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Extreme events a. ecosystems drivers： Ecologica. consequences of a.oma.ous Southern Hemisphere wea.her pa.terns during the 2001/2002 a.stra. spring-summer

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a.va.ces in Pola. Science 2018年第3期29卷 190-204页

作者： Da.a.M. BERGSTROM Eric J. WOEHLER a.drew R. KLEKOCIUK Micha.l J. POOK robert a. massom a.stra.ia. a.ta.ctic Division Department of the Environment and Energy 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia School of Zoology Private Bag 55 University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia a.ta.ctic Clima.e a.d Ecosystems Coopera.ive Resea.ch Centre Private Bag 80 University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia CSIRO Ocea.s a.d a.mosphere Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia

The frequency a.d severity of extreme events a.socia.ed with globa. cha.ge a.e both foreca.t to increa.e with a.concomita.t increa.e expected in perturba.ions a.d disruptions of funda.enta. processes a. ecosystem, community a.d popula.ion sca.es, with potentia.ly ca.a.trophic consequences. Extreme events should thus be viewed a. ecosystem drivers, ra.her tha. a. short term devia.ions from a.perceived ＇norm＇. To illustra.e this, we exa.ined the impa.ts a.socia.ed with the extra.rdina.y wea.her pa.tern of the a.stra. spring/summer of 2001/2002, a.d find tha. pa.terns of ocea.-a.mosphere intera.tions a.pea. linked to a.suite of extreme events in a.ta.ctica.a.d more widely a.ross the Southern Hemisphere. In the a.ta.ctic, the extreme events a.pea. rela.ed to pa.ticula. ecologica. impa.ts, including the substa.tia. reduction in breeding success of a.e1ie penguins a. sites in the a.ta.ctic Peninsula.a. well a. for a.elie penguin a.d snow petrel colonies in Ea.t a.ta.ctica. a.d the crea.ion of new benthic ha.ita.s a.socia.ed with the disintegra.ion of the La.sen B Ice Shelf. Other ma.or impa.ts occurred in ma.ine a.d terrestria. ecosystems a. tempera.e a.d tropica. la.itudes. The suite of impa.ts demonstra.es tha. ecologica. consequences of extreme events a.e ma.ifested a. funda.enta. levels in ecosystem processes a.d produce long-term, persistent effects rela.ive to the short-term dura.ions of the events. Cha.ges in the ra.es of prima.y productivity, species morta.ity, community structure a.d inter-specific intera.tions, a.d cha.ges in trophodyna.ics were observed a. a.consequence of the conditions during the 2001/2002 summer. La.ting potentia. consequences include rea.hing or exceeding tipping points, trophic ca.ca.es a.d regime shifts.

关键词： a.ta.ctica a.mospheric pressure a.oma.ies ecosystem processes a.d drivers tipping points trophicca.ca.es regime shifts

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Predicting the coefficient of friction in a.sliding conta.t by a.plying ma.hine lea.ning to a.oustic emission da.a

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert GUTIERREZ Tia.shi Fa.G robert Ma.NWa.ING Tom REDDYHOFF Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Globa. Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell Interna.iona. Petroleum Compa.y Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increa.ingly importa.t to monitor sliding interfa.es within ma.hines,since this is where both energy is lost,a.d fa.lures *** emission(a.)techniques offer a.wa. to monitor conta.ts remotely without requiring tra.spa.ent or electrica.ly conductive ***,a.oustic da.a.from sliding conta.ts is notoriously complex a.d difficult to ***,we simulta.eously mea.ure coefficient of friction(with a.conventiona. force tra.sducer)a.d a.oustic emission(with a.piezoelectric sensor a.d high a.quisition ra.e digitizer)produced by a.steel‒steel rubbing *** da.a.is then used to tra.n ma.hine lea.ning(ML)a.gorithms(e.g.,Ga.ssia. process regression(GPR)a.d support vector ma.hine(SVM))to correla.ed a.oustic emission with *** tra.ning requires the dense a. da.a.to first be reduced in size a.d a.ra.ge of processing techniques a.e a.sessed for this(e.g.,down-sa.pling,a.era.ing,fa.t Fourier tra.sforms(FFTs),histogra.s).Next,fresh,unseen a. da.a.is given to the tra.ned model a.d the resulting friction predictions a.e compa.ed with the directly mea.ured *** is excellent a.reement between the mea.ured a.d predicted friction when the GPR model is used on a. histogra. da.a.with root mea. squa.e(RMS)errors a. low a. 0.03 a.d Pea.son correla.ion coefficients rea.hing ***,predictions rema.n a.cura.e despite cha.ges in test conditions such a. norma. loa.,reciproca.ing frequency,a.d stroke *** pa.es the wa. for remote,a.oustic mea.urements of friction in ina.cessible loca.ions within ma.hinery to increa.e mecha.ica. efficiency a.d a.oid costly fa.lure/needless ma.ntena.ce.

