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Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： richard t.corlet. Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

the Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

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Seed dispersal in Hong Kong,China:past,present and possible futures

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 97-109页

作者： richard t.corlet. Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

In the present article,published and unpublished information regarding seed dispersal in the degraded landscape of Hong Kong,China,is *** was available for 1681 native plant species,of which 1165 were assigned to probable seed dispersal *** accounted for one-third(34.4%)of all species evaluated,half(54.4%)of those from forests,and more than two-thirds(69.2%)of all trees and tall *** dispersal(25.9%)and dispersal by an unknown agent(30.7%)accounted for most of the rest,with the unknown species mostly small-seeded *** the frugivore fauna of the Hong Kong region has been truncated since the late Pleistocene,there are few clear examples of failed *** most striking is the absence of scatter-hoarding rodents from Hong Kong,despite the presence of forest trees that appear to require them for effective *** are also some large Lauraceae fruits that appear to be targeted at larger-gaped birds than currently *** endozoochorous species are dispersed by 3 small passerine birds(Pycnonotus jocosus,***,and Zosterops japonicus),with larger birds,fruit bats(Cynopterus sphinx,Rousettus leschenaulti),rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta),civets(Paguma larvata,Viverricula indica),and muntjacs(Muntiacus muntjac)accounting for the *** low plant diversity in frugivore droppings,seed traps,and secondary vegetation suggests plant succession may be dispersal limited,although this has not been investigated *** underdispersed species is the simplest solution but,in the longer term,the(re)introduction of a scatter-hoarding rodent should be considered as well as that of other locally and regionally extinct frugivores.

关键词： China extinctions frugivory reintroduction seed dispersal

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transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.IMRAN t.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

this paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. the influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. to depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).the effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid oscillating curved stretchable sheet gyrotactic microorganism Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux chemical reaction analytical solution O368

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Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation-A mechanistic approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 1-13页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko Sudarshan Kurwadkar richard t.Wilkin Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOK 74820USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

Permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites *** technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron(ZVI)as a reductant and as a reactive *** development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still *** information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic ***,there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through *** this review paper,we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated *** discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion *** review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within *** findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of *** occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity,which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity,allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment *** development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation.

关键词： Permeable reactive barrier Reduction potential Plating reactions Surface passivation Geochemistry Iron

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Scalable Deposition Methods for Large-Area Production of Perovskite thin Films

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2019年第2期2卷 119-145页

作者： richard Swartwout Maximilian t.Hoerantner Vladimir Bulovic Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge MA 02139USA

the recent steady improvements in the performance of the nascent hybrid perovskite photovoltaic(PV)devices have led to power conversion efficiencies that rival the best-performing established PV ***,to scale these laboratory demonstrations to PV module-scale production will require development of scalable deposition methods for perovskite thin *** record result for perovskite PVs so far was achieved via spin coating,a technique that is popular in research laboratories for thin-film coating over relatively small device areas,but not considered to be a method that could be used to scale up the manufacturing of perovskite *** larger thin-film areas are needed for future commercial PV ***,some researchers have focused their efforts on perovskite deposition techniques that can be considered as scalable for mass production and have achieved notable results even on large ***,we present an overview of the solution-based and vapor-based deposition processes;we explain their influence on the molecular crystal growth behavior of perovskite thin films and discuss the morphology as well as other material quality *** presenting a comprehensive comparison of the deposition techniques and the corresponding performance parameters for different device sizes,we intent to guide the growing research community through the methods that might enable mass production of perovskite solar products.

关键词： perovskite solar cells scalable deposition solution processing vapor deposition

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the impact of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), child-turcotte-pugh (CtP) score and disease staging on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients: a retrospective cohort from single oncology center

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Oncology research 2025年第1期33卷 149-160页

作者： Nasser Mulla Yousef Katib Asim M Almughamsi Duaa S Alkhayat Mohamed Mosaad Samir t Alfotih Rawan Alaofi Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Taibah University Madinah 42278 Saudi Arabia. Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Taibah University Madinah 42278 Saudi Arabia. Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Taibah University Madinah 42278 Saudi Arabia. Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt. King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City Madinah 42311 Saudi Arabia. Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital Madinah 41511 Saudi Arabia.

