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Distribution of Panama’s narrow-range trees:are there hot-spots?

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 801-809页

作者： Elizabeth Tokarz richard Condit Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Rte.53LisleIL 60532USA

Background:Tree species with narrow ranges are a conservation concern because heightened extinction risk accompanies their small *** risks for these species is challenging,however,especially in tropical flora where their sparse populations seldom appear in traditional plots and ***,we utilize instead large scale databases that combine tree records from many sources to test whether the narrow-range tree species of Panama are concentrated at certain elevations or in certain *** investigations have suggested that the Choco region of eastern Panama and the high mountains of western Panama may be potential hotspots of narrow-range tree ***:All individual records were collected from public databases,and the range size of each tree species found in Panama was estimated as a polygon enclosing all its *** with rangess narrow *** divided Panama into geographic regions and elevation zones and counted the number of individual records and the species richness in each,separating narrow-range species from all other ***:The proportion of narrow endemics peaked at elevations above 2000 m,reaching 17.2% of the species *** elevationss the country,the proportion was 6-11%,except in the dry Pacific region,where it was 1.5%.Wet forests of the Caribbean coast had 8.4% narrow-range species,slightly higher than other *** total number of narrow endemics,however,peaked at mid-elevation,not high elevation,because total species richness was highest at ***:High elevation forests of west Panama had higher proportions of narrow endemic trees than low-elevation regions,supporting their hot-spot status,while dry lowland forests had the lowest *** supports the notion that montane forests of Central America should be a conservation ***,given generally higher diversity at low-to mid-elevation,lowlands are also import

关键词： Narrow endemic trees Biodiversity hot-spots Panama Rarefaction High elevations BIEN database Narrow-range

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safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： richard T.Corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

The Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the Tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

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Rough sets,Their Extensions and Applications

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 217-228页

作者： richard Jensen Department of Computer science The University of Wales AberystwythCeredigion SY23 3DBUK

Rough set theory provides a useful mathematical foundation for developing automated computational systems that can help understand and make use of imperfect knowledge. Despite its recency, the theory and its extensions have been widely applied to many problems, including decision analysis, data mining, intelligent control and pattern recognition. This paper presents an outline of the basic concepts of rough sets and their major extensions, covering variable precision, tolerance and fuzzy rough sets. It also shows the diversity of successful applications these theories have entailed, ranging from financial and business, through biological and medicine, to physical, art, and meteorological.

关键词： Rough sets data processing fuzzy sets

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Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury, myelomeningocele, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5035-5048页

作者： richard A Awad Experimental Medicine and Motility Unit Gastroenterology Service U-107Mexico City General Hospital

Exciting new features have been described concerning neurogenic bowel dysfunction,including interactions between the central nervous system,the enteric nervous system,axonal injury,neuronal loss,neurotransmission of noxious and non-noxious stimuli,and the fields of gastroenterology and *** with spinal cord injury,myelomeningocele,multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease present with serious upper and lower bowel dysfunctions characterized by constipation,incontinence,gastrointestinal motor dysfunction and altered visceral *** cord injury is associated with severe autonomic dysfunction,and bowel dysfunction is a major physical and psychological burden for these *** adult myelomeningocele patient commonly has multiple problems reflecting the multisystemic nature of the *** sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder in which axonal injury,neuronal loss,and atrophy of the central nervous system can lead to permanent neurological damage and clinical ***'s disease is a multisystem disorder involving dopaminergic,noradrenergic,serotoninergic and cholinergic systems,characterizedby motor and non-motor ***'s disease affects several neuronal structures outside the substantia nigra,among which is the enteric nervous *** reports have shown that the lesions in the enteric nervous system occur in very early stages of the disease,even before the involvement of the central nervous *** has led to the postulation that the enteric nervous system could be critical in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease,as it could represent the point of entry for a putative environmental factor to initiate the pathological *** review covers the data related to the etiology,epidemiology,clinical expression,pathophysiology,genetic aspects,gastrointestinal motor dysfunction,visceral sensitivity,management,prevention and prognosis of neurogenic bowel dysfunction patients with these neurolog

