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Risk mapping of wildlife-vehicle collisions across thestate of Montana,USA:a machine-learning approach forimbalanced data along rural roads

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第3期6卷 124-132页

作者： Matthew Bell Yiyi Wang rob Ament Western Transportation Institute Montana State University2327 University WayBozemanMT 59717USA School of Engineering San Francisco State University1600 Holloway AveSan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Wildlife-vehicle collisions(WVCs)with large animals are estimated to cost the USA over 8 billion USD in property damage,tens of thousands of human injuries and nearly 200 human fatalities each *** WVCs occur on rural roads and are not collected evenly among road segments,leading to imbalanced *** are a disproportionate number of analysis units that have zero WVC cases when investigating large geographic areas for collision *** units with zero WVCs can reduce prediction accuracy and weaken the coefficient estimates of statistical learning *** study demonstrates that the use of the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)to handle imbalanced WVC data in combination with statistical and machine-learning models improves the ability to determine seasonal WVC risk across the rural highway network in Montana,*** array of regularized variables describing landscape,road and traffic were used to develop negative binomial and random forest models to infer WVC rates per 100 million vehicle miles *** random forest model is found to work particularly well with SMOTE-augmented data to improve the prediction accuracy of seasonal WVC ***-augmented data are found to improve accuracy when predicting crash risk across fine-grained grids while retaining the characteristics of the original *** analyses suggest that SMOTE augmentation mitigates data imbalance that is encountered in seasonally divided WVC *** research provides the basis for future risk-mapping models and can potentially be used to address the low rates of WVCs and other crash types along rural roads.

关键词： wildlife-vehicle collisions machine learning SMOTE negative binomial risk mapping

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针灸治疗慢性头痛的初级保健:大样本、实用的随机试验

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第2期8卷 89-92页

作者： Andrew J Vickers Rebecca W Rees Catherine E Zollman rob mccarney Claire Smith Nadia Ellis Peter Fisher robbert Van Haselen 宋军 Integrative Medicine ServiceBiostatistics Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center1275 York AvenueNYNY 10021 assistant attending research methodologist Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre)Social Science Research Unit Institute of EducationLondon WC1H 0NS research officer MontpelierHealth Centre Department of Psychological MedicineImperial College London London W2 1PD research officer Academic RheumatologyWeston Education Centre King's CollegeLondon SE5 9RJ senior trials coordinator Department of Health and Social SciencesCoventry University Coventry CV1 5FB lecturer Royal London Homeopathic HospitalLondon W1W 5PB director of research Royal London Homeopathic Hospital London W1W 5PB deputy director of research

目的与“不用针灸”对比,确定“使用针灸”的治疗方法对慢性头痛患者的头痛、健康状况及无病时间的影响。设计随机对照试验。试验场所英格兰和威尔士的开业医生诊所。受试对象 401位慢性头痛患者,主要是偏头痛患者。干预患... 详细信息

目的与“不用针灸”对比,确定“使用针灸”的治疗方法对慢性头痛患者的头痛、健康状况及无病时间的影响。设计随机对照试验。试验场所英格兰和威尔士的开业医生诊所。受试对象 401位慢性头痛患者,主要是偏头痛患者。干预患者被随机分配进入针灸治疗组(在 3个月内接受12次针灸治疗)和对照组(接受常规治疗)。主要结果测定指标治疗前、治疗后3个月及12个月对头痛积分,SF-36健康状况及用药量进行评估。每3个月对治疗方法作1次评估。头痛积分即判定疗效的主要终点指标。结果针灸组治疗后12个月的头痛积分(针灸组161例患者,平均头痛积分为16．2,标准差 13．7,比治疗前减少34％)比对照组低(对照组140 例患者,平均头痛积分为22．3,标准差17．0,比治疗前减少16％)。两种方法调整后的差异为4．6 (95％可信区间为2．2-7．0;P=0．0002)。对于包含缺失数据的灵敏度分析,该结果也是肯定的。针灸组的患者每年少头痛22(8-38)天。尽管达到统计学差异的项目仅有生理功能、精力和健康改变等,SF-36的资料也有利于针灸组。与对照组相比,针灸组的患者减少了15％的服药量(P=0．02), 减少了25％的就诊量(P=0．10),同时减少15％的病休时间(P=0．2)。结论针灸在初级保健中用于治疗慢性头痛, 特别是偏头痛,可以产生与临床相关的持久益处。应当考虑扩大英国国家医疗保险体系中针灸治疗的范围。

