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Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 949-960页

作者： Eduardo A.Oliveira Maria Christina L.Oliveira Ana Cristina Simões e Silva Enrico A.Colosimo robert h.mak Mariana A.Vasconcelos Ludmila R.Silva Daniella B.Martelli Clara C.Pinhati hercílio Martelli-Júnior Department of Pediatrics Health Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSchool of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)R.Engenheiro Amaro Lanari 389/501Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Pediatrics Rady Children’s HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA health Science/Postgraduate Program in Nursing.School of Nursing Federal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program State University of Montes Claros(Unimontes)Montes ClarosMG39401-089Brazil

Background This study aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness(VE)against omicron variant infection and severe corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in children aged 5–11 years hospitalized with acute respiratory *** A test-negative,case–control analysis was conducted from February 2022 to June *** enrolled 6950 eligible children,including 1102 cases and 5848 *** was calculated after immunization with one and two doses of BNT162b2 or *** outcomes were hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and severe *** adjusted odds ratio for the association of prior vaccination and outcomes was used to estimate *** For fully vaccinated children,the overall estimated VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 42%[95%confidence interval(CI)26 to 54].VE peaked at 29–42 days(67%,95%CI 40%to 82%)and then declined to 19%(95%CI,−20%to 45%)at 57–120 days after the second *** BNT162b2 vaccine had a similar VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection(45%,95%CI,20 to 61)compared to the CoronaVac vaccine(40%,95%CI,17%to 56%).Among cases,56(5%)children died;53(94.6%)were not fully *** cases,the two-dose schedule effectiveness against ICU admission,need for invasive ventilation,severe illness,and death were 10%(95%CI,−54%–45%),22%(95%CI−70%–68%),12%(95%CI,−62%–52%),and 16%(95%CI,−77%–75%),*** For hospitalized children aged 5–11 years during the omicron-predominant period in Brazil,two doses of both vaccines had moderate effectiveness against hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered limited protection against endpoints of COVID-19 severity.

关键词： Children COVID-19 Effectiveness Omicron Vaccine

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hypertension in children with obesity

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World Journal of hypertension 2014年第2期4卷 15-24页

作者： Sujana S Gunta robert h.mak Division of Pediatric Nephrology Rady Children’s Hospital University of California

The prevalence of obesity related hypertension has dramatically increased in children with the parallel increase in pediatric *** pediatric health problem may adversely affect cardiovascular health in adult *** pathogenesis of hypertension in obese children is not widely *** therefore undertake this review to raise public *** childhood parameters like birth weight and postnatal weight gain may play important roles in risk for obesity and obesity related hypertension later in childhood and adult *** information is required to confirm this origin of hypertension so that appropriate measures are taken in the peri-natal *** role of sympathetic nervous system has now been well established as one of the principle mechanisms involved in obesity related *** Renin-Angiotensin system,insulin resistance due to obesity and as a part of metabolic syndrome along with imbalance in adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin,cause activation of the sympathetic system,vasoconstriction,endothelial dysfunction and sodium reabsorption among other ***-step interventions targeting these various mech-anisms are required to break the cycle of obesity and metabolic *** D deficiency,sleep apnea due to airway obstruction and hyperuricemia may also play a significant role and should not be ignored in its early *** is a risk factor for other comorbid conditions like chronic kidney disease and fatty liver which further accentuate the risk of *** awareness is required to prevent,diagnose and treat obesity related hypertension among the pediatric population.

关键词： hypertension Obesity Children Birth weight Sympathetic nervous system hormone Kidney Sodium Vitamin D Uric acid

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Impact of obesity on kidney function and blood pressure in children

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World Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期4卷 223-229页

作者： Wei Ding Wai W Cheung robert h.mak Department of Pediatrics Rady Children’s HospitalUniversity of California Division of Nephrology the Fifth People’s Hospital of ShanghaiFudan University

In recent years, obesity has become an increasingly important epidemic health problem in children and adolescents. The prevalence of the overweight status in children grew from 5% to 11% from 1960 s to 1990 s. The epidemic of obesity has been paralleled by an increase in the incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD) and hypertension. Results of several studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome were independent predictors of renal injury. The pathophysiology of obesity related hypertension is complex, including activation of sympathetic nervous system, renin angiotensin aldosterone system, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation. These same mechanisms likely contribute to the development of increased blood pressure in children. This review summarizes the recent epidemiologic data linking obesity with CKD and hypertension in children, as well as the potential mechanisms.

关键词：肥胖流行病治疗方法临床分析

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Inflammation and nutrition in children with chronic kidney disease

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期5卷 274-282页

作者： Juan Tu Wai W Cheung robert h.mak Department of Pediatrics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA 92093-0630United States Rady Children's hospital San DiegoCA 92123United States Division of Nephrology Affliated Hospital of Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Chronic inflammation and nutritional imbalance are important comorbid conditions that correlate with poor clinical outcomes in children with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Nutritional disorders such as cachexia/protein energy wasting, obesity and growth retardation negatively impact the quality of life and disease progression in children with CKD. Inadequate nutrition has been associated with growth disturbances in children with CKD. On the other hand, over-nutrition and obesity are associated with poor outcomes in children with CKD. The exact mechanisms leading to these unfavorable conditions are not fully elucidated and are most likely multifactorial. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of nutrition disorders and inflammation and their impact on clinical outcomes in children with CKD.

关键词：营养失调慢性肾病治疗方法临床分析

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