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Tibet,the Himalaya,Asian monsoons and biodiversity-In what ways are they related？

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 233-244页

作者： robert A. Spicer Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Yunnan 666303 PR China School of environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University MK7 6AA UK

Prevailing dogma asserts that the uplift of Tibet, the onset of the Asian monsoon system and high biodiversity in southern Asia are linked, and that all occurred after 23 million years ago in the ***, spanning the last 60 million years of earth history, the geological, climatological and palaeontological evidence for this linkage is reviewed. The principal conclusions are that: 1) A proto-Tibetan highland existed well before the Neogene and that an Andean type topography with surface elevations of at least 4.5 km existed at the start of the eocene, before final closure of the Tethys Ocean that separated India from eurasia. 2) The Himalaya were formed not at the start of the India-eurasia collision, but after much of Tibet had achieved its present elevation. The Himalaya built against a pre-existing proto-Tibetan highland and only projected above the average height of the plateau after approximately 15 Ma. 3)Monsoon climates have existed across southern Asia for the whole of the Cenozoic, and probably for a lot longer, but that they were of the kind generated by seasonal migrations of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone. 4) The projection of the High Himalaya above the Tibetan Plateau at about 15 Ma coincides with the development of the modern South Asia Monsoon. 5) The east Asia monsoon became established in its present form about the same time as a consequence of topographic changes in northern Tibet and elsewhere in Asia, the loss of moisture sources in the Asian interior and the development of a strong winter Siberian high as global temperatures declined. 6) New radiometric dates of palaeontological finds point to southern Asia's high biodiversity originating in the Paleogene, not the Neogene.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Himalaya Uplift history Monsoons Biodiversity Molecular phylogeny

Analysis of hourly generation patterns at large coal-fired units and implications of transitioning from baseload to load-following electricity supplier

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2019年第3期7卷 468-474页

作者： robert Kennedy SMITH U.S. Department of energy Office of Fossil Energy

Several factors have led to the decline of electricity generation from coal over the past decade, and projections forecast high rates of growth for wind and solar technologies in coming years. This analysis uses hourly generation data from large coal-fired power stations to determine how operations have been modified in recent years and describes the implications of these changes for plant equipment and unit reliability. The data shows increasing variability in intraday generation output that affects nearly all of the units in the sample, but the magnitude of increase varies widely among plants. Outage patterns were examined as was the relationship between renewable energy growth in a region and the changes in coal plant operations. Aggregate direct and indirect costs associated with running coal plants as load-following units have not yet been quantified in large-scale studies on a sector-wide basis, largely due to differences in how specific equipment responds to output fluctuations. Due to findings from the hourly generation data analysis and the high degree of potential impact on coal plant equipment, the study suggests the development of a new modeling tool that will represent the costs of running coal-fired power plants at lower capacity factors.

关键词： Coal generation emission intensity Baseload power Capacity factor

P-Lite: A study of parallel coordinate plot literacy

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Visual Informatics 2022年第3期6卷 81-99页

作者： elif e.Firat Alena Denisova Max L.Wilson robert S.Laramee School of Computer Science University of NottinghamUK Department of Computer Science University of YorkUK

Visualization literacy,the ability to interpret and comprehend visual designs,is recognized as an essential skill by the visualization *** identify and investigate barriers to comprehending parallel coordinates plots(PCPs),one of the advanced graphical representations for the display of multivariate and high-dimensional *** develop a parallel coordinates literacy test with diverse images generated using popular PCP software *** test improves PCP literacy and evaluates the user’s literacy *** introduce an interactive educational tool that assists the teaching and learning of parallel coordinates by offering a more active learning *** this pedagogical tool,we aim to advance novice users’parallel coordinates literacy *** on the hypothesis that an interactive tool that links traditional Cartesian Coordinates with PCPs interactively will enhance PCP literacy further than static slides,we compare the learning experience using traditional slides with our novel software tool and investigate the efficiency of the educational software with an online,crowdsourced ***-study results show that our pedagogical tool positively impacts a user’s PCP comprehension.

关键词： Human-centered computing Visualization systems and tool empirical studies in visualization

Use of Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System tube in stabilization of proximal humeral endoprostheses

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第4期7卷 265-271页

作者： Nikolaos A Stavropoulos Hassan Sawan Firas Dandachli robert e Turcotte Department of Orthopedic Surgery McGill University Health Centre King Fahad Medical City

AIM:To review outcomes following usage of the Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System(LARS?)in shoulder ***:Medical records of nineteen patients(19 shoulders)that underwent tumor excisional procedure and reconstruction with the LARS synthetic fabric,were retrospectively ***:Patients’median age was 58 years old,while the median length of resection was 110 mm(range 60-210 mm).Compared to immediate post-operative radiographs,the prosthesis mean end-point position migrated superiorly at a mean follow up period of 26 mo(P=0.002).No statistical significant correlations between the prosthesis head size(P=0.87);the implant stem body length(P=0.949);and the length of resection(P=0.125)with the position of the head,were found at last follow *** cases of radiological dislocation were noted but only one was clinically symptomatic.A minor superficial wound dehiscence,healed without surgery,*** was no evidence of aseptic loosening either,and no prosthetic ***:LARS?use ensured stability of the shoulder following endoprosthetic reconstruction in most patients.

