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需求驱动的库存优化和管理

Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

作者： (美)robert A. davis

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 883-891页

作者： Michele A. BURFORD Timothy W. davis Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Qld. 4111 Australia

The freshwater cyanobacterium, cylindrospermopsis raciborskii （Woloszyflska） Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cytoand hepatotoxins （cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins）, making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10 15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin （cYN）-producing strains. c. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen （N） utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate （DIP） affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP）. changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin cYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of c. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of cYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on c. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of c. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms.

关键词： cyanobacteria freshwater algal toxins nutrients light temperature

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The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 83-83页

作者： Gross cP From the robert Wood Johnson clinical Scholars Program Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore (C.P.G. G.F.A. N.R.P.) and the Department of Health Policy and Management (G.F.A. N.R.P.) the Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research (N.R.P.) and the Department of Epidemiology (N.R.P.) Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore.

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for ***:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

关键词： funding burden relation

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemoembolization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第25期16卷 3161-3167页

作者： Johnathan c chung Neel K Naik robert J Lewandowski Mary F Mulcahy Laura M Kulik Kent T Sato robert K Ryu Riad Salem Andrew c Larson Reed A Omary Department of Radiology North-western University Chicago IL 60611 United States clinical Sciences Research Division Gastrointestinal Oncology Program Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 United StatesMary F Mulcahy Department of Medicine Division of Hema-tology and Oncology Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chi-cago IL 60611 United States Department of Hepatology Northwestern Uni-versity Chicago IL 60611 United States Reed A Omary Department of Biomedi-cal Engineering Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 United States

AIM: To investigate whether intra-procedural diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging can predict response of hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) during trans- catheter arterial chemoembolization (TAcE). METHODS: Sixteen patients (15 male), aged 59 ±11 years (range: 42-81 years) underwent a total of 21 separate treatments for unresectable Hcc in a hybrid magnetic resonance/interventional radiology suite. Ana- tomical imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 0, 500 s/mm2) were performed on a 1.5-T unit. Tumor enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADc, mm2/s) values were assessed immediately before and at 1 and 3 mo after TAcE. We calculated the percent change (Pc) in ADc values at all time points. We compared follow-up ADc values to baseline values using a paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The intra-procedural sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (%) for detecting a complete or partial 1-mo tumor response using ADc Pc thresholds of ±5%, ±10%, and ±15% were 77, 67, 91, and 40; 54, 67, 88, and 25; and 46, 100, 100, and 30, respectively. There was no clear predictive value for the 3-mo follow-up. compared to baseline, the immediate post-procedure and 1-mo mean ADc values both increased; the latter obtaining statistical significance (1.48 ± 0.29 mm2/s vs 1.65 ± 0.35 × 10-3 mm2/s, P cONcLUSION: Intra-procedural ADc changes of > 15% predicted 1-mo anatomical Hcc response with the greatest accuracy, and can provide valuable feedback at the time of TAcE.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Diffusion-weighted imaging Apparent diffusion coefficient Functional imaging biomarker

On deaf ears, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in pathogenesis crohn's and other diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第48期21卷 13411-13417页

作者： William c.davis Department Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State University

The historic suggestion that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map) might be a zoonotic pathogen was based on the apparent similarity of lesions in the intestine of patients with crohn's disease(cD) with those present in cattle infected with Map, the etiological agent of Johne's disease. Reluctance to fully explore this possibility has been attributed to the difficulty in demonstrating the presence of Map in tissues from patients with cD. Advances in technology have resolved this problem and revealed the presence of Map in a significant proportion of patients with cD and other diseases. The seminal finding from recent investigations, however, is the detection of Map in healthy individuals with no clinical signs of disease. The latter observation indicates all humans are susceptible to infection with Map and lends support to the thesis that Map is zoonotic, with a latent stage of infection similar to tuberculosis, where infection leads to the development of an immune response that controls but does not eliminate the pathogen. This clarifies one of the reasons why it has been so difficult to document that Map is zoonotic and associated with the pathogenesis of cD and other diseases. As discussed in the present review, a better understanding of the immune response to Map is needed to determine how infection is usually kept under immune control during the latent stage of infection and elucidate the triggering events that lead to disease progression in the natural host and pathogenesis of cD and immune related diseases in humans.

关键词： crohn's disease Johne's disease Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis Animal model Monoclonalantibodies Flow cytometry cytokines

Effective teaching of endoscopy:a qualitative study of the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 125-130,I0002页

作者： Daniel J.Zanchetti Samuel A.Schueler Brian c.Jacobson robert c.Lowe Boston University Medical center BostonMAUSA

Background:There is little information describing the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists of what constitutes effective teaching of *** sought to identify common themes regarding endoscopy training methods and their impact among fellows and ***:Focus group exercises and surveys were conducted among fellows,about educational resources,teaching techniques and ways of improving the teaching of *** fellows identified the‘best’teachers of endoscopy,who were interviewed regarding their training in endoscopy,their teaching methods,key points of information,and opinions on endoscopy ***:Nineteen fellows(68%)had attended the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy First Year Fellows’Endoscopy course and found it very *** fellows(46%)had exposure to an endoscopy simulator,but their median duration of use was only 1 *** two out of five fellowship programs used a formal endoscopic skill assessment tool and none of the programs had an endoscopy curriculum of which the fellows were *** reported that they learned endoscopy best by performing *** also volunteered that attending gastroenterologists used variable teaching methods,and might benefit from instruction on how to teach *** attending gastroenterologists(77%)had received training in advanced procedures;none received formal training on teaching endoscopy:they all felt that such training would be ***:A standardized endoscopy curriculum may be beneficial to fellows,who prefer to learn endoscopy by performing procedures—but they want explicit and specific *** those attending and the fellows thought that formal instruction for attending gastroenterologists on how to teach endoscopy would be beneficial,indicating a role for a‘teachthe-teacher’curriculum.

