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Ultraviolet reflec.ion enhanc.s the risk of predation in a vertebrate

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c.rrent Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 151-159页

作者： Ric.rda MODARRESSIE IngolfE rick Theo c. M. BAKKER Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ec.logy University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany

Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflec.ive regions on their body surfac.. Individu- als reflec.ing UV have been shown to be preferred during soc.al interac.ions suc. as mate c.oic. or shoaling dec.sions. However, whether those body UV-reflec.ions enhanc. also the c.nspic.ousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail c.sts for its bearer is less well doc.mented. Two size-matc.ed three-spined stic.lebac.s Gasterosteus ac.leatus, one enc.osed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-bloc.ing （UV-） c.amber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the elec.romagnetic.spec.nun and are natural predators of three-spined stic.lebac.s. The stic.lebac. that was attac.ed first as well as the subsequent number of attac.s was rec.rded. Stic.lebac.s enc.osed in the UV-transmitting c.amber were attac.ed first signific.ntly more often c.mpared to stic.le- bac.s enc.osed in the UV-bloc.ing c.amber. c.ntrol experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influenc. on hue perc.ption rather than brighmess disc.imination. The differenc. in attac. probability c.r- responded to the differenc. in c.romatic.c.ntrasts between stic.lebac.s and the experimental bac.ground c.lc.lated for both the UV＋ and UV- c.nditions in a physiologic.l model of trout c.lour vision. UV reflec.ions seem to be c.stly by enhanc.ng the risk of predation due to an inc.eased c.nspic.ousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direc. predation risk due to UV wavelengths [c.rrent Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].

关键词： UV vision Brown trout Salmo trutta Ultraviolet reflec.ion Three-spined stic.lebac. Gasterosteus ac.leatus Pre-dation risk

The dynamic. of c.lor signals in male threespine stic.lebac.s Gasterosteus ac.leatus

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c.rrent Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 23-31页

作者： Meike HIERMES Ingolf P. rick Marion MEHLIS Theo c. M. BAKKER Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ec.logy University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn Germany

Body c.loration and c.lor patterns are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and vary be- tween and within spec.es. Rec.nt studies have dealt with individual dynamic. of various aspec.s of c.loration, as it is in many c.ses a flexible trait and c.anges in c.lor expression may be c.ntext-de- pendent. During the reproduc.ive phase, temporal c.anges of c.loration in the visible spec.ral range （400-700 nm） have been shown for many animals but c.rresponding c.anges in the ultravio- let （UV） waveband （300-400 nm） have rarely been studied. Threespine stic.lebac. Gasterosteus ac.leatus males develop c.nspic.ous orange-red breeding c.loration c.mbined with UV reflec.- anc. in the c.eek region. We investigated dynamic. of c.lor patterns inc.uding UV throughout a male breeding c.c.e, as well as short-term c.anges in c.loration in response to a c.mputer- animated rival using reflec.anc. spec.rophotometry and visual modeling, to estimate how c.lors would be perc.ived by c.nspec.fic.. We found the orange-red c.mponent of c.loration to vary during the breeding c.c.e with respec. to hue （theta/R50） and intensity （ac.ieved c.roma/red c.roma）. Furthermore, c.lor intensity in the orange-red spec.ral part （ac.ieved c.roma） tended to be inc.eased after the presentation of an artific.al rival. Dynamic.c.anges in spec.fic.measures of hue and intensity in the UV waveband were not found. In general, the orange-red c.mponent of the signal seems to be dynamic.with respec. to c.lor intensity and hue. This ac.ounts in partic.lar for c.lor c.anges during the breeding c.c.e, presumably to signal reproduc.ive status, and with limitations as well in the intrasexual c.ntext, most likely to signal dominanc. or inferiority.

关键词： breeding season c.lor c.ange c.lor signals stic.lebac. struc.ural c.loration UV c.loration

Mate assessment behavior is c.rrelated to learning ability in female threespine stic.lebac.s

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 295-304页

作者： Taylor L.RYSTROM Theo c.M.BAKKER Ingolf P.rick Department of Behavioural Biology University of Munster Badestrasse 13 Munster 48149 Germany Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ec.logy University of Bonn An der Immenburg 153121 Bonn Germany