关键词：慢性头痛针灸治疗初级保健随机试验大样本 SF-36 随机对照试验医疗保险体系治疗方法健康状况偏头痛患者灵敏度分析统计学差异对照组治疗前开业医生受试对象常规治疗随机分配测定指标终点指标可信区间

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Drought Tolerance and Recovery of the Sedge Carex planostachys (Cyperaceae) from Central Texas Woodlands

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 746-765页

作者： E. rob Wayne Oscar William Van Auken Natural Sciences Department St. Philip’s College San Antonio USA Department of Integrative Biology The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio USA

Carex planostachys Kunze (Cyperaceae, Cedar sedge) is an herbaceous species in a genus commonly inhabiting mesic or hydric habitats. Carex planostachys is found in arid and semi-arid Juniperus woodlands. Arid conditions impose survival challenges to plants in dry areas. Some plants have plasticity responses to soil water content and continued normal though reduced functions through droughts, but most herbaceous plants do not survive. Limited previous studies have suggested C. planostachys is tolerant of drought. Physiological responses of C. planostachys from Juniperus woodlands was examined is this study to determine how long plants could survive without water and if they are capable of recovery from very negative water potentials beyond what is considered the permanent wilting point for most herbaceous plants. Plants were placed in pots in partial shade in this experiment. Water loss from the soil with plants was an inverse 2 nd order polynomial function with soil water decreasing from 32% to 8% by day 28 of the study. Leaf water potential was also an inverse 2 nd order polynomial function but did not decline significantly until 14 days without watering. Leaf water potential was −10.0 MPa after 35 days without watering. Non-watered plants A net, (photosynthetic rate) was significantly lower compared to the water treatment by day 21 as was stomatal conductance and transpiration. When non-watered plants were watered after 21, 28 or 35 days, full recovery of physiological responses occurred within 7 days. The length of time that C. planostachys was able to withstand drought was greater than the annual trends in lack of precipitation during springtime in this area. Carex planostachys can photosynthesize at water stress between −8 and −10 MPa. Carex planostachys drought and shade tolerance enables it to occupy an understory niche devoid of other herbaceous plants.

关键词： CO 2 Uptake Conductance Gas Exchange Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Water Stress Water Potential.

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乡村旅游精英公共服务动机的结构维度研究

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旅游学刊 2024年第9期 91-105页

作者：徐少癸韩佳钰陈思榕 rob LAW 章牧福建师范大学文化旅游与公共管理学院暨南大学深圳旅游学院南洋理工大学黄金辉传播与信息学院澳门大学亚太经济与管理研究所澳门大学工商管理学院

乡村旅游精英在乡村振兴、消除贫困、促进乡村旅游可持续发展等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，作为中国旅游研究领域的热点议题，乡村旅游精英的动机研究却往往被简单化和边缘化。因此，文章基于中国乡土文化背景，聚焦乡村旅游精英... 详细信息

乡村旅游精英在乡村振兴、消除贫困、促进乡村旅游可持续发展等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，作为中国旅游研究领域的热点议题，乡村旅游精英的动机研究却往往被简单化和边缘化。因此，文章基于中国乡土文化背景，聚焦乡村旅游精英这一特定群体，利用扎根理论对乡村旅游精英公共服务动机的结构维度进行探索性研究。研究发现，乡村旅游精英公共服务动机由乡土情结、公共利益承诺、社会认可与支持、自我奉献精神和政策制定吸引力5个维度组成。其中，公共利益承诺、自我奉献精神和政策制定吸引力3个维度具有普适性，乡土情结和社会认可与支持则是文章基于中国乡土社会背景发现的新维度。乡村旅游精英公共服务动机是一个复杂的多维结构体系，各维度相互关联、相互影响，共同构成了乡村旅游精英公共服务动机的驱动因素。以上结论对乡村旅游精英公共服务动机研究具有一定的理论贡献，同时也为乡村旅游目的地管理、评估乡村旅游精英提供了针对性建议。