关键词： Neurogenic bowel dysfunction spinal cordinjury Myelomeningocele Multiple sclerosis Parkin-son's disease Central nervous system Enteric nervoussystem

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solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron IsO 1083/Js/500-10 provides superior consistent properties in hydraulic rotators

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China Foundry 2009年第4期6卷 343-351页

作者： richard Larker Indexator AB Box 11 S-922 21 Vindeln Sweden

Consistent mechanical and machining properties are essential in many applications where ductile irons offer the most cost-effective way to produce structural *** the production of hydraulic rotators,dimensional tolerances are typically 20μm to obtain designated *** castings where intermediate strength and ductility is required,it is common knowledge that conventional ferritic-pearlitic ductile irons such as IsO 1083/500-7 show large hardness *** are mainly caused by the notoriously varying pearlite content,both at different locations within a part and between parts in the same or different *** rate variations due to different wall thickness and position in the molding box,as well as varying amounts of pearlite-stabilizing elements,all contribute to detrimental hardness *** obvious remedy is to avoid pearlite formation,and instead obtain the necessary mechanical properties by solution strengthening of the ferritic matrix by increasing silicon content to 3.7wt%-3.8wt%.The swedish development in this field 1998 resulted in a national standardization as ss 140725,followed in 2004 by IsO 1083/ Js/*** AB decided 2005 to specify Js/500-10 for all new ductile iron parts and to convert all existing *** include reduction by 75%in hardness variations and increase by 30%in cutting tool life,combined with consistently better mechanical properties.

关键词： ferritic ductile irons ferritic-pearlitic ductile irons properties hydraulic rotators solutionstrengthening

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Degenerative meniscus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期5卷 597-602页

作者： richard Howell Neil s Kumar Nimit Patel James Tom Department of Orthopedic surgery Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital

The symptomatic degenerative meniscus continues to be a source of discomfort for a significant number of patients. With vascular penetration of less than onethird of the adult meniscus, healing potential in the setting of chronic degeneration remains low. Continued hoop and shear stresses upon the degenerative meniscus results in gross failure, often in the form of complex tears in the posterior horn and midbody. Patient history and physical examination are critical to determine the true source of pain, particularly with the significant incidence of simultaneous articular pathology. Joint line tenderness, a positive Mc Murray test, and mechanical catching or locking can be highly suggestive of a meniscal source of knee pain and dysfunction. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging are frequently utilized to examine for osteoarthritis and to verify the presence of meniscal tears, in addition to ruling out other sources of pain. Non-operative therapy focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy may be able to provide pain relief as well as improve mechanical function of the knee joint. For patients re-fractory to conservative therapy, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can provide short-term gains regarding pain relief, especially when combined with an effective, regular physiotherapy program. Patients with clear mechanical symptoms and meniscal pathology may benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, but surgery is not a guaranteed success, especially with concomitant articular pathology. Ultimately, the long-term outcomes of either treatment arm provide similar results for most patients. Further study is needed regarding the short and long-term outcomes regarding conservative and surgical therapy, with a particular focus on the economic impact of treatment as well.

关键词： Meniscus Degenerative joint disease Meniscal tear Osteoarthritis Arthroscopy

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Relativistic domain-wall dynamics in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPs_(3)

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 27-35页

作者： Ignacio M.Alliati richard F.L.Evans Kostya s.Novoselov Elton J.G.santos school of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastBT71NNUK Department of Physics The University of YorkYorkYO105DDUK Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore117544Singapore Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex systems School of Physics and AstronomyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FDUK Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics The University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FDUK

The discovery of two-dimensional(2D)magnetic van der Waals(vdW)materials has flourished an endeavor for fundamental problems as well as potential applications in computing,sensing and storage *** particular interest are antiferromagnets,which due to their intrinsic exchange coupling show several advantages in relation to ferromagnets such as robustness against external magnetic *** we show that,despite of this cornerstone,the magnetic domains of recently discovered 2D vdW MnPs_(3)antiferromagnet can be controlled via magnetic fields and electric *** achieve ultrafast domain-wall dynamics with velocities up to~3000 m s^(−1)within a relativistic *** contraction and emission of spin-waves in the terahertz gap are observed with dependence on the edge termination of the *** results indicate that the implementation of 2D antiferromagnets in real applications can be further controlled through edge engineering which sets functional characteristics for ultrathin device platforms with relativistic features.