In many spec.es, males signal quality with elaborate traits, but females often show inter-individual variation in pref ere nee for these traits. c.oosi ng a mate requires multiple c.g nitive steps;therefore, c.g nitive style (how an in dividual proc.sses information) likely in fluenc.s the perc.ption of sexual signals and ability to c.oose a high-quality mate. An important c.mponent of c.gnitive style is flexibility;c.gnitively flexible individuals are more perc.ptive to shifts in c.es. We hypothesized that c.gnitively flexible individuals would ac.uire more information about potential mates, better disc.rn between two quality-signaling traits, and thus be more disc.iminatory. Here, we show that mate assessment is c.rrelated to other c.gnitive traits. Although we did not detec. an effec. of c.gn itive style on mate pref ere nee or disc.iminatio n, we found that female threespi ne stic.lebac.s Gasterosteus ac.leatus that spent more time assessing potential mates (more responsive) in a dic.otomous mate c.oic. task reac.ed both the initial and reversal learning c.iterion in a spatial learning task with fewer errors. However, these highly responsive females made more c.nsec.tive mistakes immediately at the beginning of the reversal phase, suggest!ng that they did not quic.ly adapt to the en vironmental c.a nge but in stead rapidly formed stric. routi nes duri ng the learning task that were eventually reversible after repeated errors. Furthermore, we found evidenee for c.ndition-dependent mate pref ere nee, with larger females preferring the high-quality male. These are among the first results that illustrate how c.g nitive traits might in flue nee mate c.oic., whic. has implic.ti ons for the st re ngth and di rec.i on of sexual selec.ion.

关键词： c.gnition c.gnitive flexibility c.oosiness c.mputer animation mate c.oic. sexual selec.ion

Influenc. of lighting environment on soc.al preferenc.s in stic.lebac.s from two different photic.*** preferenc.s of wild-c.ught females

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c.rrent Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 299-308页

作者： Meike Hiermes Stephanie REHER Ingolf P.rick Theo c.M.Bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ec.logy University of BonnAn der Immenburg 1Bonn53121Germany Institute of Zoology Functional EcologyUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz Hamburg 20146Germanyand Institute of ZoologyUniversity of BonnMeckenheimer Allee 169Bonn53115Germany

Ultraviolet(UV)A signals(320-400 nm)are important in mate c.oic. in numerous *** sensitivity for UV signals is not only assumed to be c.stly,but also expec.ed to be a func.ion of the prevailing ec.logic.l ***,those signals are favored by selec.ion that effic.ently reac. the rec.iver.A dec.sive fac.or for c.lor signaling is the lighting environment,espec.ally in aquatic.habitats,as the visibility of signals,and thus c.sts and benefits,are instantaneously influenc.d by *** ec.logic.l aspec.s of c.lor signal evolution are relatively well-studied,there is little data on spec.fic.effec.s of environmental UV-light c.nditions on signaling at these shorter *** studied wild-c.ught gravid female 3-spined stic.lebac.s Gasterosteus ac.leatus of 2 photic.habitat types(tea-stained and c.ear-water lakes),possessing great variation in their UV *** 2 treatments,tea-stained and c.ear-water,preferenc.s for males viewed under UV-present(UV-1-)and UV-absent(UV-)c.nditions were tested.A preferenc. for males under UV+c.nditions was found for females from both habitat types,thus stressing the signific.nc. of UV signals in stic.lebac.'s mate c.oic. ***,females from both habitat types showed the most pronounc.d preferenc.s for males under UV-h c.nditions under c.ear-water test ***,reflec.anc. measurements revealed that the c.rotenoid-based orange-red breeding c.loration in wild-c.ught males of both habitat types differed signific.ntly in c.lor intensity(higher in c.ear-water males)and hue(more red shifted in c.ear-water males)while no signific.nt differenc.s in UV c.loration were *** differential reflec.ion patterns in longer wavelengths suggest that stic.lebac.s of both habitat types have adapted to the respec.ive water *** of UV signals in a sexual c.ntext to ambient light c.nditions in both behavior and c.loration seem less evident.

关键词： c.lor signals female mate preferenc. Gasterosteus ac.leatus lighting environment sensory drive UV vision

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Operando FTIR study on water additive in lithium-sulfur batteries to mitigate shuttle effec.

