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Impact of carbon-based nutrient enhancement on biofiltration performance for drinking water treatment

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 124-131页

作者： Yu Zhao Liz Taylor-Edmonds robert c.Andrews Department of civil and Mineral Engineering University of Toronto

Incorporation of a carbon-based nutrient enhancementstrategy for drinking water biofiltration is an attractive option, especially for source waters which contain recalcitrant organics. This study compared biofilters that were operated in parallel and individually enhanced with amino acids(including alanine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), inulin, and sucrose to increase biomass concentration and promote biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOc) in the source water, including disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors. Biomass activity was characterized by measuring adenosine tri-phosphate(ATP), dissolved oxygen(DO) consumption, and through the use of laccase and esterase enzyme assays. Performance was evaluated in terms of headloss,turbidity, p H, DOc, UV254, and DBP formation potential(DBP FP). The introduction of carbonbased nutrients significantly increased biomass activity, where ATP values peaked at 976 ng/g of filter media, 853 ng/g, and 513 ng/g for amino acids, inulin, and sucrose-spiked biofilters,respectively, while a non-spiked control only reached 104 ng/g. DO utilization by the enhanced biofilters was significantly higher than the control, with a strong correlation between ATP and DO uptake observed for all filters(R^2> 0.74). Laccase and esterase enzyme activities of enhanced biofilters were also elevated(p > 0.05), suggesting greater biodegradation potential. Operational parameters such as headloss development and turbidity control were not impaired by carbon supplementation strategies or an increase in biomass concentration and activity. However, the enhancement strategy did not provide improvement in terms of source water carbon removal(DOc and UV254) or DBP FP when treated filters were compared to a control.

关键词： Biological filtration carbon enhancement Biomass Disinfection by-products Dissolved organic carbon

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comparison of three-dimensional fluorescence analysis methods for predicting formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 159-167页

作者： Nicolás M.Peleato robert c.Andrews Department of civil Engineering University of Toronto

This work investigated the application of several fluorescence excitation–emission matrix analysis methods as natural organic matter（NOM） indicators for use in predicting the formation of trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids（HAAs）. Waters from four different sources（two rivers and two lakes） were subjected to jar testing followed by 24 hr disinfection by-product formation tests using chlorine. NOM was quantified using three common measures： dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, and specific ultraviolet absorbance as well as by principal component analysis, peak picking,and parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra. Based on multi-linear modeling of THMs and HAAs, principle component（Pc） scores resulted in the lowest mean squared prediction error of cross-folded test sets（THMs： 43.7（μg/L）^2, HAAs： 233.3（μg/L）^2）. Inclusion of principle components representative of protein-like material significantly decreased prediction error for both THMs and HAAs. Parallel factor analysis did not identify a protein-like component and resulted in prediction errors similar to traditional NOM surrogates as well as fluorescence peak picking. These results support the value of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix–principal component analysis as a suitable NOM indicator in predicting the formation of THMs and HAAs for the water sources studied.

关键词： Natural organic matter Fluorescence Principal component analysis PARAFAc Disinfection byproducts Drinking water

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Power System Applications: An Overview

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第1期6卷 213-225页

作者： Zidong Zhang Dongxia Zhang robert c.Qiu Research center For Big Data Engineering And Technologies Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN 38505USA china Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China

Due to increasing complexity, uncertainty and data dimensions in power systems, conventional methods often meet bottlenecks when attempting to solve decision and control prob- lems. Therefore, data-driven methods toward solving such prob- lems are being extensively studied. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is one of these data-driven methods and is regarded as real artificial intelligence (AI). DRL is a combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL). This field of research has been applied to solve a wide range of complex sequential decision-making problems, including those in power systems. This paper firstly reviews the basic ideas, models, algorithms and techniques of DRL. Applications in power systems such as energy management, demand response, electricity market, operational control, and others are then considered. In addition, recent advances in DRL including the combination of RL with other classical methods, and the prospect and challenges of applications in power systems are also discussed.

