alarm） which is impractical to overall performance as well as high PD and low PF. use. The experimental results show that HISNN produces high overall performance as well as high PD and low PF.

关键词： software defect analysis instance-based learning nearest-neighbor algorithm data cleaning

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Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 191-204页

作者： robert R kraeling Stephen k Webel L&R Research Associates JBS United Animal Health

Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus, nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of GnRH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care. Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2-3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600~ is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. Real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3-5. PGF2a effectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestati

关键词： Gilts Management Nutrition Reproductive technology Sows

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging in an animal model of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第26期16卷 3292-3298页

作者： robert J Lewandowski Aaron C Eifler David J Bentrem Johnathan C Chung Gayle E Woloschak robert ryu Riad Salem Andrew C Larson Reed A Omary Department of Radiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 United States Department of Surgical Oncology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 United States Department of Radiation Oncology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 United States

AIM: To test the hypotheses that diffusion weighed (DW)and transcatheter intraarterial perfusion (TRIP)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can each be used to assess regional differences in tumor function in an animal pancreatic cancer ***: VX2 tumors were implanted in pancreata of 6 rabbits. MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed 3 wk following implantation. With a 2-French catheter secured in the rabbit's gastroduodenal artery, each rabbit was transferred to an adjacent 1.5T MRI scanner. DWand TRIP-MRI were performed to determine if necrotic tumor core could be differentiated from viable tumor periphery. For each, we compared mean differences between tumor core/ periphery using a 2-tailed paired t-test (α = 0.05). Imaging was correlated with histopathology. RESULTS: Tumors were successfully grown in all rabbits, confirmed by necropsy. On DW-MRI, mean apparent diffusion coeffi cient (ADC) value was higher in necrotic tumor core (2.1 ± 0.3 mm2/s) than in viable tumor periphery (1.4 ± 0.5 mm2/s) (P < 0.05). On TRIP-MRI, mean perfusion values was higher in tumor periphery (110 ± 47 relative units) than in tumor core (66 ± 31 relative units) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Functional MRI can be used to differentiate necrotic from viable tumor cells in an animal pancreatic cancer model using ADC (DW-MRI) and perfusion (TRIP-MRI) values.

关键词： Animal model Functional magnetic resonance imaging Pancreatic cancer

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Periodic Waves of a Discrete Higher Order Nonlinear SchrSdinger Equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第6X期46卷 961-965页

作者： robert Conte k.W. Chow Service de physique de Pétat condensé (URA 2464) CEA-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China

The Hirota equation is a higher order extension of the nonlinear Schr6dinger equation by incorporating third order dispersion and one form of self steepening effect, New periodic waves for the discrete Hirota equation are given in terms of elliptic functions. The continuum limit converges to the analogous result for the continuous Hirota equation, while the long wave limit of these discrete periodic patterns reproduces the known resulr of the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik system.

关键词： discrete higher-order nonlinear SchrSdinger equation discrete Hirota equation elliptic function solutions

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Finite Element Convergence for State-Based Peridynamic Fracture Models

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第1期2卷 93-128页

作者： Prashant k.Jha robert Lipton Department of Mathematics Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

We establish the a priori convergence rate for finite element approximations of a class of nonlocal nonlinear fracture *** consider state-based peridynamic models where the force at a material point is due to both the strain between two points and the change in volume inside the domain of the nonlocal *** pairwise interactions between points are mediated by a bond potential of multi-well type while multi-point interactions are associated with the volume change mediated by a hydrostatic strain *** hydrostatic potential can either be a quadratic function,delivering a linear force–strain relation,or a multi-well type that can be associated with the material degradation and *** first show the well-posedness of the peridynamic formulation and that peridynamic evolutions exist in the Sobolev space *** show that the finite element approximations converge to the H2 solutions uniformly as measured in the mean square *** linear continuous fi nite elements,the convergence rate is shown to be Ct Δt+Csh2/ε2,where𝜖is the size of the horizon,his the mesh size,and Δt is the size of the time *** constants Ct and Cs are independent of Δt and h and may depend on ε through the norm of the exact *** demonstrate the stability of the semi-discrete *** stability of the fully discrete approximation is shown for the linearized peridynamic *** present numerical simulations with the dynamic crack propagation that support the theoretical convergence rate.

关键词： Nonlocal fracture models Peridynamic State-based peridynamic Numerical analysis Finite element approximation

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