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State Scholarship and Loan Forg.veness Prog.ams in the United States: Forg.tten Driver of Access to Health Care in Underserved Areas

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Health 2014年第15期6卷 1994-2003页

作者： Karen W. g.letko robert g. brooks Andrew Hunt Leslie M. Beitsch Florida State University Colleg. of Medicine Tallahassee USA Nova Southeastern University Colleg. of Osteopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale USA University of South Florida Colleg. of Medicine Tampa USA

State-supported prog.ams providing.loans and scholarships in exchang. for service in under-served areas provide an important source of financial support for medical students while encourag.ng.them to select careers in primary care. The purpose of this research was to seek a better understanding.of these often unheralded but important state sources of support, and learn if they have continued to g.ow in the twenty-first century. Administrative data were obtained on state-supported prog.ams operating.in 2008 that provided financial support to students, resident or practicing.physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, dentists, and licensed mental healthcare providers in exchang. for service in an underserved area. The authors identified numbers, types of state-supported prog.ams, prog.am workforce streng.h, and features of state prog.ams. In 2008, 75 state prog.ams, operating.in 37 states, collectively had 5113 prog.am participants under contract. Loan repayment prog.ams (n = 42, 56%) were the most common type of state-supported prog.ams. Practitioners sig.ed initial contracts in 2008 totaled 1173, with more non-physicians (n = 681, 58%) sig.ing.initial contracts than physicians (n = 492, 42%). Additionally, 2803 practitioners were serving.in prog.ams in 2008. Field placement was also slig.tly g.eater among.non-physicians in 2008 (n = 1433, 51%) than physicians (n = 1370, 49%). State support-for-service prog.ams remains an important source of financial assistance for those willing.to make service commitments in underserved areas. Moreover, these prog.ams continue to increase in size, even amidst the economic malaise, and provide an oblig.ted primary care workforce in underserved areas.

关键词： Primary Care Workforce Medical Education Loan Forg.veness Access to Care

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Coupled Inversion of Pressure and Tiltmeter Data for Mapping.Hydraulic Fracture g.ometry

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 396-405页

作者： Zuorong.Chen Xiaofang.Jiang.Zhejun Pan robert g.Jeffrey National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China SCT Operation Pty.Ltd. PO Box 824WollongongNSW2520Australia

Pressure and tilt data are jointly inverted to simultaneously map the orientation and dimensions of a hydraulic *** deformation induced by a fracture under internal pressure is modeled using.the distributed dislocation *** planar fracture is represented by four quarter ellipses,joined at the center and sharing.*** config.ration provides a straig.tforward model for characterizing.asymmetric fracture *** inverse problem of mapping.the fracture g.ometry is formulated using.the Bayesian probabilistic method,combining.the a priori information on the fracture model with updated information from pressure and tilt *** the nonlinear inverse problem is achieved by pseudo-randomly sampling.the posterior probability distribution throug. the Markov chain Monte Carlo *** resulting.posterior probability distribution is then explored to assess uncertainty,resolution,and correlation between model *** experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed analysis method in mapping.the fracture g.ometry using.synthetic pressure and tilt data.

关键词： Hydraulic fracture mapping Coupled inversion Tilt Treating.pressure

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Hydrodynamic function and spring.constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： Attila Bonyár Ág.ston g.Nag. Hans g.nstheimer g.tthold Fläschner robert Horvath Department of Electronics Technolog. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensorics Laboratory Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosurf Ag Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic force microscopy(FluidFM)fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using.microfabricated cantilevers with embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new research and development directions in biolog.,biophysics,and material *** acquire reliable and reproducible data,the calibration of the force sensor is ***,the hollow FluidFM cantilevers contain a row of parallel pillars inside a rectang.lar *** precise spring.constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial,and existing.methods g.nerally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader method,which is currently implemented by the FluidFM community,relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor,which renders the calibration of the spring.constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilevers was experimentally determined with different *** on the hydrodynamic function,a novel spring.constant calibration method was adapted,which relied only on the two resonance frequencies of the cantilever,measured in air and in a *** on these results,our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable,noise-free calibration of hollow FluidFM cantilevers.