关键词： Proximal humeral endoprostheses Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System

Hepatic manifestations of non-steroidal inflammatory bowel disease therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第27期7卷 2716-2728页

作者： robert Hirten Keith Sultan Ashby Thomas David e Bernstein Division of Gastroenterology North Shore University Hospital--Long Island Jewish Medical Center

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is composed of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and is manifested by both bowel-related and extraintestinal manifestations. Recently the number of therapeutic options available to treat IBD has dramatically increased, with each new medication having its own mechanism of action and side effect profile. A complete understanding of the hepatotoxicity of these medications is important in order to distinguish these complications from the hepatic manifestations of IBD. This review seeks to evaluate the hepatobiliary complications of non-steroid based IBD medications and aide providers in the recognition and management of these side-effects.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity Adverse drug reactions Drug induced

Animated images in the analysis of zebrafish behavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 35-44页

作者： robert GeRLAI Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North Rm CCT4004Mississauga Ontario Canada LSL 1C6

This invited review is based upon a recent oral paper I presented at the Virtual Reality Symposiumof the 34th International ethological Conference （2015, Cairns, Australia）, and as such it describesstudies conducted mainly in my own laboratory. It reviews how we utilized visual stimuli for induc-ing behavioral responses in the zebrafish with a focus on shoaling, group forming behavior. Thezebrafish is gaining increasing popularity in neuroscience. With this interest, its behavior is alsomore frequently studied. One of the many advantages of the zebrafish over traditional laboratoryrodents is that this species is diurnal, and it relies heavily upon its visual system. Thus, similarly toour own species, zebrafish respond to visual stimuli in a robust and easily quantifiable manner. Forthe past decade, we have been exploring how to use such visual stimuli, and have developed nu-merous paradigms with which we can induce and quantify a variety of behavioral responses,including shoaling. This review summarizes some of these studies, and discusses questions includ-ing whether one should use live fish as stimulus, whether and how one could present animated（moving images） of fish, and how one could optimize a range of stimulus presentation parametersto elicit the most robust responses in zebrafish. Although the zebrafish is a relative newcomer inethology and behavioral neuroscience, and although many of our findings only represent the firststeps in this research, our results suggest that the behavioral analysis of the zebrafish will have animportant place in biomedical research.

关键词： alcohol, animated images, high-throughput screening, learning and memory, schooling fish, shoaling, social behavior,zebra fish.

A general mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex operator algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

We prove a general mirror duality theorem for a subalgebra U of a simple conformal vertex algebra A and its commutant V=ComA(U).Specifically,we assume that A≌■_(i∈I)U_(i)■V_(i) as a U■V-module,where the U-modules Uiare simple and distinct and are objects of a semisimple braided ribbon category of Umodules,and the V-modules Viare semisimple and contained in a(not necessarily rigid) braided tensor category of *** also assume U=ComA(V).Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalence τ:u_(A)→v_(A),where u_(A)is the semisimple category of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and v_(A)is the category of V-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** particular,the V-modules Viare simple and distinct,and v_(A)is a rigid tensor *** an application,we find a rigid semisimple tensor subcategory of modules for the Virasoro algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p^(-1),p∈Z_(≥2), which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the category of finite-dimensional ***,the Virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p^(-1)is the PSL_(2)(C)-fixed-point subalgebra of a simple conformal vertex algebra w(-p),analogous to the realization of the Virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13-6p-6p^(-1)as the PSL_(2)(C)-fixed-point subalgebra of the triplet algebra W(p).

关键词： vertex operator algebras coset conformal eld theory braid-reversed tensor equivalence Virasoro algebra

The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 660-665页

作者： robert Mendelsohn School of Forestry and environmental Studies Yale University

Asian agriculture is responsible for two thirds of global agricultural GDP. There have been numerous studies exploring the impact of climate change on crops in specific locations in Asia but no study has yet analyzed crops across the entire continent. This study relies on a Ricardian study of China that estimated climate coefficients for Chinese crops. These coefficients are then used to interpolate potential climate damages across the continent. With carbon fertilization, the model predicts small aggregate effects with a 1.5℃ warming but damages of about USS84 billion with 3℃ warming. India is predicted to be especially vulnerable.

关键词： agriculture climate change Asia Rieardian

Aquatic molluscs in high mountain lakes of the eastern Alps (Austria): Species-environment relationships and specific colonization behaviour

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第1期30卷 59-70页

作者： STURM robert Brunnleitenweg 41 A-5061 Elsbethen Salzburg Austria

Mountain lakes represent essential stages for aquatic species on their way colonizing habitats of more elevated regions. Despite extensive biological and chemical study, only little has been reported about the species number and density of freshwater molluscs in these waters. The article presented here elucidates the dispersal of aquatic gastropods and bivalves in 12 mountain lakes that are commonly situated in the eastern Alps, Austria. Molluscs were recorded at 120 sample points, where a total of 13 species （8 gastropods and 5 bivalves） could be determined. Species distribution data as well as results from contemporarily conducted physico-chemical factor recording were subject to weighted average analysis. In addition, a global marginality coefficient indicating the particularity of a habitat inhabited by a focal species as well as a global tolerance coefficient expressing the width of a niche occupied by this species were computed. Species-environment relationships exhibited that species number and specific density decrease with increasing geographic altitude, declining water temperature, and decreasing amount of submerged vegetation. Whilst waters of the montane altitude level are partly charcterized by high number of mollusc species （〉 10）, lakes of the subalpine altitude level commonly bear 1 or 2 species with 〈〈1 ind./mz. As proposed by the results of statistics, 9 of the 13 mollusc species are characterized by a pronounced behaviour as specialists with respect to most environmental factors. The four remaining species, Pisidium casertanum, Galba truncatula, Radix labiata, and Radix balthica, act as generalists which increases their pioneering role in the long-term occupation of the Central-alpine region.

关键词： aquatic invertebrates species abundance weighted average analysis global marginality coefficient global tolerance coefficient eastern Alps