关键词： Artificial intelligence deep reinforcement learning machine learning power system smart grids

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Osteopontin: a leading candidate adhesion molecule for implantation in pigs and sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 177-190页

作者： Greg A Johnson robert c Burghardt Fuller W Bazer Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Osteopontin （OPN; also known as Secreted Phosphoprotein 1, SPP1） is a secreted extra-cellular matrix （EcM） protein that binds to a variety of cell surface integrins to stimulate cell-cell and cell-EcM adhesion and communication. It is generally accepted that OPN interacts with apically expressed integrin receptors on the uterine luminal epithelium （LE） and conceptus trophectoderm to attach the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. Research conducted with pigs and sheep has significantly advanced understanding of the role（s） of OPN during implantation through exploitation of the prolonged peri-implantation period of pregnancy when elongating conceptuses are free within the uterine lumen requiring extensive paracrine signaling between conceptus and endometrium. This is followed by a protracted and incremental attachment cascade of trophectoderm to uterine LE during implantation, and development of a true epitheliochorial or synepitheliochorial placenta exhibited by pigs and sheep, respectively. In pigs, implanting conceptuses secrete estrogens which induce the synthesis and secretion of OPN in adjacent uterine LE. OPN then binds to αvβ6 integrin receptors on trophectoderm, and the αvβ3 integrin receptors on uterine LE to bridge conceptus attachment to uterine LE for implantation. In sheep, implanting conceptuses secrete interferon tau that prolongs the lifespan of cL. Progesterone released by cL then induces OPN synthesis and secretion from the endometrial GE into the uterine lumen where OPN binds integrins expressed on trophectoderm （αvβ3） and uterine LE （identity of specific integrins unknown） to adhere the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. OPN binding to the αvβ3 integrin receptor on ovine trophectoderm cells induces in vitro focal adhesion assembly, a prerequisite for adhesion and migration of trophectoderm, through activation of： 1） P70S6K via crosstalk between FRAP1/MTOR and MAPK pathways; 2） MTOR, PI3K, MAPK3/MAPK1 （Erk1/2） and MAPK14 （p38） signalin

关键词： Implantation Integrins Psteoponti Pigs Sheep

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The Great coronavirus Pandemic of 2019−2021:the Future and the Requirement for china-America cooperation

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china cDc weekly 2021年第7期3卷 136-137页

作者： robert c.Gallo Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA Global Virus Network(GVN)

Over the past century,the great pandemics and most epidemics(defined as virus presence and disease induction presenting more than the expected number of infections in a population)were caused by the sudden outbreak of an RNA virus such as the pandemics of influenza,polio,and HIV/AIDS and the epidemics of influenza,Ebola,Dengue,Zika,West Nile,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),and *** course,there are other infections that remain endemic problems in parts of the world.

关键词： respiratory acute epidemic

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Automated assessment of transthoracic echocardiogram image quality using deep neural networks

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Intelligent Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 191-199页

作者： robert B.Labs Apostolos Vrettos Jonathan Loo Massoud Zolgharni School of computing and Engineering University of West LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Imperial college HealthcareNHS TrustUnited Kingdom

Background Standard views in two-dimensional echocardiography are well established but the qualities of acquired images are highly dependent on operator skills and are assessed *** study was aimed at providing an objective assessment pipeline for echocardiogram image quality by defining a new set of domain-specific quality ***,image quality assessment can thus be automated to enhance clinical measurements,interpretation,and real-time *** We developed deep neural networks for the automated assessment of echocardiographic frames that were randomly sampled from 11,262 adult *** private echocardiography dataset consists of 33,784 frames,previously acquired between 2010 and *** non-medical images where full-reference metrics can be applied for image quality,echocardiogram's data are highly heterogeneous and requires blind-reference(IQA)***,deep learning approaches were used to extract the spatiotemporal features and the image's quality indicators were evaluated against the mean absolute *** quality indicators encapsulate both anatomical and pathological elements to provide multivariate assessment scores for anatomical visibility,clarity,depth-gain and *** The model performance accuracy yielded 94.4%,96.8%,96.2%,97.4%for anatomical visibility,clarity,depth-gain and foreshortedness,*** mean model error of 0.375±0.0052 with computational speed of 2.52 ms per frame(real-time performance)was *** The novel approach offers new insight to the objective assessment of transthoracic echocardiogram image quality and clinical quantification in A4c and PLAX *** also lays stronger foundations for the operator's guidance system which can leverage the learning curve for the acquisition of optimum quality images during the transthoracic examination.