关键词： spring cantilever function

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Predicting.the coefficient of friction in a sliding.contact by applying.machine learning.to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert g.TIERREZ Tianshi FANg.robert MAINWARINg.Tom REDDYHOFF Tribolog. g.oup Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell g.obal Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technolog. Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasing.y important to monitor sliding.interfaces within machines,since this is where both energ. is lost,and failures *** emission(AE)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring.transparent or electrically conductive ***,acoustic data from sliding.contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and hig. acquisition rate dig.tizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing.*** data is then used to train machine learning.ML)alg.rithms(e.g.,g.ussian process reg.ession(g.R)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with *** training.requires the dense AE data to first be reduced in size and a rang. of processing.techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling.averag.ng.fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histog.ams).Next,fresh,unseen AE data is g.ven to the trained model and the resulting.friction predictions are compared with the directly measured *** is excellent ag.eement between the measured and predicted friction when the g.R model is used on AE histog.am data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching.***,predictions remain accurate despite chang.s in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating.frequency,and stroke *** paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning g.ussian process reg.ession support vector machine

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A g.neral mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex operator alg.bras

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

We prove a g.neral mirror duality theorem for a subalg.bra U of a simple conformal vertex alg.bra A and its commutant V=ComA(U).Specifically,we assume that A≌■_(i∈I)U_(i)■V_(i) as a U■V-module,where the U-modules Uiare simple and distinct and are objects of a semisimple braided ribbon categ.ry of Umodules,and the V-modules Viare semisimple and contained in a(not necessarily rig.d) braided tensor categ.ry of *** also assume U=ComA(V).Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalence τ:u_(A)→v_(A),where u_(A)is the semisimple categ.ry of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and v_(A)is the categ.ry of V-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** particular,the V-modules Viare simple and distinct,and v_(A)is a rig.d tensor *** an application,we find a rig.d semisimple tensor subcateg.ry of modules for the Virasoro alg.bra at central charg. 13+6p+6p^(-1),p∈Z_(≥2), which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the categ.ry of finite-dimensional ***,the Virasoro vertex operator alg.bra at central charg. 13+6p+6p^(-1)is the PSL_(2)(C)-fixed-point subalg.bra of a simple conformal vertex alg.bra w(-p),analog.us to the realization of the Virasoro vertex operator alg.bra at central charg. 13-6p-6p^(-1)as the PSL_(2)(C)-fixed-point subalg.bra of the triplet alg.bra W(p).

关键词： vertex operator alg.bras coset conformal eld theory braid-reversed tensor equivalence Virasoro alg.bra

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challeng.s in testing.and using.alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert J.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The g.obal trend towards raising.broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ong.ing.need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering.the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining.their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurg.nt in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including.pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phag. therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity ag.inst the NE pathog.n, Clostridium perfring.ns, most have the more g.neral g.al of reinforcing.g.t health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on g.t health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challeng.s and pitfalls in undertaking.experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating.laboratory research to real world commercial production setting.. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading. thoug.ts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding.that is likely to be at odds with others thinking.on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking.and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfring.ns Vaccines Feed additive Farm manag.ment

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Increases in the incremental exercise mean response time across the steady state domain:Implications for exercise testing.prescription

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 315-323页

作者： Bridg.tte g.J.O'Malley robert A.Roberg. Todd A.Astorino Queensland University of Technolog. Faculty of Health:School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesBrisbaneAustralia Department of Kinesiolog. CSU-San MarcosSan MarcosCAUSA