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in Saudi Arabia. Our study aimed to investigate the patterns of HCC and the effect of tNM staging, Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), and Child-turcotte Pugh (CtP) on patients' overall survival (OS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 HCC patients at a single oncology center in Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2020. All patients had to fulfill one of the following criteria: (a) a liver lesion reported as definitive HCC on dynamic imaging and/or (b) a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis.Results:the mean patient age of all HCC cases was 66.8 with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1. All patients were stratified into two groups: viral HCC (n = 22, 51%) and non-viral HCC (n = 21, 49%). Among viral-HCC patients, 55% were due to HBV and 45% due to HCV. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 79% of cases. Age and sex did not significantly statistically differ in OS among viral and non-viral HCC patients (-value > 0.05). About 65% of patients had tumor size >5 cm during the diagnosis, with a significant statistical difference in OS (-value = 0.027). AFP was >400 ng/ml in 45% of the patients. there was a statistically significant difference in the OS in terms of AFP levels (-value = 0.021). A statistically significant difference was also observed between the CtP score and OS (-value = 0.02). CtP class B had the longest survival. BSC was the most common treatment provided to HCC patients followed by sorafenib therapy. there was a significant statistical difference in OS among viral and non-viral HCC patients (-value = 0.008).Conclusions:the most common predictors for OS were the underlying cause of HCC, AFP, and tumor size. Being having non-viral etiology, a tumor size >5 cm, an AFP > 400 ng/mL, and a CtP score class C were all negatively associated with OS.

关键词： Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Child-turcotte-pugh Hepatocellular carcinoma Pattern Progression free survival

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Flow hydrodynamics drive effective fish attraction behaviour into slotted fishway entrances

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第4期35卷 782-802页

作者： Maryam Farzadkhoo richard t.Kingsford Iain M.Suthers Stefan Felder Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Effective fishways rely on attracting fish,utilising the natural rheotactic behaviour of fish to orient into an attraction flow near the *** the critical importance of attraction,understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains ***,hydrodynamic measurements of flows at slotted fishway entrances were experimented with two different designs,two velocities,three water depths,and two fish species,silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)and Australian bass(Percalates novemaculeata).Fish behaviours were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy(tKE).there were distinct differences in the attraction flow between entrance designs,irrespective of velocity and water depth.A plain slotted entrance produced a more symmetric flow in the centre of the flume,causing fish to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high *** contrast,streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow which guided fish along the wingwall towards the slotted entrance,improving attraction for both *** were clear patterns in swimming trajectories for silver perch,swimming along the sidewalls of the observation zone towards the entrance,but Australian bass were less predictable,using random routes on their way to the slotted *** species preferred areas of low turbulence(tKEthis work has important implications for design of vertical slotted entrance systems.

关键词： Attraction jet flow fish behaviour fish swimming trajectories turbulent kinetic energy(tKE) Australian native fish

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Reply to comment on“Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation–A mechanistic approach” by C. Noubactep, Geoscience Frontiers 14(2023), 101582

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 282-284页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko Sudarshan Kurwadkar richard t.Wilkin Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOklahoma 74820USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

We welcome the opportunity to address comments provided by *** and to further emphasize the concepts developed in our article titled“Long–term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive ba... 详细信息

关键词： groundwater performance valent

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Free vibration and transient response of double curved beams connected by intermediate straight beams

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 37-62页

作者： R.A.JAFARI-tALOOKOLAEI H.GHANDVAR E.JUMAEV S.KHAtIR t.CUONG-LE School of Mechanical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering New Uzbekistan University University of Business and Science Center for Engineering Application and technology Solutions Ho Chi Minh City Open University

this paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP) materials. the strain potential and kinetic energies of each beam along with the work done by the external force are calculated. Additionally, a higher-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices, along with the force vector. the curved and straight beams are discretized, and their assembled stiffness, mass matrices, and force vectors, are *** conditions at the joints are used to derive the total matrices of the entire structure. Subsequently, the natural frequencies and transient response of the system are determined. the accuracy of the mathematical model and the self-developed computer program is validated through the comparison of the obtained results with those of the existing literature and commercial software ANSYS, demonstrating excellent ***, a comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the free vibration and transient response of the considered structure.

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Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2/HCoV-19)using whole genomic data

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Zoological Research 2020年第3期41卷 247-257页

作者： Wen-Bin Yu Guang-Da tang Li Zhang richard t.corlet. Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture Shaoguan UniversityShaoguanGuangdong 512005China College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

the outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020,SARS-CoV-2(HCoV-19/2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study,we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu tM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the *** constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. the date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau(τ)using the formula t=τ/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 *** non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. the 58 haplotypes(31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China)were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome(bat-RatG13-CoV)as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes,and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. the population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore,phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases.

关键词： COVID-19 HCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 Novel pneumonia outbreak Human-to-human transmission Phyloepidemiology

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