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Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis:a narrative review

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第1期6卷 21-28,I0001页

作者： Roy J.Hopkins robert b.Wilson Department of Upper GI Surgery Liverpool HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in *** high-income countries,*** is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized *** incidence of *** infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for *** infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and *** 20%and 35%of patients with *** infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second *** of *** infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care *** this article,current treatments for recurrent *** infection are reviewed and future directions *** include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.

关键词： Clostridium difficile recurrent infection faecal microbiota transplant anion-binding resins monoclonal antibodies secondary bile acid

A Simple Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach for Epitaxial Submonolayer Growth

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第4期3卷 822-833页

作者： robert Deak Zoltan Neda Peter b.barna Eotvos Lor and University Department of Materials ScienceH-1117 BudapestHungary babe¸s-bolyai University Department of Theoretical and Computational PhysicsCluj-NapocaRO-400084Romania Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science H-1525BudapestP.O box 49Hungary

Two-component submonolayer growth on triangular lattice is qualitatively studied by kinetic Monte Carlo *** hopping barrier governing surface diffusion of the atoms is estimated using pair interaction *** degrees of freedoms enhancing the surface diffusion of atoms are also *** main advantages of the presented technique are the reduced number of free parameters and the clear diffusion activated mechanism for the segregation of different types of *** potential of this method is exemplified by reproducing(i)phase-boundary creation and dynamics related to vacancies and stacking faults;(ii)a special co-deposition and segregation process where the segregated atoms of the second component surround the islands formed by the first type of atoms.

关键词： Submonolayer epitaxial growth kinetic Monte Carlo pattern formation twocomponent systems segregation.

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta burak James Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam bobby V Dasari Keith J roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C bartlett robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

bACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

Surface-bound myeloperoxidase is a ligand for recognition of late apoptotic neutrophils by human lung surfactant proteins A and D

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 563-572页

作者： Anne Jäkel Howard Clark Kenneth b.M.Reid robert b.Sim Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK University of Southampton School of MedicineDivision of Infection Inflammation&ImmunitySouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and *** in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct ***-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-*** surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target ***(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and *** confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic ***-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic *** microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic *** was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins.

关键词： SP-A SP-D myeloperoxidase neutrophils flow cytometry mass spectrometry

Update in management of mesenteric ischemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3243-3247页

作者： robert W Chang John b Chang Walter E Longo Professor Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine333 Cedar StreetNew Haven 06510United States

Mesenteric ischemia disorders are precipitated by a circulation insufficiency event that deprives one or several abdominal organs of adequate respiration to meet metabolic demands. Although mesenteric ischemia occurs infrequently, the mortality rate is from 60% to 100%, depending on the source of obstruction. The successful outcome is dependent upon a high index of suspicion and prompt management. We briefly review the pathophysiology and presentation of the various ischemic entities and review the current state of the art in diagnosis and treatment. Despite advances in both diagnosis and treatment, prompt diagnosis and supportive care remain critical for successful outcome. New imaging techniques, endovascular therapy and emerging research may improve our approach to this deadly condition.

关键词： Mesenteric ischemia Duplex ultrasonography Plasma D-dimer Computed tomography

Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 115-129页

作者： robert Faomowe Foko Awa Ndong Marius Kedote Fatoumata bah Absa Lam Cheikh Diop Aminata Toure Mathilde Cabral Mamadou Fall Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’ Hydrologie Facult&#233 de M&#233decine Pharmacie et Odontostomalogie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Unité Mixte de Recherche d&#8217Exploration et de Diagnostic Unit&#233 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Iba Der Thiam de Thi&#232s Thi&#232s S&#233n&#233gal Institut Ré gional de Sant&#233 Publique Universit&#233 d&#8217Abomey-Calavi Ouidah B&#233nin

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

关键词： E-Waste Informal Work Living Arrangements Health Perception Occupational Exposure

Observing dynamic oscillatory behavior of triple points among black hole thermodynamic phase transitions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第7期64卷 66-71页

作者： Shao-Wen Wei Yong-Qiang Wang Yu-Xiao Liu robert b.Mann Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Theoretical Physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooN2L 3G1Canada

Understanding the dynamic process of black hole thermodynamic phase transitions at a triple point is a huge challenge. In this paper, we conduct the first investigation of dynamic phase behavior at a black hole triple point. by numerically solving the Smoluchowski equation near the triple point for a six-dimensional charged Gauss-bonnet anti-de Sitter black hole, we report that initial small, intermediate, or large black holes can transit to the other two coexistent phases at the triple point, indicating that thermodynamic phase transitions can indeed occur dynamically. More significantly, we observe characteristic weak and strong oscillatory behavior in this dynamic process, which can be understood from an investigation of the rate of first passage from one phase to another. Our results further an understanding of the dynamic process of black hole thermodynamic phase transitions.

关键词： classical black hole thermodynamics phase transition Smoluchowski equation first passage time

Compliance in patients with dietary hyperoxaluria: A cohort study and systematic review

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第2期6卷 200-207页

作者： Derek b.Hennessey Ned Kinnear Gilbert rice David Curry Siobhan Woolsey brian Duggan Department of Urology Belfast City HospitalBelfastUnited Kingdom Department of Urology Austin HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Urology Ulster HospitalBelfastUnited Kingdom

Objective:Hyperoxaluria leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and subsequent *** study aims to analyse the effect of treatment compliance in hyperoxaluria,firstly by analysis of patients with non-primary hyperoxaluria and secondly via systematic review in patients with any ***:In a retrospective cohort study,adults with non-primary hyperoxaluria managed with dietary counselling in 2013 were ***-four-hour(24 h)urine collections initially and at 6 months were *** was assessed by self-reported dietary compliance and 24 h urinary volume>2 *** were followed for 24 *** outcomes were urinary oxalate and calcium 24 h load at 6 months,and urolithiasis-related procedural rates at 24 months.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)-compatible systematic review of compliance among hyperoxaluric patients was ***:In the cohort study,of 19 eligible patients(4 female)with median age 52 years,10(53%)were considered *** with the non-compliant group,these patients had significantly increased subsequent 24 h urinary volume(2250 mL vs.1600 mL;p=0.008)and lower procedural rates(10%vs.56%;p=0.033).Subsequent 24 h urinary oxalate load was nonsignificantly lower in compliant *** review regarding compliance in hyperoxaluric patients revealed five *** one utilised dietary counselling or analysed compliant ***-compliant patients,finding no *** examined the effect of compliance on procedural rates.

关键词： Hyperoxaluria Urolithiasis Recurrent stone former Metabolic stone disease

Developmental transcription factors in age-related CNS disease: a phoenix rising from the ashes?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 64-65页

作者： robert b.White Meghan G.Thomas School of Anatomy Physiology & Human Biology The University of Western Australia Parkinson’s Centre School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience School of Animal BiologyThe University of Western Australia

Few would doubt that understanding the developmental landscape from which a mature neuron is derived is essential to understand its *** temporal and spatial position of a cell from the very earliest stages of developm... 详细信息

关键词： landscape earliest mature doubt exposed developmental substantia nigra hydroxylase dopamine