We hypothesized that slowed oxyg.n uptake(VO_(2))kinetics for exercise transitions to hig.er power outputs(PO)within the steady state(SS)domain would increase the mean response time(MRT)with increasing.exercise intensity during.incremental *** hig.ly trained cyclists(mean±standard deviation[SD]);ag.(39±6)years[yr];and VO_(2) peak=(61±9)mL/kg.min performed a maximal,ramp incremental cycling.test and on separate days,four 6-min bouts of cycling.at 30%,45%,65%&75% of their incremental peak PO(Wpeak).SS trial data were used to calculate the MRT and verified by mono-exponential and linear curve *** the ramp protocol attained the value from SS,the PO,in Watts(W),was converted to time(min)based on the ramp function W to quantify the incremental MRT(iMRT).Slope analyses for the VO_(2) responses of the SS versus incremental exercise data below the g.s exchang. threshold(g.T)revealed a sig.ificant difference(p=0.003;[0.437±0.08]vs.[0.382±0.05]L·min^(-1)).There was a sig.ificant difference between the 45%Wpeak steady state VO_(2)(ss VO_(2))([3.08±0.30]L·min^(-1),respectively),and 30% Wpeak ss VO_(2)(2.26±0.24)(pg.e iMRT,which is consistent with slowed VO_(2) kinetics and an increasing.VO_(2) deficit for hig.er exercise intensities within the SS domain.

关键词： Mean responsetime(MRT) Incremental exercise Steady state(SS) Exercise testing Exercise prescription

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A detailed rock density model of the Hong.Kong.territories

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g.odesy and g.odynamics 2024年第1期15卷 75-81页

作者： Albertini Nsiah Ababio robert Tenzer Department of Land Surveying.and g.o-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We used the g.olog.cal map and published rock density measurements to compile the dig.tal rock density model for the Hong.Kong.*** then estimated the averag. density for the whole *** to our result,the rock density values in Hong.Kong.vary from 2101 to 2681 kg.m^(-3).These density values are typically smaller than the averag. density of 2670 kg.m^(-3),often adopted to represent the averag. density of the upper continental crust in physical g.odesy and g.avimetric g.ophysics *** finding.reflects that the g.olog.cal config.ration in Hong.Kong.is mainly formed by lig.t volcanic formations and lava flows with overlying.sedimentary deposits at many locations,while the percentag. of heavier metamorphic rocks is very low(less than 1%).This product will improve the accuracy of a detailed g.oid model and orthometric heig.ts.

关键词： Density model Rock types g.avimetric modeling Hong.Kong

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The concept of g.ne therapy for g.aucoma:the dream that has not come true yet

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adrian Smedowski Department of Physiolog. Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnolog. HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland g.aucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

g.ne therapies,despite of being.a relatively new therapeutic approach,have a potential to become an important alternative to current treatment strateg.es in *** g.aucoma is not considered a sing.e g.ne disease,the identified g.als of g.ne therapy would be rather to provide neuroprotection of retinal g.ng.ion cells,especially,in intraocular-pressure-independent *** most commonly reported type of vector for g.ne delivery in g.aucoma studies is adeno-associated virus serotype 2 that has a hig. tro pism to retinal g.ng.ion cells,res ulting.in long.term expression and low immunog.nic *** g.ne thera py studies recruit inducible and g.netic animal models of optic neuropathy,like DBA/2J mice model of hig.-tension g.aucoma and the optic nerve *** g.ne therapy-based neuroprotection of retinal g.ng.ion cells is targ.ting.specific g.nes translating.to g.owth factors(i.e.,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and its receptor TrkB),reg.lation of apoptosis and neurodeg.neration(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2,Dig.t3 and Sarm1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modulation of neuroinflammation(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and transcription reg.lation(i.e.,Max,Nrf2).On the other hand,some of g.ne therapy studies focus on lowering.intra ocular pressure,by impacting.g.nes involved in both,decreasing.aqueous humor production(i.e.,aquaporin 1),and increasing.outflow facility(i.e.,COX2,prostag.andin F2a receptor,RhoA/RhoA kinase sig.aling.pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The g.al of this review is to summarize the current stateof-art and the direction of development of g.ne therapy strateg.es for g.aucomatous neuropathy.

关键词： adeno-associated virus g.ne editing g.ne therapy g.aucoma IOP lowering IOP-independent mechanisms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropathy retinal g.ng.ion cells

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey M Ring.Lucy M Candib Erick Messias Ronald M Epstein Marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christopher P Morley Carina M Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David g.Campbell Ian Couper Susan Williams robert brooks Lucie Walters Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psycholog.st Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family Medicine Residency Prog.am Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family Medicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunning.ame Arm Medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying.illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following.themes:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘Positive family medicine’,‘Mindful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courag..’May readers nurture their curiosity throug. these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

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