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Invasive black spiny-tailed iguanas(Ctenosaura similis)on Gasparilla Island,Florida,USA

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 590-597页

作者： Michael L.AVERY Eric A.TILLMAN Conny SpURFELD richard M.ENGEMAN Kelin p.MACIEJEWSKI Jessica D.BROWN Emily A.FETZER United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services(USDA-WS)National Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS GainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado USA Berryman Institute Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA

The native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern Mexico through panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout-vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.

关键词： Ctenosaura similis Florida invasive reptile population control spiny-tailed iguana

Hepatitis E infection among Ghanaians:a systematic review

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2017年第1期6卷 243-248页

作者： richard Ofori-Asenso Akosua Adom Agyeman Research Unit Health Policy ConsultP.O.Box WJ 537Weija-AccraGhana

Background:Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection is considered to be of significant public health importance in many developing *** this review,we aim to summarise studies on HEV with the aim of providing a further understanding of the epidemiology of the disease in ***:A systematic review was conducted by following the recommendations outlined in the pRISMA *** on HEV infection among Ghanaians were identified by searching for articles(published up until 4th August 2016)in the pubMed,ISI Web of Science,African Journals Online,Google Scholar and the WHO African Index Medicus *** also searched the websites of the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service to identify any related non-indexed *** of all retrieved studies were screened to identify additional ***:Ten studies involving a total of 2894 participants from six regions of Ghana were *** proportion of Ghanaians showing positive serological markers for HEV infection was within the range of 5.8-71.55%.In addition,0.7-45.9%tested positive for IgM antibodies while the proportion of Ghanaians testing positive for IgG antibodies was within the range of 0-45.3%.One study reporting a case fatality rate of 66.7%among pregnant women was *** information on HEV genotypes was ***:Although based on a limited number of studies,this review does highlight that there is a high level of HEV infection among *** measures including educational interventions as well as general improvements to sanitary and living conditions are needed to reduce the burden of the ***,further research regarding the contribution of the various HEV genotypes is urgently needed to fully understand the burden of this disease in Ghana.

关键词： Hepatitis E HEV Infectious diseases Viral hepatitis Systematic review Ghana

CT Guided pudendal Nerve Block

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Open Journal of Radiology 2013年第1期3卷 41-44页

作者： Howard M. richard III richard p. Marvel Center for pelvic Pain Anne Arundel Medical Center Annapolis USA University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA

purpose: Retrospective review of CT-guided pudendal nerve blockade for chronic pelvic pain caused by pudendal neuralgia. Materials & Methods: The study included 23 patients (average age, 40.6 yr;range, 25 - 71 yr) diagnosed with pudendal neuralgia. