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Putting it all together： intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing proteasome biogenesis

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第1期12卷 19-48页

作者： Lauren A. Howell robert j. Tomko jr. Andrew R. Kusmierczyk Department of Biomedical Sciences Florida State University College of Medicine Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue Universi~ Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

BACKGROUND： The 26S proteasome is at the heart of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the key cellular pathway for the regulated degradation of proteins and enforcement of protein quality control. The 26S proteasome is an unusually large and complicated protease comprising a 28-subunit core particle （CP） capped by one or two 19-subunit regulatory particles （RP）. Multiple activities within the RP process incoming ubiquitinated substrates for eventual degradation by the barrel-shaped CE The large size and elaborate architecture of the proteasome have made it an exceptional model for understanding mechanistic themes in macromolecular assembly. OBjECTIVE： In the present work, we highlight the most recent mechanistic insights into proteasome assembly, with particular emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating proteasome biogenesis. We also describe new and exciting questions arising about how proteasome assembly is regulated and deregulated in normal and diseased cells. METHODS： A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed search engine was performed, and key findings yielding mechanistic insight into proteasome assembly were included in this review. RESULTS： Key recent studies have revealed that proteasome biogenesis is dependent upon intrinsic features of the subunits themselves as well as extrinsic factors, many of which function as dedicated chaperones. CONCLUSION： Cells rely on a diverse set of mechanistic strategies to ensure the rapid, efficient, and faithful assembly of proteasomes from their cognate subunits. Importantly, physiological as well as pathological changes to proteasome assembly are emerging as exciting paradigms to alter protein degradation in vivo.

关键词： proteasome assembly assembly chaperones ubiquitin-proteasome system proteolysis macromolecular complex

Andropause and the development of cardiovascular disease presentationmore than an epi-phenomenon

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第1期8卷 35-43页

作者： Emst R. Schwarz Anita Phan robert D. Willix jr Cedars Sinai Heart Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Suite 6215 Los Angeles CA 90048 USA Cenegenics Medical Institute 851 Rampart Blvd. Las Vegas NV 89145 USA

Andropause refers to a generalized decline of male hormones, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged and aging men. This decline in hormones has been associated with changes such as depression, loss of libido, sexual dysfunction, and changes in body composition. Aging has been associated with an abundance of concomitant diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, and although andropause is correlated to aging, a causal relationship between reduction of androgens and the development of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure has not been convincingly established yet. On the other hand, increasing data has emerged that revealed the effects of low levels of androgens on cardiovascular disease progression. As an example, low levels of testosterone have been linked to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. Whether hormone replacement therapy that is used for andropausal men to alleviate symptoms of ＂male menopause＂ can halt progression of cardiovascular disease, remains controversially discussed, primarily due to the lack of well-designed, randomized controlled trials. At least for symptom improvement, the use of androgen replacement therapy in andropausal men may be clinically indicated, and with the appropriate supervision and follow up may prove to be beneficial with regard to preservation of the integrity of cardiovascular health at higher ages.

关键词： andropause age androgen testosterone heart disease heart failure hormone therapy

An enhanced functional ability questionnaire(faVIQ) to measure the impact of rehabilitation services on the visually impaired

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第1期7卷 77-85页

作者： james Stuart Wolffsohn jonathan jackson Olivia Anne Hunt Charles Cottriall jennifer Lindsay Richard Gilmour Anne Sinclair robert harper Aston University Life and Health SciencesOphthalmic Research Group Australian College of Optometry Royal Victoria Hospital Oxford Eye Hospital Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Altnagelvin Area Hospital Low Vision Clinic Fife Low Vision Centre for the Blind Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate response scale,items and scoring of the visual related difficulties experienced by patients with visual impairment. · METHODS: Items in current quality-of-life questionnaires for the visually impaired were refined by a multi-professional group and visually impaired focus groups. The resulting 76 items were completed by 293 visually impaired patients with stable vision on two occasions separated by a month. The faVIQ scores of 75 patients with no ocular pathology were compared to 75 age and gender matched patients with visual impairment. ·RESULTS: Rasch analysis reduced the faVIQ items to 27. Correlation to standard visual metrics was moderate(r =0.32-0.46) and to the NEI-VFQ was 0.48. The faVIQ was able to clearly discriminate between age and gender matched populations with no ocular pathology and visual impairment with an index of 0.983 and 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity using a cut off of 29.·CONCLUSION: The faVIQ allows sensitive assessment of quality-of-life in the visually impaired and should support studies which evaluate the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation services.

关键词： quality of life visual impairment low vision functional ability sensitivity specificity

The demands of the extra-time period of soccer:A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 403-414页

作者： Adam Field robert joseph Naughton Matthew Haines Steve Lui Liam David Corr Mark Russell Richard Michael Page Liam David harper School of Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldHD13DHUK School of Social and Health Sciences Leeds Trinity UniversityBrownberrie LaneHorsforthLeedsLS185HDUK Department of Sport&Physical Activity Edge Hill UniversitySt.Helens RoadOrmskirkLancashireL394QPUK

