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Nosocomial infections and their control strategies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 505-509页

作者： Hassan Ahmed Khan Aftab Ahmad riffat mehboob University of Lahore National Academy of Young Scientists (NAYS) University of the Punjab Department of Biomedical Sciences King Edward Medical University Department of Neuroscience SISSA Trieste Italy

Nosocomial infections are also known as hospital-acquired/associated infections. National Healthcare Safety Network along with Centers for Disease Control for surveillance has classified nosocomial infection sites into 13 types with 50 infection sites, which are specific on the basis of biological and clinical criteria. The agents that are usually involved in hospitalacquired infections include Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae family members, namely, Proteus mirablis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens. Nosocomial pathogens can be transmitted through person to person, environment or contaminated water and food, infected individuals, contaminated healthcare personnel's skin or contact via shared items and surfaces. Mainly, multi-drug-resistant nosocomial organisms include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas Clostridium difficile shows natural resistance. Excessive and improper use of broadspectrum antibiotics, especially in healthcare settings, is elevating nosocomial infections, which not only becomes a big health care problem but also causes great economic and production loss in the community. Nosocomial infections can be controlled by measuring and comparing the infection rates within healthcare settings and sticking to the best healthcare practices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides the methodology for surveillance of nosocomial infections along with investigation of major outbreaks. By means of this surveillance, hospitals can devise a strategy comprising of infection control practices.

关键词： Hospital-acquired infection Antibiotics Control strategies Surveillance

Prognostic significance of retinoblastoma gene mutation in retinoblastoma eye with respect to pathological risk factors

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Natural Science 2013年第3期5卷 411-418页

作者： Asad Aslam Khan riffat mehboob Mulazim Hussain Bukhari Department of Ophthalmology King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan Department of Pathology King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan

Retinoblastoma (Rb) was reported firstly by Benedict is the commonest pediatric intraocular malignant tumor in children younger than 5 years of age. The study was conducted to detect the RB-1 gene for prognostic evaluation in retinoblastoma and to see the frequency of RB-1 gene in our population. This was a retrospective descriptive analytical study. Five years biopsies (January, 2006 to December 2011) of the retinoblastoma, from the Pathology department, was retrieved to see optic nerve involvement in all the retrieved specimens. The study was taken to see the mutation of RB1 gene by immunohistochemistry and PCR. The study plan was approved from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University. All the cases showed positivity of abnormal Rb-1 gene proteins expression by Immunohistochemistry staining. On PCR, 51/52 (98%) tumors expressed gene mutation as compared to 100% expression shown by IHC. Out of these, 28/51 (55%) cases showed ONI and ODI with positivity for mutated RB gene. A positive association was seen among RB gene mutation with ONI and ODI (p = 0.05). There were 33/51 (65%) cases who did not show any EOE but showed PCR positivity for RB gene mutation. While there were 18/51 (35%) cases who showed EOE and positivity of PCR for Rb-1 gene mutation and a positive association was seen with EOE and gene mutation (p = 0.005). The most common sequence of mutation was on 13 with 33 cases for double mutation, 12 cases for single and 6 patients for triple pattern of mutation. Most of the double and triple sequences of mutations were associated with ONI, ODI and EOE. We concluded that mutation of RB-1 gene is responsible in causation of the tumors with a positive association with tumor size and tumor extension (optic nerve, and extraocular extension), and mutation affects patients with all ages, both gender and unilateral and bilateral tumors.

关键词： Retinoblastoma RB-1 Gene Optic Nerve Optic Disc Extra-Occular Extention PCR Immunohistochemistry Sequencing

Association of retinoblastoma with clinical and histopathological risk factors

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Natural Science 2013年第4期5卷 437-444页

作者： Asad Aslam Khan Mulazim Hussain Bukhari riffat mehboob Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Hospital King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan

A study was conducted to see the association of retinoblastoma with age, bilaterism, Tumor size, site, grades, involvement of anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, choroid, sclera and optic nerve, and extraocular extension. This was a retrospective descriptive analytical study. The records of the Institute of Ophthalmology, King Edward Medical University/Mayo hospital, Lahore: Pakistan January 2006-Dec 2011 was analyzed. Five years biopsies (June 2006 to June 2012) of the retinoblastoma, from the Pathology department, was retrieved to see optic nerve involvement in all the retrieved specimens. The mean age was 3.54 ± 1.686 years. There were 15 cases of bilateral retinoblastoma and 37 cases with unilateral neoplasms. The age range of bilateral tumors was 2 - 6 years while the range in unilateral tumor was 1 - 10 years male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Among 52 cases, 37 (71.2%) patients were unilateral retinoblastoma and 15 (28.28%) patients were with bilateral disease. On radiological examination of patients suffering from retinoblastoma by B-Scan (Ultrasound), there were 33 (63.5%) cases with exophytic presentation while 18 (34.6%) cases showed endophytic morphology. On clinical examinations, 28 patients presented with proptosis of (it was the most common presenting sign in our patients, accounting for about 53.8% of cases), 20 cases presented with leucocoria eye with strabismus. 29/52 patients showed involvement with optic nerve, 17 were from 1 - 3 years age and 12 were from 4 - 6 years. Statistically there was no difference in the involvement of optic nerve, disc involvement and extra ocular extension with the age of patients (p = 0.217). There was also no statistical difference seen in age and gender for but a strong association was seen with patient’s presentation, symptoms and size of the tumors and anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, choroid, sclera and optic nerve, and extra ocular extension. We concluded that a positive association was seen with tumor size