关键词： Image quality Echocardiography Objective assessment Deep learning Ultrasound

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How can the forest sector mitigate climate change in a changing climate? case studies of boreal and northern temperate forests in eastern canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 267-287页

作者： Lucas Moreau Evelyne Thiffault Dominic cyr Yan Boulanger robert Beauregard Departement des sciences du bois et de la foret Universite LavalQuebecCanada Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change CanadaGatineauCanada Laurentian Forestry centre Natural Resources CanadaQuebecCanada

Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such *** aim of this study was to assess and compare the cumulative effects on carbon dynamics of forest management and climate change on boreal and northern temperate forest sector in eastern canada for the 2020–2100 ***:We used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS-II and its extension Forest carbon Suc-cession,in conjunction with the carbon Budget Model for Harvested Wood Products *** simulated the dynamics of forest composition and carbon flows from forest ecosystems to wood products and their substitution effect on markets under increasing climate forcing,according to a tonne-year *** were con-ducted for a series of forest management scenarios based on realistic practices principally by clearcut in the boreal territory and continuous-cover forestry in the northern temperate *** scenarios included:i)a business-as-usual scenario(BaU),representing the current management strategy,ii)increased harvesting by 6.3%to 13.9%,iii)increased conservation(*** harvesting by 11.1%to 49.8%),iiii)and a scenario representing the natural evolution of the forest landscape(*** any management activity).Results:Our study revealed that increasing harvesting levels had contrasting effects on the mitigation potential in northern temperate(enhance net sequestration)and boreal forest sector(enhance net emissions)in comparison to the BaU from 2040 onwards,regardless of the future *** storage in wood products and the substi-tution effect were not sufficient to offset carbon emissions from ***,climate change had a strong impact on the capacity of both landscapes to act as carbon *** temperate landscapes became a net source of carbon over time due to their greater vulnerability to climate change than boreal landsc

关键词： climate change carbon Forest sector Forest management Boreal landscapes Northern temperate landscape Mitigation potential

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ETH-GQS: An estimation of geoid-to-quasigeoid separation over Ethiopia

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 31-37页

作者： Ephrem Y.Belay Walyeldeen Godah Malgorzata Szelachowska robert Tenzer Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia centre of Geodesy and Geodynamics Institute of Geodesy and Cartography(IGiK)WarsawPoland Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The determination of accurate orthometric or normal heights remains one of the main challenges for the geodetic community in *** heights are required for geodetic and geodynamic scientific research as well as for extensive engineering *** main objective of this study is to estimate the geoid-to-quasi geoid separation(GQS)in Ethiopia(ETH-GQS).Such separation would be required for the conversion between geoid and quasigeoid models,which is mandatory for the determination of accurate geodetic heights in mountain *** airborne free-air gravity anomalies and the topo-graphic information retrieved from the SRTM3(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of a spatial resolution 3 arc-second)digital elevation model were used to compute the ETH-GQS model according to the Sjoberg's strict formula for the geoid-to-quasigeoid *** ETH-GQS was then validated using GNSS-levelling data as well as geoid heights determined from different Global Geopotential Models(GGMs),namely the EGM2008,EIGEN-6c4 and *** results reveal that the standard deviation of differences between the geoid heights obtained from the EIGEN-6c4 model and the geometric geoid heights obtained from GNSS-levelling data were improved by~75%(***~24 to~6 cm)when considering GQS values obtained from the ETH-GQS.