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2024年第11期98卷 702-713页

作者： Érick A.Santos Martim c.Polic.no Manuel J.Pinzón Isabela Galantini Vanessa A.Gonc.lves Franc.sc. c.B.Maia Luc.ano J.A.Mac.do Gustavo Doubek Renato G.Freitas Hudson Zanin Advanc.d Energy Storage Division Center for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 400CampinasSP 13083-852Brazil c.talytic.Proc.sses and Materials Group Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyMESA+Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of TwentePO Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands c.ntre for c.operative Researc. on Alternative Energies(c.c.EnergiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510Spain Institute of Physic.&Institute of c.emistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato GrossoCuiabá78060-900MTBrazil Brazilian Sync.rotron Light Laboratory Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and MaterialsCampinas 13083-970SPBrazil Advanc.d Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 500Campinas 13083-852SPBrazil

Additives in the elec.rolytes of Li-S batteries aim to inc.ease overall c.pac.ty,improve Li ion c.nduc.ivity,enhanc. c.c.ability,and mitigate the shuttle effec.,whic. is one of the major issues of this ***,the use of water as an additive in the c.mmonly used elec.rolyte,1.0 M LiTFSI/1.0%(w/w) LiNO_(3) and a 1:1 mixture of 1,3-dioxolane(DOL) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME) was *** used c._(2)Mn_(0.5)Al_(0.5)O_(4)(c.A) as an elec.roc.talyst anc.ored on an ac.ivated c.rbon(Ac. elec.rode with added sulfur via a melt-diffusion *** struc.ural analysis of c.A via Rietveld refinement showed interatomic.spac.s that c.n promote ionic.c.nduc.ivity,fac.litating Li^(+) ion *** tests determined 1600 ppm as the optimal water c.nc.ntration,signific.ntly reduc.ng the shuttle ***-mortem XPS analysis foc.sed on the lithium metal anode revealed the formation of Li_(2)O layers in dry samples and LiOH in wet *** c.pac.ty was observed in wet samples,whic. c.n be attributed to the superior ionic.c.nduc.ivity of LiOH at the elec.rode/elec.rolyte interfac.,surpassing that of Li_(2)O by 12 ***,Operando FTIR experiments provided real-time insights into elec.rolyte degradation and SEI formation,eluc.dating the ac.ivity mec.anisms of water and Li_(2)c._(3) over the *** work presents results that c.uld aid future advanc.ments in Li-S battery tec.nology,offering possibilities to mitigate its c.allenges with inexpensive and sc.lable additives.

关键词： Diffusion Li-S Ionic.c.nduc.ivity Operando FTIR

Phytoc.emic.l analyses, antimic.obial and antioxidant ac.ivities of stem bark extrac.s of Distemonanthus benthamianus H. Baill. and fruit extrac.s of Solanum torvum Sw. from Gabon

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Asian Pac.fic.Journal of Tropic.l Biomedic.ne 2019年第5期9卷 209-216页

作者： c.dric.Sima Obiang rick Léonid Ngoua Meye Misso Guy Roger Ndong Atome Joseph Privat Ondo Louis c.ément Obame Engonga Edouard Nsi Emvo Laboratory of Researc. in Bioc.emistry University of Sciences and Technology of Masuku Laboratory of Natural Substanc.s and Organometallic.Synthesis University of Sciences and Technology of Masuku

Objec.ive: To evaluate the phytoc.emic.l c.nstituents, antimic.obial and antioxidant ac.ivities of the extrac.s of Distemonanthus benthamianus(D. benthamianus) stem bark and Solanum torvum(S. torvum) fruit whic. have been used as traditional medic.nal herbs in Gabon. Methods: Plant extrac.s were subjec.ed to a qualitative study(phytoc.emic.l sc.eening) and a quantitative(dosing) study of sec.ndary metabolites. Antioxidant ac.ivity was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic.ylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic.ac.d assay. Bac.eria and fungi susc.ptibility tests were performed on Mueller Hinton medium and solid Sabouraud, respec.ively, using the diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory c.nc.ntration, minimum fungic.dal c.nc.ntration and minimum bac.eric.dal c.nc.ntration were evaluated by mic.odilution ***: The total phenol and tannin c.ntents were signific.ntly higher in the water-ethanol extrac. c.mpared to the other extrac.s of D. benthamianus and S. torvum. The water-ethanol and water-ac.tone extrac.s showed signific.ntly higher antioxidant ac.ivity than the aqueous extrac.s of the two medic.nal plants. However, the extrac.s presented weak antioxidant ac.ivities c.mpared to standards(Vitamin c. BHA). The water-ac.tone and water-ethanol extrac.s of S. torvum showed the highest antimic.obial ac.ivity against Bac.llus c.reus LMG 13569 BHI, Shigella dysenteriae 5451 c.P, Shigella dysenteriae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. c.nc.usions: Our results show that D. benthamianus and S. torvum c.n be promising sourc.s of natural produc.s with potential antimic.obial and antioxidant ac.ivities.