关键词： relativistic dynamics antiferromagnet

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MicroRNAs:new players in the DNA damage response

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第3期3卷 151-158页

作者： Hailiang Hu richard A.Gatti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095-1732USA Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095-1732USA

The DNA damage response(DDR)is a signal transduction pathway that decides the cell’s fate either to repair DNA damage or to undergo apoptosis if there is too much ***-translational modifications modulate the assembly and activity of protein complexes during the DDR ***(miRNAs)are emerging as a class of endogenous gene modulators that control protein levels,thereby adding a new layer of regulation to the *** this review,we describe a new role for miRNAs in regulating the cellular response to DNA damage with a focus on DNA double-strand break *** also discuss the implications of miRNA’s role in the DDR to stem cells,including embryonic stem cells and cancer stem cells,stressing the potential applications for miRNAs to be used as sensitizers for cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

关键词： microRNA DNA damage response radiosensitivity stem cells

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Is the robot necessary for enhanced recovery after minimally invasive surgery hepatectomy?

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Hepatobiliary surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 219-220页

作者： richard s.Hoehn samer T.Tohme David A.Geller Department of surgery Liver Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard of care for many operations,and laparoscopic liver resections have rapidly expanded over the past decade(1,2).In 2014,an international panel of liver surgeons determined that laparoscopic minor hepatectomy is either superior or equivalent to traditional open surgery for when performed by trained experts,depending on the outcomes examined(3).In fact,laparoscopic liver surgery has been found to be cost-effective compared to open surgery,owing to shorter length of stay,quicker recovery and less postoperative morbidity(4,5).Indications and use of laparoscopic liver surgery have expanded in recent years from minor resections to major resection and living donor liver transplant,with safe and acceptable outcomes(3).

关键词： surgery expanded robot

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Novel case of Trevor's disease:Adult onset and later recurrence

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第1期8卷 77-81页

作者： Amrit s Khalsa Neil s Kumar Matthew A Chin richard D Lackman the Department of Orthopaedic surgery Hahnemann University Hospital the Department of Orthopaedic surgery Cooper University Hospital

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica(DEH),or Trevor’s disease,is an osteocartilaginous epiphyseal overgrowth typically occurring in *** literature reports6 adult cases and none describe recurrence requiring additional *** present a new-onset proximal tibial DEH in an adult recurring approximately 3 years after open excision.A 39-year-old female presented with a history of right knee pain,swelling,and *** examination revealed a firm proximal tibial *** tomography(CT)imaging showed an exophytic,lobulated,sclerotic mass involving the anterolateral margin of the lateral tibial *** resonance imaging was suggestive of an *** patient underwent curettage of the lesion due to its periarticular *** revealed benign and reactive bone and cartilage consistent with periosteal *** and a half years later,the patient presented with a firm,palpable mass larger than the initial *** revealed a lateral tibial plateau sclerotic mass consistent with recurrent intraarticular DEH.A complete excision was performed and histology showed sclerotic bone with overlying cartilage consistent with *** is a rare epiphyseal osteocartilaginous outgrowth frequently occurring in the long bones of children less than 8 years *** resembles an osteochondroma due to its pediatric presentation and similar histologic *** cases comprise less than 1%of reported *** rate after surgical intervention is *** 1 such case,occurring in a child,has been *** contemplating operative treatment for DEH should note the potential for recurrence and consider complete excision.A follow-up period of several years may be warranted to identify recurrent lesions.

关键词： Trevor’s disease Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica Adult recurrence Proximal tibia Exostosis

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