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Pediatric intestinal obstruction: analysis of etiologies and factors influencing short-term outcomes in Rwanda

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第4期5卷 255-260页

作者： Isaie Twahirwa Cyriaque Ndayiragije Martin Nyundo Jennifer rickard Edmond Ntaganda Surgery University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health SciencesKigaliRwanda Surgery University Teaching Hospital of ButareButareRwanda Surgery University Teaching Hospital of KigaliKigaliRwanda Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Background Intestinal obstruction is a common presentation in pediatric surgical emergencies and presents with different etiologies depending on country or *** morbidity and mortality are high in low-income and middle-income countries,with variable influencing *** aims of this study were to determine the etiologies,morbidity and mortality of pediatric intestinal obstruction and to assess the factors associated with the outcomes of these conditions in *** This was a cross-sectional study conducted on pediatric patients with intestinal obstruction in two Rwandan university teaching *** patients were followed from admission until discharge,and we documented their basic characteristics,diagnosis,operative details and postoperative *** were collected using data collection form and were electronically captured and analysed using SPSS *** A total of 65 patients were enrolled in this *** were predominantly male(n=49,75.4%),and the majority of patients(86.2%)were below age 6 *** was the most common etiology(n=22,33.8%).Other common etiologies were Hirschsprung’s disease(n=13,20%),incarcerated inguinal and umbilical hernias(n=6,9.2%),intestinal worms’impaction(n=5,7.7%)and adhesions(n=5,7.7%).Mortality and morbidity were 9.2%and 39.7%,*** most common complications were surgical site infection(n=6,9.5%)and sepsis(n=6,9.5%).Preoperative anemia(p=0.001),finding of gangrenous bowels(p=0.003)and bowel resection at the time of laparotomy(p=0.039)were factors associated with postoperative *** The etiologies of intestinal obstruction are variable and common in children below 6 years in *** associated morbidly is high and is influenced by the preoperative anemia,finding of gangrenous bowels and bowel resection.

关键词： obstruction anemia diagnosis

Developing Large-Scale Dry Ports—The Case of Arriyadh

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2013年第3期3卷 194-203页

作者： rickard Bergqvist Logistics and Transport Research Group Department of Business AdministrationSchool of BusinessEconomics and LawUniversity of GothenburgGoteborgSweden

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development process of a large scale dry port and to analyse what measures and actions are needed in order to support the decision making process and ensure an effective and efficient dry port that serves the City and the region’s current and future needs. The purpose is explored in the context of Saudi Arabiaand the city ofArriyadh. Key issues identified related to the dry port development are long term planning and crosssector collaboration. The interconnection between the dry port and the overall transport system and aspects, such as location of business, city logistics, road and rail infrastructure, local, regional and national regulations, etc., is strong. This puts challenge on the coordination and alignment of the different organizations, their strategies and objectives. In a complex situation, such as developing a dry port with many stakeholders, it is crucial that the roles of all actors are clearly defined. This is essential for utilizing the dry port as a regional tool for planning. In that regard, it is appropriate that the site location decision is clearly connected with an overall city freight vision and strategy.

关键词： Dry Ports Arriyadh Development Process Infrastructure Development Intermodal Terminal

Indications and surgical options for small bowel, large bowel and perianal Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第40期22卷 8892-8904页

作者： James WT Toh Peter Stewart Matthew JFX rickard Rupert Leong Nelson Wang Christopher J Young Department of Colorectal Surgery Concord Repatriation General Hospital South Western Sydney Clinical School University of New South Wales Liverpool Hospital School of Medicine Western Sydney University Liverpool Hospital Ingham Institute of Applied Research Liverpool Hospital Discipline of Surgery Sydney Medical School the University of Sydney Department of Gastroenterology Concord Repatriation General Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

Despite advancements in medical therapy of Crohn's disease(CD), majority of patients with CD will eventually require surgical intervention, with at least a third of patients requiring multiple surgeries. It is important to understand the role and timing of surgery, with the goals of therapy to reduce the need for surgery without increasing the odds of emergency surgery and its associated morbidity, as well as to limit surgical recurrence and avoid intestinal failure. The profile of CD patients requiring surgical intervention has changed over the decades with improvements in medical therapy with immunomodulators and biological agents. The most common indication for surgery is obstruction from stricturing disease, followed by abscesses and fistulae. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in CD is high but the likelihood of needing surgery for bleeding is low. Most major gastrointestinal bleeding episodes resolve spontaneously, albeit the risk of re-bleeding is high. The risk of colorectal cancer associated with CD is low. While current surgical guidelines recommend a total proctocolectomy for colorectal cancer associated with CD, subtotal colectomy or segmental colectomy with endoscopic surveillance may be a reasonable option. Approximately 20%-40% of CD patients will need perianal surgery during their lifetime. This review assesses the practice parameters and guidelines in the surgical management of CD, with a focus on the indications for surgery in CD(and when not to operate), and a critical evaluation of the timing and surgical options available to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence rates.