关键词： endoscopy curriculum teaching endoscopy gastroenterology fellowship training

characteristics of aggregated chondrules and reclassification of Boxian meteorites

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chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 118-120页

作者： John c. Bridges robert Hutchison Department of Mineralogy Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK

cHONDRULES are the major constituent of chondrites, but the nature of their origin remains elusive. Models based on nebular settings have attracted much support since Wood suggested that they formed there ascondensates. Subsequently, the melting of dust in the nebula has been widely invoked. Recently,however, models suggesting that chondrules formed in parent body regoliths have been revived, couldhelp to explain the coexistence of chondrules with chemically differentiated clasts The Boxian meteorite is a fall and was originally described as L4. The widely quoted classification of the chondrite is LL4. In this study, 362 chondrules were separated from the Boxian meteorite,and were measured for their grain sizes, masses and morphologies. 101 of these chondrules were successfully split and parts of them made into polished blocks; the remaining segments were individually set asidefor future oxygen isotopic analyses. Mineralogical investigation of the 101 chondrules was performed

关键词： characteristics reclassification Boxian meteorites.

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国际糖尿病足工作组:指南的制定和方法学(2023)——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防与管理指南(2023)》的一部分

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 72-79页

作者： Sicco A.Bus Matilde Monteiro-Soares Fran Game Jaap J.van Netten Jan Apelqvist robert Fitridge Eric Senneville Nicolaas c.Schaper on behalf of the IWGDF Editorial Board 朱虹何洁(译) 刘芳(审校) Amsterdam UMc University of AmsterdamDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences program Rehabilitation&DevelopmentAmsterdamthe Netherlands Higher School of Health of the Portuguese Red cross LisbonPortugal Department of community Medicine Information and Health Decision Sciences(MEDCIDS)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal RISE@cINTESIS Faculty of MedicineOporto UniversityPortoPortugal Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyUK Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of MalmöSweden Discipline of Surgery The University of Adelaide and Vascular and Endovascular ServiceRoyal Adelaide HospitalAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron HospitalTourcoingFrance Division of Endocrinology MUMC+CARIM and CAPHRI InstituteMaastrichtthe Netherlands 不详温州医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科浙江温州325000 上海交通大学医学院附属第一医院内分泌代谢科上海200080

糖尿病相关的足病是造成糖尿病患者经济负担和增加社会成本的主要原因之一。本指南以主要目标为导向,以循证医学为依据,且在全球得到合理实施。践行国际糖尿病相关的足病指南对于减轻患者经济负担和社会成本有着重要影响。国际糖尿病足... 详细信息

糖尿病相关的足病是造成糖尿病患者经济负担和增加社会成本的主要原因之一。本指南以主要目标为导向,以循证医学为依据,且在全球得到合理实施。践行国际糖尿病相关的足病指南对于减轻患者经济负担和社会成本有着重要影响。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)从1999年起开始发布并随后更新国际指南。2023年更新版指南相关推荐均基于推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(GRADE)系统,包括制定相关临床问题和重要结局,完成系统的文献系统综述和荟萃分析,完成评判表汇总,并且给予具体、明确、操作性强的推荐以及理论依据。本文阐述了《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防和管理指南(2023版)》(以下简称为指南)的制定过程。指南由7个部分组成,包括预防、糖尿病相关的足溃疡分类、减压、周围动脉病变、感染、创面愈合干预以及活动性夏科神经骨关节病,分别由7个独立的国际专家工作组编写。IWGDF编辑委员会对7个章节进行了整合和简化,形成IWGDF实践指南。指南中的每条推荐均经过IWGDF编辑委员会成员和相关领域的独立的国际专家审阅通过。本文是IWGDF指南的制定和方法学。我们相信,医务人员、公共卫生机构和政策制定者采用和实施2023年IWGDF指南,将会改善糖尿病相关的足病的预防和管理水平,从而减少全球该疾病患者和减轻该疾病引起的全球社会负担。

关键词：指南糖尿病糖尿病相关的足病方法学国际糖尿病足工作组

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Sequential piezoresponse force microscopy and the‘small-data’problem

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npj computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 419-425页

作者： Harsh Trivedi Vladimir V.Shvartsman Marco S.A.Medeiros robert c.Pullar Doru c.Lupascu Institute for Materials Science and center for Nanointegration Duis order ferroic switching induced by sburg-Essen(cENIDE) University of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany cIcEcO–Aveiro Institute of Materials University of AveiroAveiroPortugal Department of Materials and ceramic Engineering University of AveiroAveiroPortugal

The term big-data in the context of materials science not only stands for the volume,but also for the heterogeneous nature of the characterization *** is a common problem in combinatorial searches in materials science,as well as ***,these data-sets may well be‘small’in terms of limited step-size of the measurement *** to this limitation,application of higher-order statistics is not effective,and the choice of a suitable unsupervised learning method is restricted to those utilizing lower-order *** an interesting case study,we present here variable magnetic-field Piezoresponse Force Microscopy(PFM)study of composite multiferroics,where due to experimental limitations the magnetic field dependence of piezoresponse is registered with a coarse *** efficient extraction of this dependence,which corresponds to the local magnetoelectric effect,forms the central problem of this *** evaluate the performance of Principal component Analysis(PcA)as a simple unsupervised learning technique,by pre-labeling possible patterns in the data using Density Based clustering(DBScAN).Based on this combinational analysis,we highlight how PcA using non-central second-moment can be useful in such cases for extracting information about the local material response and the corresponding spatial distribution.

关键词： DBScAN problem utilizing