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Livelihood Diversification as an Adaptation Approach to Change in the Pastoral Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region

Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1342-1355页

作者： WU Ning Muhammad ISMAIL Srijana JOSHI YI Shao-liang ritu meher shrestha Abdul Wahid JASRA International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development G.P.O Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Migratory livestock raising has been one of the most important livelihood options for people residing in high mountain areas and has made a significant contribution to the economy of the Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH) region, both in terms of supporting households and in export earnings. However, in recent decades, changes in the socioeconomic situation and increasing climate variability have led to a need to enhance adaptation by building the resilience of local socio-ecological systems, including economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Based on semistructured interviews with pastoral communities in six countries within the pastoral HKH region, this paper discusses the situation, trends and driving forces behind the diversification of pastoral livelihood. For internal diversification the study highlights the need for enhancement of pastoral livelihoods through value-adding activities in the pastoral sectors. For external diversification changes on policy changes are needed to support free out-migration, market exploitation, and multiple resource use. Finally the paper highlights the role of education in determining household adaptation strategies in the face of various socio-ecological pressures and recommends integrating innovative and indigenous knowledge to develop appropriate methods for risk management and resource management in the pastoral HKH region.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Diversification Livelihoods Pastoralism Himalaya

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New antiglycation and enzyme inhibitors from Parmotrema cooperi

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1926-1931页

作者： M.Iqbal CHOUDHARY meher ALI Atia-tul-WAHAB Ajmal KHAN Saima RASHEED Sajan Lal SHYAULA(shrestha) Atta-ur-RAHMAN H.E.J.Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud University Nepal Academy of Science and Technology

Lichens are unique individuals which have been widely used in traditional medicines. This study was focused on the bioassayguided phytochemical investigation, and bioactivity evaluation on a lichens species, Parmotrema cooperi. This first bioassaydirected chemical study on P. cooperi has led to the isolation of ethyl heamatomate （1）, atraric acid （2）, ethyl orsellinate （3）, orsellinic acid （4）, lecanoric acid （5）, gyrophoric acid （6）, and licanorin （7）. The structures of 1-7 were mainly elucidated from spectroscopic methods including 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated for their antiglycation, urease, a-chymotrypsin, and β-glucoronidase inhibitory activities. Few of the phenolic compounds showed significant, while most of them showed good inhibition of protein glycation, and urease activities.

关键词： lichen Parmotrema cooped ethyl heamatomate atraric acid urease inhibition antiglycation

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Association between hereditary hemochromatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第3期6卷 1-14页

作者： Aparna Jayachandran ritu shrestha Kim R.Bridle Darrell H.G.Crawford The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private HospitalBrisbaneQLD 4120Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a significant global health problem with high morbidity and *** incidence is increasing exponentially worldwide with a close overlap between annual incidence and death *** though significant advances have been made in HCC treatment,fewer than 20%of patients with HCC are suitable for potentially curative *** hemochromatosis(HH)is an important genetic risk factor for *** is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism,characterised by elevated iron deposition in most organs including the liver,leading to progressive organ *** is a complication of HH,nearly always occurring in patients with cirrhosis and contributes to increased mortality *** the susceptibility of development of HCC in HH patients has gained much *** review summarises the current knowledge with regard to the association of HH and HCC in order to encourage further *** this review,we focus particularly on HFE gene-related ***,we highlight and discuss emerging clinical research which addresses the prevalence of HCC in HH patients and the coincidence of HH with other risk factors for HCC *** also focus on the therapeutic tools in the management of HCC associated with HH.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma hereditary hemochromatosis HFE gene C282Y mutation H63D mutation liver cirrhosis

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Murine hepatocellular carcinoma derived stem cells reveal epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2017年第9期9卷 159-168页

作者： Aparna Jayachandran ritu shrestha Bijay Dhungel I-Tao Huang Marianna Yumi Kawashima Vasconcelos Brian J Morrison Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel Jason C Steel the University of Queensland School of Medicine and the Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private Hospital Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department Infectious Diseases DirectorateNaval Medical Research Center

AIM To establish a model to enrich and characterize stemlike cells from murine normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell lines and to further investigate stem-like cell association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT).METHODS In this study,we utilized a stem cell conditioned serumfree medium to enrich stem-like cells from mouse HCC and normal liver cell lines,Hepa 1-6 and AML12,*** isolated the 3-dimensional spheres and assessed their stemness characteristics by evaluating theRNA levels of stemness genes and a cell surface stem cell marker by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR(q RTPCR).Next,we examined the relationship between stem cells and EMT using q *** Three-dimensional spheres were enriched by culturing murine HCC and normal hepatocyte cell lines in stem cell conditioned serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin *** 3-dimensional spheres had enhanced stemness markers such as Klf4 and Bmi1 and hepatic cancer stem cell(CSC) marker Cd44 compared to parental cells grown as adherent *** report that epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 were downregulated,while mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Fibronectin were upregulated in 3-dimensional *** 3-dimensional spheres also exhibited changes in expression of Snai,Zeb and Twist family of EMT transcription *** Our novel method successfully enriched stem-like cells which possessed an EMT *** isolation and characterization of murine hepatic CSCs could establish a precise target for the development of more effective therapies for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa 1-6 Cancer stem cells Cancer initiating cells Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Cellular plasticity Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors AML12