关键词： Geoid-to-quasigeoid separation GNSS-Levelling Ethiopian vertical control network Orthometric and normal heights Airborne gravity data

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Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness costs in response to partial freezing

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy c. Morey robert c. Venette William D. Hutchison Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USDA. Forest Service Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often dictate the bounds to species' distributions. However, population dynamics at, or near, those range limits may also be affected by sublethal effects. We exposed late instars and pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to cold temperatures and measured the effects of exposure on subsequent survivorship, development, and reproduction. cold temperature was applied as acute exposure to -10 °c (a low, but not immediately lethal temperature for this species) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the supercooling point exotherm). Survival was defined as the ability to successfully eclose as an adult. We measured immature development times, pupal mass, and adult longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Additionally, surviving insects were mated with individuals that had not been exposed to cold to measure fertility. There was no difference between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived acute exposure to -10 °c and those exposed to the control temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and 8% of pupae survived brief periods with internal ice formation and continued development to become reproductively viable adults. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing came with significant fitness costs but not to exposure to -10 °c;most insects that survived partial freezing had lower fertility and shorter adult lifespans than either the -10 °c or control group. These results are discussed within the context of forecasting invasive in sect distributions.

关键词： fertility invasive species partial freeze tolerance supercooling point

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Therapeutic anticoagulation for splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis: A national survey and case-vignette study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第21期29卷 3328-3340页

作者： Noor J Sissingh Jesse V Groen Hester c Timmerhuis Marc G Besselink Bas Boekestijn Thomas L Bollen Bert A Bonsing Frederikus A Klok Hjalmar c van Santvoort robert c Verdonk casper H J van Eijck Jeanin E van Hooft Jan Sven D Mieog Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CentreLeiden 2333 ZANetherlands Department of Research and Development St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3420 EMNetherlands Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical CentreLeiden 2333 ZANetherlands Department of Surgery St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3420 EMNetherlands Department of Surgery Amsterdam UMCLocation University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081 HZNetherlands Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Amsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical CentreLeiden 2333 ZANetherlands Department of Radiology St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3420 EMNetherlands Department of Medicine-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Leiden University Medical CentreLeiden 2333 ZANetherlands Department of Surgery University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtUtrecht 3584 CXNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3420 EMNetherlands Department of Surgery Erasmus Medical CentreRotterdam 3015 GDNetherlands

BAcKGROUND Splanchnic vein thrombosis(SVT)is a major complication of moderate and severe acute *** is no consensus on whether therapeutic anticoagulation should be started in patients with acute pancreatitis and *** To gain insight into current opinions and clinical decision making of pancreatologists regarding SVT in acute *** A total of 139 pancreatologists of the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group and Dutch Pancreatic cancer Group were approached to complete an online survey and case vignette *** threshold to assume group agreement was set at 75%.RESULTS The response rate was 67%(n=93).Seventy-one pancreatologists(77%)regularly prescribed therapeutic anticoagulation in case of SVT,and 12 pancreatologists(13%)for narrowing of splanchnic vein *** most common reason to treat SVT was to avoid complications(87%).Acute thrombosis was the most important factor to prescribe therapeutic anticoagulation(90%).Portal vein thrombosis was chosen as the most preferred location to initiate therapeutic anticoagulation(76%)and splenic vein thrombosis as the least preferred location(86%).The preferred initial agent was low molecular weight heparin(LMWH;87%).In the case vignettes,therapeutic anticoagulation was prescribed for acute portal vein thrombosis,with or without suspected infected necrosis(82%and 90%),and thrombus progression(88%).Agreement was lacking regarding the selection and duration of long-term anticoagulation,the indication for thrombophilia testing and upper endoscopy,and about whether risk of bleeding is a major barrier for therapeutic *** In this national survey,the pancreatologists seemed to agree on the use of therapeutic anticoagulation,using LMWH in the acute phase,for acute portal thrombosis and in the case of thrombus progression,irrespective of the presence of infected necrosis.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Splanchnic vein thrombosis Therapeutic anticoagulation Bleeding Recanalization Outcomes

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