关键词：乡村旅游精英公共服务动机乡村旅游乡村振兴扎根理论

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探索DNA数据驱动器

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科技纵览 2024年第3期 30-36,4页

作者： rob Carlson 不详

我们每天都会产生很多数据,包括电子邮件、文本、照片和社交媒体帖子等。虽然这些内容大多不值得保存,但每天我们都在默默地作出不删除这些数据的决定。我们把它们保存在某个地方,可能是手机上、电脑硬盘上或者云上,最终它们都会被存档... 详细信息

我们每天都会产生很多数据,包括电子邮件、文本、照片和社交媒体帖子等。虽然这些内容大多不值得保存,但每天我们都在默默地作出不删除这些数据的决定。我们把它们保存在某个地方,可能是手机上、电脑硬盘上或者云上,最终它们都会被存档,大多数情况下是在磁带上。此外,现在各种设备和传感器都将数据传输到网络上,汽车、飞机和其他交通工具的数据也要存储以备后用。物联网上的数十亿物品都会产生数据,所有这些信息都需要存储在某个地方。

关键词：电子邮件电脑硬盘物联网数据传输其他交通工具社交媒体传感器

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LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

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Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans over the past 200,000 years

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第7期46卷 1621-1621页

作者： Akey, Joshua M Li, Liming Comi, Troy J Bierman, rob F Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology School of Medicine The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA

Although it is well known that the ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals admixed,the effects of gene flow on the Neanderthal genome are not well *** develop methods to estimate the amount of human-introgressed s... 详细信息

关键词： flow modern apply

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Genomic Mutations Within the Host Microbiome: Adaptive Evolution or Purifying Selection

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Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 96-102页

作者： Jiachao Zhang rob Knight School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Department of Pediatrics University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Center for Microbiome Innovation Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly those that explore genomic mutations within the microbiome—will be launched in the next decade. This review focuses on the coevolution of microbes within a microbiome, which shapes strain-level diversity both within and between host species. We also explore the correlation between microbial genomic mutations and common metabolic diseases, and the adaptive evolution of pathogens and probiotics during invasion and colonization. Finally, we discuss advances in methods and algorithms for annotating and analyzing microbial genomic mutations.

关键词： Gut microbiota Genomic mutations Adaptive evolution Purifying selection Single-nucleoti de variants

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Advances in caring for the older cancer patient：a report from the 2015 conference of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 150-155页

作者： rob Stepney Freelance Medical Writer Charlbury OX7 3HJ UK

A paradox in cancer research is that the majority of patients enrolled in clinical trials are relatively young and fit while typical patients in daily practice are elderly and have comorbidities and impaired organ function. Given these differences, many major studies provide an imperfect guide to optimizing the treatment of the majority of patients. Since cancer incidence is highly correlated with age, and since the world's population is rapidly ageing, this problem can only increase. For this reason, oncologists and geriatricians need to collaborate in developing tools to systematically assess the health status of elderly patients and their fitness to receive cancer therapies of various intensity. Tailoring anti-cancer treatments and supportive care to individual needs should be seen as part of the move towards personalized medicine. Achieving this goal is as much of a challenge to developing and middle-income countries as it is to western nations. The 2015 annual conference of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology(SIOG) held in Prague, Czech Republic, November 2015 and had a global focus on advancing the science of geriatric oncology and supportive care. Central to this approach is the systematic assessment of life expectancy, independent functioning, and the physical and psychological health of older cancer patients. The assumption behind comprehensive geriatric assessment is that elderly cancer patients have complex needs. The implication is that effective intervention will require a multidisciplinary team. Examples of effective geriatric assessment, multidisciplinary working and supportive care were presented at the SIOG conference.

关键词： Geriatric oncology supportive care elderly geriatric assessment quality of life comorbidities

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