关键词： a.oustic emission condition monitoring friction ma.hine lea.ning Ga.ssia. process regression support vector ma.hine

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Necrotic enteritis a.d a.tibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Cha.lenges in testing a.d using a.terna.ive products

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a.ima. Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert J.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The globa. trend towa.ds ra.sing broiler chickens without the use of in-feed a.tibiotics(IFa.) mea.s tha. there is a. ongoing need to develop a.terna.ive trea.ments ca.a.le of delivering the benefits tha. IFa. previously provided. IFa. supported the productivity performa.ce of chickens a.d pla.ed a.key role in ma.nta.ning their hea.th. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is a. importa.t disea.e of broilers tha. a.fects hea.th,productivity, a.d welfa.e, a.d wa. previously well controlled by IFa.. However, with the reduction in IFa.use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Va.cines a.d va.ious feed a.ditives, including pre-, pro-, a.d postbiotics, phytobiotics, fa.ty a.ids, a.d pha.e thera.ies ha.e been introduced a. a.terna.ive methods of NE control. While some of these feed a.ditives ha.e specific a.tivity a.a.nst the NE pa.hogen, Clostridium perfringens, most ha.e the more genera. goa. of reinforcing gut hea.th. Extensive reviews of the effects of ma.y of these feed a.ditives on gut hea.th ha.e been published recently. Hence, ra.her tha. cover previously well reviewed a.ea. of resea.ch this review focuses on the cha.lenges a.d pitfa.ls in underta.ing experimenta. a.sessment of a.terna.ive NE trea.ments a.d tra.sla.ing la.ora.ory resea.ch to rea. world commercia. production settings. The review is ba.ed on the a.thor's pa.ticula. experience,rea.ing, thoughts, a.d a.a.ysis of the a.a.la.le informa.ion a.d inevita.ly presents a.pa.ticula. understa.ding tha. is likely to be a. odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forwa.d to stimula.e thinking a.d discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Va.cines Feed a.ditive Fa.m ma.a.ement

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a.deta.led rock density model of the Hong Kong territories

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Geodesy a.d Geodyna.ics 2024年第1期15卷 75-81页

作者： a.bertini Nsia. a.a.io robert Tenzer Depa.tment of La.d Surveying a.d Geo-Informa.ics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We used the geologica. ma. a.d published rock density mea.urements to compile the digita. rock density model for the Hong Kong *** then estima.ed the a.era.e density for the whole *** to our result,the rock density va.ues in Hong Kong va.y from 2101 to 2681 kg·m^(-3).These density va.ues a.e typica.ly sma.ler tha. the a.era.e density of 2670 kg·m^(-3),often a.opted to represent the a.era.e density of the upper continenta. crust in physica. geodesy a.d gra.imetric geophysics *** finding reflects tha. the geologica. configura.ion in Hong Kong is ma.nly formed by light volca.ic forma.ions a.d la.a.flows with overlying sedimenta.y deposits a. ma.y loca.ions,while the percenta.e of hea.ier meta.orphic rocks is very low(less tha. 1%).This product will improve the a.cura.y of a.deta.led geoid model a.d orthometric heights.

关键词： Density model Rock types Gra.imetric modeling Hong Kong

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Optimiza.ion of product cha.a.teristics of porous ca.bon a.glomera.es using a.design of experiments in fluidized bed a.glomera.ion

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Pa.ticuology 2024年第6期89卷 258-269页

作者： Ma.tin Oelofse robert Ra.k Ma.celle Hilden Peter La.gguth Depa.tment of Pha.ma.eutica. Technology a.d Biopha.ma.eutics Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany Ca.bon a.va.ced Solutions GmbH HeuchelheimGermany

Spra.ing pa.a.eters during pa.ticle a.glomera.ion processes ca. a.fect the a.glomera.ion kinetics a.d pa.ticle *** study wa. conducted to better understa.d the influence of the spra.ing pa.a.eters in a.fluidized bed wet a.glomera.ion process,a.d the influence on the sta.ility cha.a.teristics of ca.bon ta.lets.a.formula.ion ba.ed on fine ca.bon a.d peroxide powder,a. well a. ca.boxymethyl cellulose a. a.binder,wa. used to produce a.glomera.es in a.first production *** in a.second production step ca.bon ta.lets with a.high porosity were molded for the customer goods *** optimiza.ion of the compressive strength of these ca.bon ta.lets wa. the goa. of the *** a.glomera.es were produced with a.la.ora.ory sca.e gra.ula.or ca.led“ProCell”a.d were compressed with a.five-ca.ity mecha.ica. *** screening of the a.glomera.ion process pa.a.eters a.d their influence on the a.glomera.es qua.ity,a. well a. the performa.ce cha.a.teristics of the ca.bon ta.lets,were investiga.ed using a.multilevel fa.toria. *** experimenta. runs were done by va.ying a.omized a.r pressure a.d feed ra.e of the *** wa. determined by the design *** findings of the sta.istica. tria.s showed tha. low a.omized a.r pressure a.d a.low feed ra.e lea. to a.higher ta.let compressive strength.

关键词： Wet a.glomera.ion Fluidized bed Design of experiments Ca.bon a.glomera.es a.d ta.lets

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The influence of va.ious grea.e compositions a.d silver na.opa.ticle a.ditives on electrica.ly induced rolling-element bea.ing da.a.e

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 796-811页

作者： Sa.uel BOND robert L.Ja.KSON Germa. MILLS Depa.tment of Chemistry a.d Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA

Lea.a.e currents a.celera.e surfa.e degra.a.ion of meta. conta.ts via.sma.l sca.e a.cing a.ross lubrica.ing films,but recent observa.ions suggest tha. meta.lic na.opa.ticle a.ditives in lubrica.ts ma. be useful to improve conta.t *** findings prompted a.study tha. exa.ined electrica.ly induced surfa.e pitting of steel conta.ts in the presence of severa. lubrica.ing grea.es including some conta.ning na.ometer-sized colloida. silver(a.)*** rolling sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under electro-tribologica. loa.s employing polyurea.grea.es derived from minera. a.d synthetic ba.e oils with a.d without *** forces a.d electrica. resista.ce were monitored continuously during the tests;surfa.e cha.ges were cha.a.terized by mea.s of optica. spectroscopy,stylus profilometry,a.d sca.ning electron microscopy(SEM)including compositiona. a.a.ysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The observa.ions demonstra.e tha. surfa.e pitting induced by a.cing occurs ma.nly a. the points were the rolling motion cha.ges direction a.d tha. eroded meta. is deposited a.ong the wea. ***-sized pits a.e formed which conta.n ca.bon a.d oxygen indica.ing tha. a.cing ca.ses decomposition of the hydroca.bon *** findings indica.e a.significa.t inhibition of pitting is induced by the a. na.opa.ticles;some grea.es conta.ning other a.ditives exhibit a.simila.,a.though less pronounced,effect.

关键词： electric motor bea.ings wheel bea.ings electric vehicles a.cing electrica.ly induced bea.ing da.a.e pitting lea.a.e current stra. current

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Potentia. of contempora.y ea.th-sheltered buildings to a.hieve Plus Energy sta.us in va.ious Europea. clima.es during the hea.ing sea.on

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Building Simula.ion 2024年第1期17卷 41-52页

作者： a.eksa.da. Nesovic Nebojsa.Jurisevic robert Kowa.ik lva.a.Terzic Fa.ulty of Engineering University of KragujevacSestre Janjic 634000 KragujevacSerbia Fa.ulty of Environmenta. Geomatic and Energy EngineeringKielce University of TechnologyTysigclecia Panstwa Polskiego725-314 KielcePoland

This study investiga.es the potentia. of contempora.y Ea.th-Sheltered Buildings to contribute to susta.na.le societies by a.hieving Plus Energy Building sta.us during the hea.ing *** buildings a.a.yzed a.e intended to house a.four-member fa.ily(102.5 m^(2)).The house is equipped with a.ground source hea. pump,geotherma. vertica. probes,floor hea.ing pa.els,a. energy recovery ventila.or,a.d building-integra.ed photovolta.c pa.els insta.led on the exposed building *** numerica. a.a.ysis(using EnergyPlus softwa.e)wa. ca.ried out for nine Europea. sites covering five different clima.ic zones(na.ely:southern,a.la.tic,continenta.,a.pine,a.d northern clima.e)a.d three la.itude belts spa.ning Europe from south to *** a.ove 65°N(northern a.d a.pine clima.e)could not a.hieve Plus Energy sta.us with 20% efficient *** 15% efficient BIPVs,the building a.ove 59°N(northern clima.e)wa. inca.a.le of a.hieving this a. *** the monthly time step,the buildings in the southern a.d a.la.tic clima.es with 15% efficient BiPVs were a.le to produce a. energy surplus every month,a. wa. the building in thea.ps with 20% efficientBIPVs.

关键词： civil engineering ea.th-sheltered buildings renewa.le energy susta.na.le societies Plus Energy Buildings Energy Plus softwa.e

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The concept of gene thera.y for gla.coma.the drea. tha. ha. not come true yet

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sula. Xia.na. Liu a.ria. Smedowski Depa.tment of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Gla.coTech Co. KatowicePoland

Gene thera.ies,despite of being a.rela.ively new thera.eutic a.proa.h,ha.e a.potentia. to become a. importa.t a.terna.ive to current trea.ment stra.egies in *** gla.coma.is not considered a.single gene disea.e,the identified goa.s of gene thera.y would be ra.her to provide neuroprotection of retina. ga.glion cells,especia.ly,in intra.cula.-pressure-independent *** most commonly reported type of vector for gene delivery in gla.coma.studies is a.eno-a.socia.ed virus serotype 2 tha. ha. a.high tro pism to retina. ga.glion cells,res ulting in long-term expression a.d low immunogenic *** gene thera.py studies recruit inducible a.d genetic a.ima. models of optic neuropa.hy,like DBa.2J mice model of high-tension gla.coma.a.d the optic nerve *** gene thera.y-ba.ed neuroprotection of retina. ga.glion cells is ta.geting specific genes tra.sla.ing to growth fa.tors(i.e.,bra.n derived neurotrophic fa.tor,a.d its receptor TrkB),regula.ion of a.optosis a.d neurodegenera.ion(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xia.,Fa. system,nicotina.ide mononucleotide a.enylyl tra.sfera.e 2,Digit3 a.d Sa.m1),immunomodula.ion(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modula.ion of neuroinfla.ma.ion(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)a.d tra.scription regula.ion(i.e.,Ma.,Nrf2).On the other ha.d,some of gene thera.y studies focus on lowering intra.ocula. pressure,by impa.ting genes involved in both,decrea.ing a.ueous humor production(i.e.,a.ua.orin 1),a.d increa.ing outflow fa.ility(i.e.,COX2,prosta.la.din F2a.receptor,Rhoa.Rhoa.kina.e signa.ing pa.hwa.,MMP1,Myocilin).The goa. of this review is to summa.ize the current sta.eof-a.t a.d the direction of development of gene thera.y stra.egies for gla.coma.ous neuropa.hy.

关键词： a.eno-a.socia.ed virus gene editing gene thera.y gla.coma IOP lowering IOP-independent mecha.isms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropa.hy retina. ga.glion cells

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Glycolysis a.d glucose meta.olism a. a.ta.get for bioenergetic a.d neurona. protection in gla.coma

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： Pete a.Willia.s robert J.Ca.son Depa.tment of Clinica. Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Ophtha.mic Resea.ch La.ora.ories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is a.gua.ly our most va.ued sense,yet a.proxima.ely 340 million people globa.ly suffer blindness or modera.e visua. impa.rment,highlighting the need to further develop a.d a.va.ce trea.ments for ophtha.mic *** refers to a.group of ocula. disorders united by a.clinica.ly cha.a.teristic optic neuropa.hy with a.socia.ed retina. ga.glion cell loss.

关键词： meta.olism gla.coma globa.ly

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a.sessment of porta.le FTIR a.d Ra.a. spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobuta.e(DMDNB)in pla.tic explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Ja.ky Ca.les robert Dunsmore Ka.hryn L.Linge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Ma.plex Convention wa. esta.lished to prevent the ma.ufa.ture of unma.ked pla.tic explosives a.d stipula.es tha. a.vola.ile detection a.ent must be a.ded a. the time of ***,to-da.e,la.ora.ory testing rema.ns the interna.iona.ly a.cepted pra.tice for identifying a.d qua.tifying the ta.ga.ts stipula.ed in the *** this project,porta.le FTIR a.d Ra.a. instruments were tested for their a.ility to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobuta.e(DMDNB),the chemica. ma.ker incorpora.ed in pla.tic explosives tha. a.e ma.ufa.tured within *** both FTIR a.d Ra.a. instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field a.a.ysis of pla.tic explosives a. a. a.stra.ia. Defence esta.lishment showed tha. both FTIR a.d Ra.a. spectra.were ma.ched the releva.t explosive(RDX or PETN),ra.her tha. the DMDNB *** a.l three pla.tic explosives tested,the concentra.ion of DMDNB wa. mea.ured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 a.d 2%,grea.er tha. the minimum 1%concentra.ion stipula.ed by the Ma.plex *** testing with a.pla.tic explosive a.a.ogue confirmed tha. the minor a.sorption pea.s tha. would cha.a.terize low concentra.ions of DMDNB were ma.ked by a.sorption ba.ds from other compounds within the ***,while both FTIR a.d Ra.a. spectroscopy a.e suita.le for detection of pla.tic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for *** is likely tha. simila. results would be found for other ta.ga.ts stipula.ed by the Ma.plex Convention,given they a.e a.so present in concentra.ions less tha. 1%.

关键词： Explosive ICa. ta.ga.ts 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobuta.e(DMDNB) Fourier tra.sform infra.ed(FTIR) Ra.a.

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