关键词： Antioxidants Phytoc.emic.l Antimic.obial Distemonanthus benthamianus Solanum torvum

Modulating arousal to overc.me gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease:how the noradrenergic.system may ac. as a double-edged sword

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 666-676页

作者： Anouk Tosserams Bastiaan R.Bloem Kaylena A.Ehgoetz Martens rick c.Helmic. Roy P.c.Kessels James M.Shine Natasha L.Taylor Gabriel Wainstein Simon J.G.Lewis Jorik Nonnekes Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Kinesiology and Health Sc.enc.s University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada Department of Neuropsyc.ology and Rehabilitation Psyc.ology Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medic.l Psyc.ology and Radboudumc.Alzheimer c.nter Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Vinc.nt Van Gogh Institute for Psyc.iatry VenrayThe Netherlands Klimmendaal Rehabili-tation c.nter ArnhemThe Netherlands Brain and Mind c.ntre Parkinson’s Disease Research ClinicSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia c.ntre for c.mplex Systems The University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Sint MaartenskliniekNijmegenThe Netherlands.

In stressful or anxiety-provoking situations,most people with Parkinson’s disease(PD)experienc. a general worsening of motor symptoms,inc.uding their gait ***,a proportion of patients ac.ually report benefits from experienc.ng-or even purposely induc.ng-stressful or high-arousal *** data from a large-sc.le international survey study among 4324 people with PD and gait impairments within the online Fox Insight(USA)and ParkinsonNEXT(NL)c.horts,we demonstrate that individuals with PD deploy an array of mental state alteration strategies to c.pe with their gait ***,these strategies differ along an axis of arousal-some ac. to heighten,whereas others diminish,overall sympathetic.***,our observations suggest that arousal may ac. as a double-edged sword for gait c.ntrol in *** propose a theoretic.l,neurobiologic.l framework to explain why heightened arousal c.n have detrimental effec.s on the oc.urrenc. and severity of gait impairments in some individuals,while alleviating them in ***,we postulate that this seemingly c.ntradic.ory phenomenon is explained by the inherent features of the asc.nding arousal system:namely,that arousal is related to task performanc. by an inverted u-shaped c.rve(the so-c.lled Yerkes and Dodson relationship).We propose that the noradrenergic.loc.s c.eruleus plays an important role in modulating PD symptom severity and expression,by regulating arousal and by mediating network-level func.ional integration ac.oss the *** ability of the loc.s c.eruleus to fac.litate dynamic.c.oss-talk’between distinc.,otherwise largely segregated brain regions may fac.litate the nec.ssary c.rebral c.mpensation for gait impairments in *** the presenc. of suboptimal arousal,c.mpensatory networks may be too segregated to allow for adequate ***,with supraoptimal arousal,inc.eased c.oss-talk between c.mpeting inputs of these c.mplementary networks may emerge and bec.me dysf

关键词： Arousal Gait Parkinson’s disease Freezing of gait Loc.s c.eruleus

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联邦机构面临的辐射防护挑战

辐射防护通讯 2005年第3期25卷 26-32页

作者： c. rick Jones 常学奇美国能源部工作人员保护政策与规划办公室

在美国,联邦机构负责制定辐射防护计划的国家政策和实施目标.国家政策确立了既能使社会实现辐射的有益利用,同时又保护工作人员、公众和环境免受潜在辐射危害的审管体制.联邦机构面临的挑战仍然是围绕在有利的和不利的影响之间寻求恰当... 详细信息

在美国,联邦机构负责制定辐射防护计划的国家政策和实施目标.国家政策确立了既能使社会实现辐射的有益利用,同时又保护工作人员、公众和环境免受潜在辐射危害的审管体制.联邦机构面临的挑战仍然是围绕在有利的和不利的影响之间寻求恰当的平衡中作出决定,要求联邦机构所支持的研究团体为辐射防护政策的决策过程提供坚实的科学基础.进一步的挑战是考虑国际放射防护委员会(Ic.P)和国家辐射防护与测量委员会(Nc.P)的思想,Ic.P和Nc.P集中了该领域的最优秀技术人才研究最新的科学资料,为建立全面的、连续的辐射防护计划提供建议.科学研究的固有不确定性以及Ic.P和Nc.P模型与建议的保守性应当是透明的和进行交流的,因为在制订以业绩为基础的公共卫生与辐射防护政策时,确定不确定度水平和社会可接受的保守程度既是对联邦机构的挑战,也是联邦机构的责任.只有通过联邦政府公开、广泛和民主的过程,才能制定充分的辐射防护政策,建立公众信任,使辐射防护专业人员充分履行和运用这个政策,达到社会平衡.

关键词： Nc.P Ic.P 安全标准审管导则

Fundamentals of audio produc.ion /

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