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Influence of slope position and aspect on the vegetation attributes and treewater relations in forests of the central Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2592-2602页

作者： Vidit TYAGI Surendra P.singh ripu daman singh Surabhi GUMBER Rajesh THADANI Rajiv PANDEY Dolphin(PG)Institute of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences Dehra Dun 248007India Central Himalayan Environment Association(CHEA) Dehradun 248007India Department of Forestry and Environmental Science DSB CampusKumaun UniversityNainital 263001India Centre for Ecology Development and Research(CEDAR) A-17 Mayfair GardensNew Delhi 110016India Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education(ICFRE) Dehra Dun 248007India

While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are *** study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 MPa and-3.34±0.18 MPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 MPa and-3.77±0.18 MPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 MPa and-2.77±0.19 MPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical *** favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry *** attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill *** forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced *** favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.

关键词： Hill base Himalaya Refugia Unique species Water relation

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Ocular manifestations of central insulin resistance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1139-1146页

作者： Muneeb A.Faiq Trina Sengupta Madhu Nath Thirumurthy Velpandian daman Saluja Rima Dada Tanuj Dada Kevin C.Chan Dr.Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory Department of OphthalmologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Medical Biotechnology Laboratory Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Dr.Baldev singh Sleep Laboratory Department of PhysiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Ocular Pharmacology Dr.Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic SciencesAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Department of AnatomyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Central insulin resistance, the diminished cellular sensitivity to insulin in the brain, has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. However, whether and how central insulin resistance plays a role in the eye remains unclear. Here, we performed intracerebroventricular injection of S961, a potent and specific blocker of insulin receptor in adult Wistar rats to test if central insulin resistance leads to pathological changes in ocular structures. 80 mg of S961 was stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of the experimental group twice at 7 days apart, whereas buffer solution was injected to the sham control group. Blood samples, intraocular pressure, trabecular meshwork morphology, ciliary body markers, retinal and optic nerve integrity, and whole genome expression patterns were then evaluated. While neither blood glucose nor serum insulin level was significantly altered in the experimental or control group, we found that injection of S961 but not buffer solution significantly increased intraocular pressure at 14 and 24 days after first injection, along with reduced porosity and aquaporin 4 expression in the trabecular meshwork, and increased tumor necrosis factor α and aquaporin 4 expression in the ciliary body. In the retina, cell density and insulin receptor expression decreased in the retinal ganglion cell layer upon S961 injection. Fundus photography revealed peripapillary atrophy with vascular dysregulation in the experimental group. These retinal changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes, downregulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic genes, as well as dysregulation of genes involved in insulin signaling. Optic nerve histology indicated microglial activation and changes in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and aquaporin 4. Molecular pathway architecture of the retina revealed the three most s

关键词： brain ciliary bodies gene expression inflammation insulin receptor insulin resistance intraocular pressure neurodegeneration optic nerve retina retinal ganglion cells trabecular meshwork

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Chronic Dietary Administration of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Does Not Compromise Neurobehavioral Functions at Tumor Preventive Doses in Mice

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第9期5卷 381-393页

作者： Saurabh singh Mayank Kumar Kailash Manda Seenu Haridas Anant Narayan Bhatt daman Saluja Bilikere S. Dwarakanath Division of Radiation Biosciences Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi India Medical Biotechnology Laboratory Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research University of Delhi Delhi India

Beneficial effects of dietary energy restriction (DER), including extension of life-span, reduction in cancer risk, anti-cancer effects and decrease in age related neurodegenerative diseases have been well established. Given that DER is difficult to implement in humans due to practical constraints, development of energy restriction mimetics (ERMs) is considered as a suitable alternative. Our recent studies have established the anti-tumor effects of the dietary administration of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a potential ERM, an alternative to DER;without any adverse effects on general physiology. Since functioning of the brain is critically dependent on glucose, we investigated the effects of chronic dietary 2-DG administration on the behavioural outcome in mice. Our findings based on a battery of neuro-behavioural tests clearly suggest that the chronic dietary administration of 2-DG that appreciably impairs the process of tumorigenesis has no adverse effect on the cognitive, affective and sensory-motor functions. Together with the maintenance of normal physiology reported by us earlier, these observations strengthen the potential of dietary 2-DG as a safe cancer preventive strategy.

关键词： Glycolysis Energy Restriction Mimetics (ERMs) 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) Tumor Prevention Neuro-Behaviour

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