关键词： Retinoblastoma Optic Nerve Optic Disc Extra Ocular Extension

Novel strategy to diagnose and grade hepatocellular carcinoma

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Natural Science 2013年第1期5卷 22-30页

作者： Shahida Parveen riffat mehboob Asad Aslam Khan Mulazim Hussain Bukhari Fridoon Jawad Ahmad Center for Research in Molecular Medicine University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan Department of Pathology King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan Department of Pathology King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide, particularly in South and South East Asia. Unfortunately due to lack of appropriate facilities and awareness only limited information is available about its early diagnosis. Aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of p53 by immunohistochemistry and Argyrophilicnucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of HCC and cirrhosis of liver. A total of 100 liver biopsies were studied, it included 20 cases of HCC, 60 cases of cirrhosis of the liver and 20 cases of normal liver from autopsy specimens as a control. Out of 20 cases of HCC, 15 were positive for p53 stain and 5 were negative. None of the 60 cases of cirrhosis or 20 with normal histology revealed p53 expression. A statistically significant (p . It helps in differentiation from well differentiated to moderately and to poorly differentiated HCC.

关键词： P53 AgNOR Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cirrhosis Immunohistochemistry

Assessing effectiveness of nature-based solution with big earth data: 60 years mangrove plantation program in Bangladesh coast

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 167-194页

作者： riffat Mahmood Li Zhang Guoqing Li Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Studies University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography and Environment Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences Jagannath University International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals

Background In the climate change context, nature-based solution(NBS) is considered one of the effective tools to increase the resilience of socio-ecological system. The concept coincides with the government's attempts of afforestation and reforestation programs that have been going on for 60 years in Bangladesh. This study, therefore, envisaged understanding how NBS(mangrove afforestation and reforestation) works to promote climate change resilience through the synthetization of remote sensing-based big earth data, statistical tools, and models. The study took the entire coast of Bangladesh except for Sundarbans Reserve Forest and rolled back to 1962 to work on 60 years' time series data. Declassified CORONA satellite imagery along with Landsat satellite imagery was used, which is the firstever attempt in the remote sensing-based ecosystem work in *** The study's main innovation is to spatially establish the effectiveness of the NBS. The study critically assessed and estimated stable lands and their socio-economic benefits as part of the effectiveness of the NBS. As part of the NBS-derived benefits in the context of climate change, it estimated the sequestrated carbon in mangrove forests.A significant positive relationship was observed between the increase of mangroves and stable lands. Near about 448,011 ha of agricultural land was stabilized due to the NBS intervention whose economic value is 18,837 million USD. In addition, 29,755.71 kt of carbon have been sequestrated due to NBS *** The concept of NBS is still in the development stage and very little or no work has been done so far in measuring and labeling the effectiveness of the NBS. Therefore, our study can innovatively contribute to the scientific community to show the effectiveness of the NBS in three domains(social, economic and ecological) in the changing climatic scenario.

关键词： Nature-based solution (NBS) Mangrove afforestation program Coast Geographic Information System Remote sensing CORONA satellite image Land stabilization Sequestrated carbon Climate change

Error Detection and Pattern Prediction Through Phase II Process Monitoring

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4781-4802页

作者： Azam Zaka riffat Jabeen Kanwal Iqbal Khan Government Graduate College of Science Wahdat RoadLahorePakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusLahorePakistan Institute of Business&Management University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan

The continuous monitoring of the machine is beneficial in improving its process reliability through reflected power function *** is substantial for identifying and removing errors at the early stages of production that ultimately benefit the firms in cost-saving and quality *** current study introduces control charts that help the manufacturing concerns to keep the production process in *** presents an exponentially weighted moving average and extended exponentially weighted moving average and then compared their *** percentiles estimator and the modified maximum likelihood estimator are used to constructing the control *** findings suggest that an extended exponentially weighted moving average control chart based on the percentiles estimator performs better than exponentially weightedmoving average control charts based on the percentiles estimator and modified maximum likelihood ***,these results will help the firms in the early detection of errors that enhance the process reliability of the telecommunications and financing industry.