Background:Soccer match-play is typically contested over 90 min;however,in some cup and tournament scenarios,when matches are tied,they proceed to an additional 30 min,which is termed "extra-time^(ET).This systematic review sought to appraise the literature available on 120-min of soccer-specific exercise,with a view to identifying practical recommendations and future research ***:The review was conducted according to the PRISMA *** researchers performed a systematic search of PubMed,CINAHL,and PsycINFO in May 2019,with the following keywords entered in various combinations:"soccer","football","extra-time","extra time","extratime","120 minutes","120 min","additional 30 minutes",and "additional 30 min".Results:The search yielded an initial 73 *** the screening process,11 articles were accepted for *** were subsequently organized into the following 5 categories:movement demands of ET,performance responses to ET,physiological and neuromuscular response during ET,nutritional interventions,and recovery and *** results highlighted that during competitive match-play,players cover5%-12% less distance relative to match duration(i.e.,meters per minute) during ET compared to the preceding 90 *** in technical performance(i.e.,shot speed,number of passes and dribbles) were also observed during ***,carbohydrate provision may attenuate and improve dribbling performance during ***,objective and subjective measures of recovery may be further compromised following ET when compared to 90 ***:Additional investigations are warranted to further substantiate these findings and identify interventions to improve performance during ET.

关键词： Movement demands Neuromuscular fatigue Nutritional intervention Performance Physiology

Comparison of white‑to‑white measurements using four devices and their determination of ICL sizing

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Eye and Vision 2024年第5期10卷 28-40页

作者： robert Edward T.Ang Edward Kenneth F.Reyes Fernando Amado j.Ayuyao jr Maria Isabel N.Umali Emerson M.Cruz Asian Eye Institute Phinma PlazaRockwell Center8Th Floor1200 MakatiPhilippines Cardinal Santos Medical Center 10 Wilson St.Greenhills1502 San JuanPhilippines

Background:To compare the measurements obtained from the Orbscan II,IOLMaster 700,Pentacam AXL,and Castroviejo caliper and their effects on calculating the recommended implantable collamer lens(ICL)size and postoperative vault ***:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent ICL surgery by a single surgeon from March 1,2018 to july 31,*** were reviewed for the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and white-to-white(WTW)measurements obtained from the Orbscan II,IOLMaster 700,Pentacam AXL,and Castroviejo caliper(WTW only).These were used to calculate the recommended ICL *** actual ICL size implanted,and vault measurements obtained one month postoperatively were also ***:One hundred seven eyes with a mean age of 27.9±7.7 years were included in the *** WTW measurements were significantly different between devices(P<0.0001),with the IOLMaster 700 having the highest value(12.14±0.04 mm)and the caliper having the lowest value(11.45±0.04 mm).Mean ACD measurements were the lowest in Orbscan II(3.12±0.25 mm)and the highest in Pentacam AXL(3.16±0.24 mm).The Pentacam AXL produced an ICL size similar to the Orbscan in 69.2%of *** IOLMaster yielded an ICL measurement one size larger than Orbscan-based calculations in 64.5%of *** the Orbscan WTW and ACD,the desired vault of 0.25 to 0.75 mm and 0.25 to 1.00 mm was achieved in 70%and 91%of eyes,*** caliper WTW to IOLMaster 700 or Pentacam AXL WTW increases the percentage of achieving the desired vault to 80%,similar to the ***:The Orbscan II,IOLMaster 700,and Pentacam AXL cannot be used interchangeably for calculating ICL *** the WTW from caliper measurement with the ACD of the IOLMaster 700 or Pentacam AXL could improve ICL sizing and achieve a higher percentage of eyes with the desired vault.

关键词： ICL vault Orbscan II IOLMaster 700 Pentacam AXL Caliper

Systematic review with meta-analysis on transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease:Very low evidence of improved outcomes

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第13期25卷 1628-1639页

作者： Nicole T Shen Cristina Londono Stephanie Gold Ashley Wu Keith C Mages robert S jr Brown Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York Department of Medicine Division of Internal Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center New York

BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD) is a leading cause of liver failure and indication for liver transplantation that arises in the setting of alcohol use disorder(AUD). Previous reviews of transplantation for ALD are limited in scope of outcomes and type of ALD studied. A comprehensive systematic review could improve use of transplantation in ALD and improve future research. We hypothesize that while transplanting ALD may improve mortality and relapse,findings will be limited by pre-specified causes of heterogeneity-assessment and treatment of AUD, definition of ALD, spectrum of ALD studied, assessment and rates of relapse, and study quality and *** To optimize liver transplantation for ALD, understanding existing research to guide future research, we conducted a systematic review with *** We conducted a systematic review, comparing liver transplant to no-transplant in patients with ALD, with a primary outcome of both short-and long-term mortality and relapse. We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE,EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases for peer-reviewed journal articles comparing use of liver transplant in ALD to no-transplant. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, full text review, and data extraction according to the PRISMA guidelines. We report the quality of the evidence according to the GRADE *** We analyzed data from 10 studies. Of 1332 participants, 34.2%(456/1332) had undergone liver transplantation, while 65.8%(876/1332) had not. While random effects meta-analysis suggested transplant in comparison to no-transplant had an association of reduced mortality that did not reach statistical significance, relative risk(RR) = 0.51(0.25-1.05), but not relapse risk, RR = 0.52(0.18-1.53), significant heterogeneity limited these findings. When restricted to prospective data,transplant compared to no-transplant significantly reduced mortality, RR = 0.25(0.13-0.46, P < 0.01), and relap

关键词： Alcohol-related hepatitis Alcohol-related cirrhosis Alcohol use disorder Liver transplantation Standardization