关键词： Surgery Crohn’s disease Major abdominal surgery Perianal Inflammatory bowel disease Colon cancer

Time-resolved, defect-hosted, trace element mobility in deformedWitwatersrand pyrite

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 55-63页

作者： Denis Fougerouse Steven M.Reddy Christopher L.Kirkland David W.Saxey William D.rickard Robert M.Hough School of Earth and Planetary Sciences The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) Curtin University Geoscience Atom Probe Advanced Resource Characterisation Facility John de Laeter Centre Curtin University CSIRO Minerals Resources

The Pb isotopic composition of rocks is widely used to constrain the sources and mobility of melts and hydrothermal fluids in the Earth's crust. In many cases, the Pb isotopic composition appears to represent mixing of multiple Pb reservoirs. However, the nature, scale and mechanisms responsible for isotopic mixing are not well known. Additionally, the trace element composition of sulphide minerals are routinely used in ore deposit research, mineral exploration and environmental studies, though little is known about element mobility in sulphides during metamorphism and deformation. To investigate the mechanisms of trace element mobility in a deformed Witwatersrand pyrite(FeS_2), we have combined electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) and atom probe microscopy(APM). The results indicate that the pyrite microstructural features record widely different Pb isotopic compositions, covering the entire range of previously published sulphide Pb compositions from the Witwatersrand basin. We show that entangled dislocations record enhanced Pb, Sb, Ni, Tl and Cu composition likely due to entrapment and short-circuit diffusion in dislocation cores. These dislocations preserve the Pb isotopic composition of the pyrite at the time of growth(~3 Ga) and show that dislocation intersections, likely to be common in deforming minerals, limit trace element mobility. In contrast, Pb, As, Ni, Co, Sb and Bi decorate a highangle grain boundary which formed soon after crystallisation by sub-grain rotation *** isotopic composition within this boundary indicates the addition of externally-derived Pb and trace elements during greenschist metamorphism at ~2 Ga. Our results show that discrete Pb reservoirs are nanometric in scale, and illustrate that grain boundaries may remain open systems for trace element mobility over 1 billion years after their formation.

关键词： Atom probe microscopy Nanoscale Nanogeochronology Microstructure Isotope geochemistry Common Pb

High-Capacity Transport Associated with Pre- and Post-Haulage in Intermodal Road-Rail Transport

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2014年第3期4卷 289-301页

作者： Ying Ye Jiali Shen rickard Bergqvist Industrial and Financial Management&Logistics Department of Business AdministrationSchool of BusinessEconomics and LawUniversity of GothenburgGoteborgSweden

This paper develops a model for analyzing the potential of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) related to pre- and post-haulage in the intermodal rail-road transport chain (IRT). The paper considers the combined economic and emission costs among three different transport networks including intermodal rail-road transport with current Swedish regulatory framework for trucks, intermodal rail-road transport with LHVs, and direct-road transport. The objective is to analyse the potential of high-capacity transport associated with pre- and post-haulage for enhancing the competitiveness of intermodal transport from a full-costs perspective. The model developed is applied to a Swedish context and case study. Research findings reveal that the break-even of the IRT compared to the direct road transport could be significantly lowered, which suggests the LHVs contribute to exploring the market of IRT over smaller flows.

关键词： Intermodal Transport HCT Sustainable Transport Pre-and Post-Haulage Modal Shift

Transport Policy——The Perspective of Swedish Stakeholders

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2014年第3期4卷 175-186页

作者： Hilda Karlsson rickard Bergqvist Lars Brigelius Industrial and Financial Management&Logistics Department of Business AdministrationSchool of BusinessEconomics and Law at University of GothenburgGoteborgSweden

Differences between countries’ internalization degrees and between transport modes both tend to risk distorting competition and creating socioeconomic inefficiency. This review examines regulations and charges for freight transports for different transport modes in Sweden and compares the situation with other key European countries. The aim was to identify best practices and benchmarking for Swedish conditions. The project involved both a literature study and interviews with different stakeholders. It was found that today’s fee structure for goods transports often deviated from the views of different stakeholders and market segments. The problem is that it is difficult to estimate and plan well in advance due to a lack of relevant data. Economic transport data are often extracted from heavily aggregated data where resource consumption and production costs for transport are unclear, preventing reliable estimates and obstructing the calculation of marginal costs and internalization of externalities through charges imposed on the respective transport modes and transport units. Furthermore, there is little research on how railroad and shipping are affected by changes and introduction of truck fees. The latter implies that truck fees must be seen from a European perspective to assess their effect on the overall transport system. Other aspects that are important to highlight are the extent and point in time for railroad deregulation. Further, it became clear from the stakeholder analysis that all fees and policies need to be both comprehensible and transparent through good communication of rules and by explaining the fee structures to all those concerned.

关键词： Transport Policy Fees Regulation Stakeholder Analysis Sweden

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一种用于温度超过800C的奥氏体球墨铸铁

铸造 1989年第4期38卷 35-37页

作者： J.rickard 杨清顺

自古以来,非合金铸铁被用于炉条、炉栅炉衬垫等抗热件上.在普通铸铁中加少量Ni和Cr时,其耐热性有所改善,但其使用寿命不能满足重要件的高要求.在球铁中加入Si和Mo,其性能可进一步改善,但是,即使是合金含量更高的球铁,仍不能用于超过800... 详细信息

自古以来,非合金铸铁被用于炉条、炉栅炉衬垫等抗热件上.在普通铸铁中加少量Ni和Cr时,其耐热性有所改善,但其使用寿命不能满足重要件的高要求.在球铁中加入Si和Mo,其性能可进一步改善,但是,即使是合金含量更高的球铁,仍不能用于超过800℃的零件上.因而导致了本文所述的一种用于温度超过800℃的耐热铸铁的发展.

关键词：奥氏体球墨铸铁 D-5S铸铁

Effects of Victim Innocence and BJW （Belief in a Just World） Upon Derogation of an Ingroup/Outgroup Victim

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Psychology Research 2012年第2期2卷 135-141页

作者： rickard A. Sebby Lindsey M. Johnston Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau USA

According to the BJW (belief in a just world) theory, a person is more likely to derogate a victim when that victim threatens their BJW. An innocent victim and a victim who is more similar (an ingroup member) are more threatening to a person"s BJW than a non-innocent outgroup victim with such a threat resulting in greater victim derogation. In the present study, group membership and victim innocence were manipulated. Group membership was based on status (college students vs. non-college students). College students (n = 162) were randomly assigned to either a BJW threating or BJW confirming condition. A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA (analysis of variance) found an interaction between the BJW manipulation and group membership; participants whose BJW was threatened derogated the non-student (outgroup) more than the control. Contrary to expected results, the college student (ingroup) victim was not as highly derogated as the outgroup member. We suggest that more subtle social categories (not just differences associated with traditional racial or ethnic prejudice) may influence the ways individuals defend or reestablish their BJW.

关键词：受害者世界公正大学生随机分配相互作用方差分析威胁

Forecasting Baltic Dirty Tanker Index by Applying Wavelet Neural Networks

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2013年第1期3卷 68-87页

作者： Shuangrui Fan Tingyun Ji Wilmsmeier Gordon Bergqvist rickard Logistics and Transport Research Group Department of Business Administration School of Business Economics and Law at University of Gothenburg Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Transport Research Institute (TRI) Edinburgh Napier

Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index (BDTI) is an important assessment index in world dirty tanker shipping industry. Actors in the industry sector can gain numerous benefits from accurate forecasting of the BDTI. However, limitations exist in traditional stochastic and econometric explanation modeling techniques used in freight rate forecasting. At the same time research in shipping index forecasting e.g. BDTI applying artificial intelligent techniques is scarce. This analyses the possibilities to forecast the BDTI by applying Wavelet Neural Networks (WNN). Firstly, the characteristics of traditional and artificial intelligent forecasting techniques are discussed and rationales for choosing WNN are explained. Secondly, the components and features of BDTI will be explicated. After that, the authors delve the determinants and influencing factors behind fluctuations of the BDTI in order to set inputs for WNN forecasting model. The paper examines non-linearity and non-stationary features of the BDTI and elaborates WNN model building procedures. Finally, the comparison of forecasting performance between WNN and ARIMA time series models show that WNN has better forecasting accuracy than traditionally used modeling techniques.

关键词： BDTI Tanker Freight Rates Forecasting Wavelets Neural Networks Shipping Finance