关键词： Reflected power function distribution exponentially weighted moving average extended exponentially weighted moving averages modified maximum likelihood estimator percentile estimator

Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Classical-Quantum Transfer Learning Approach and Probability Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3733-3746页

作者： Amna Mir Umer Yasin Salman Naeem Khan Atifa Athar riffat Jabeen Sehrish Aslam Department of Physics Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Statistics Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan

Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that causes lesions on the retina that affect *** detection of DR can lead to irreversible *** manual diagnosis process of DR retina fundus images by ophthalmologists is time consuming and ***,Classical Transfer learning models are extensively used for computer aided detection of DR;however,their maintenance costs limits detection performance ***,Quantum Transfer learning is a better option to address this problem in an optimized *** significance of Hybrid quantum transfer learning approach includes that it performs ***,our proposed methodology aims to detect DR using a hybrid quantum transfer learning *** build our model we extract the APTOS 2019 Blindness Detection dataset from Kaggle and used inception-V3 pre-trained classical neural network for feature extraction and Variational Quantum classifier for stratification and trained our model on Penny Lane default device,IBM Qiskit BasicAer device and Google Cirq Simulator *** models are built based on PyTorch machine learning *** bring about a contrast performance rate between classical and quantum *** proposed model achieves an accuracy of 93%–96%on the quantum hybrid model and 85%accuracy rate on the classical ***,quantum computing can harness quantum machine learning to do work with power and efficiency that is not possible for classical computers.

关键词： Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) quantum transfer learning inceptionV3 variational quantum circuit image classification

Development of multi-physics numerical simulation model to investigate thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation in an autofrettaged gun barrel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第5期17卷 1579-1591页

作者： Naveed Hussain Faisal Qayyum riffat Asim Pasha Masood Shah Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Institut für Metallformung Technische Universitat BeragakademieFreibergGermany

In this research,a detailed multi-physics study has been carried out by numerically simulating a solid fractured gun barrel for 20 thermo-mechanical *** numerical model is based on thermal effects,mechanical stress fields and fatigue crack ***-plastic material data of modified AISI 4340 at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200℃and at strain rates of 4,16,32 and 48 s^(-1) was acquired from high-temperature compression *** was used as material property data in the simulation *** boundary conditions applied are kept similar to the working gun barrel during continuous firing.A methodology has been provided to define thermo-mechanically active surface-to-surface type interface between the crack faces for a better approximation of stresses at the crack *** of results from non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged simulation models provide useful information about the evolution of strains and stresses in the barrel at different points under combined thermo-mechanical loading cycles in both *** effect of thermal fatigue under already induced compressive yield due to autofrettage and the progressive degradation of the accumulated stresses due to thermo-mechanical cyclic loads on the internal surface of the gun barrel(mimicking the continuous firing scenario)has been *** between energy release rate at tips of varying crack lengths due to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading in the non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged gun has been carried out.

关键词： Steel Autofrettage Gun barrel Crack propagation Thermo-mechanical fatigue Numerical simulation Residual stress dissipation

New Discovery of Hipparion theobaldi Skull from the Late Miocene of Padhri,District Jhelum,Punjab,Pakistan and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1150-1165页

作者： Khizar SAMIULLAH Omer DRAZ riffat YASIN Bilal RASOOL Hafiz MUHAMMAD ISHAQ Muhammad HARIS AZIZ Rana MEHROZ FAZAL Shakila NAZ Tehreem RAZA Romesa NIAZI Department of Zoology Ghazi UniversityDera Ghazi Khan 32200Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 3800Pakistan Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesMNSUAMultan 06005Pakistan Dragon Animal Care Center Doha 00000Qatar

A fossil-bearing locality near Padhri village,Dhok Pathan,55 km away from the tehsil Dina,Jhelum District,in the Potwar Plateau,Middle Siwaliks,Punjab,northern Pakistan,is significantly rich in mammalian *** site has provided an abundant mammalian fossil fauna of Late Miocene age from the Dhok Pathan Formation(Fm.).The recovered material belongs to four families:Equidae(horses),Rhinocerotidae(rhinos),Bovidae(cows),and Suidae(pigs).We discovered a new skull of hipparionine Hipparion theobaldi from this locality along with 22 specimens from the associated assemblage of fossil *** recovered material includes seven other species:the aceratheriine Chilotherium intermedium,boselaphines Tragoportax punjabicus,Selenoportax vexillarius,Pachyportax latidens,the antelope Gazella lydekkeri and suinine Propotamochoerus *** specimens are isolated teeth,fragments of maxilla,mandibles and horn *** Dhok Pathan *** generally composed of claystone,siltstone and sandstone beds and,based on the mammalian fauna,the Padhri fossil locality is dated as Late ***99 s formation was deposited in a subtropical paleoenvironment and the predominance of fossil bovids indicates extremely moist conditions with small but frequent standing water bodies.

关键词： vertebrate paleontology mammals fossil horses Dhok Pathan Formation Siwaliks Punjab