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Exosome-based liquid biopsy in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatoma Research 2018年第8期4卷 48-59页

作者： Aparna Jayachandran Sasidhar Venkata Manda ritu shrestha Kim R.Bridle Prashanth Prithviraj Darrell H.G.Crawford School of Clinical Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private HospitalBrisbaneQLD4120Australia Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation HyderabadTelangana500096India Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute BallaratVIC3350Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly presents at an advanced stage due to the lack of efficient early screening tools. Early, non-invasive biomarkers useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC would be of significant benefit for HCC management. Development of exosome-based liquid biopsy as a non-invasive method for the management of HCC has gained much traction. Exosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted by most cell types including HCC cells. Exosomes serve as couriers for the intercellular transfer of important biomolecules, including, protein, nucleic acids and lipids to nearby and distant cells in the body. The molecular cargos carried by exosome have been described to play significant roles in cancer progression. Herein, we will dissect how HCC-derived exosomes confer aggressive traits such as tumour growth, invasion, immune remodelling and drug resistance to HCC cells. We review the current literature concerning exosomes as biomarkers in a diagnostic setting, evaluating their prognostic, predictive and monitoring capabilities. This review will highlight and discuss emerging research in the utility of exosome-based liquid biopsies therapeutic tools in HCC management. Here we will also focus on advances in exosome biology in preclinical studies.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma liquid biopsy exosomes microRNA epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cancer stem cell

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Immune checkpoint blockade therapies for HCC: current status and future implications

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Hepatoma Research 2019年第9期5卷 1-17页

作者： ritu shrestha Kim R.Bridle Darrell H.G.Crawford Aparna Jayachandran The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQueensland 4120Australia Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private HospitalBrisbaneQueensland 4120Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most lethal and common type of liver cancer with limited treatment options at the advanced *** use of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)based immunotherapy is exponentially increasing in the treatment of patients with advanced solid *** expression of immune checkpoints on tumor cells leading to lower activity of T-cells is one of the major mechanisms of immune *** blockade immunotherapies with antibodies against PD-1,PD-L1 or CTLA-4 are being investigated in clinical trials in HCC *** have improved survival in patients with inoperable advanced stage HCC where other curative treatments are not ***,the response rates remain low with only a small subset of patients responding to this *** is an unmet need to identify predictive markers to select those HCC patients who would benefit from ICI ***,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT),a major process driving HCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the phenotypic cellular switching from epithelial to mesenchymal state,has been implicated as a resistance mechanism associated with ICI *** role of EMT as a regulator of immune checkpoint molecule in HCC is just ***,the consequence of EMT as a resistance mechanism in HCC patients undergoing ICI treatments remains *** this review,we summarize the recent clinical studies with ICIs in HCC and highlight the trials underway featuring novel monotherapies and combinatorial approaches based on immune and non-immune *** will discuss the ongoing efforts to discover new immune checkpoint molecules in HCC as potential drug *** also highlight the role of EMT in facilitating therapy resistance in HCC treated with ICIs and discuss potential strategies to circumvent resistance in ICI treated HCC patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programmed cell death protein-1 programmed death-ligand 1 resistance

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Parmotrema cooperi中的新型抗醣化物质和酶抑制剂

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中国科学：化学 2012年第1期42卷 97-98页

作者： M.Iqbal CHOUDHARY meher ALI Atia-tul-WAHAB Ajmal KHAN Saima Rasheed Sajan Lal SHYAULA(shrestha) Atta-ur-RAHMAN 陈洁 H.E.J.Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud University Nepal Academy of Science and Technology 厦门大学化学化工学院

地衣是被广泛用于传统药物中的独特个体.本文对一类地衣,Parmotrema cooperi,进行了生物测定引导的植物化学研究和生物活性评价.对该类地衣的首次生物测定引导的化学研究分离出了化合物ethyl heamatomate(1),atraric acid(2),ethyl orse... 详细信息

地衣是被广泛用于传统药物中的独特个体.本文对一类地衣,Parmotrema cooperi,进行了生物测定引导的植物化学研究和生物活性评价.对该类地衣的首次生物测定引导的化学研究分离出了化合物ethyl heamatomate(1),atraric acid(2),ethyl orsellinate(3),orsellinic acid(4),lecanoric acid(5),gyrophoric acid(6)以及licanorin(7).化合物1～7的结构主要通过一维、二维核磁共振谱和质谱等谱学方法判定.对这些化合物还进行了抗醣化活性以及尿素酶、α-胰凝乳蛋白酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶抑制活性的评价.这些苯酚化合物没有显示特别好的活性,但其中大部分对蛋白质醣化和尿素酶活性具有较好的抑制作用.

关键词：地衣 Parmotrema cooperi 尿素酶抑制作用抗醣化作用

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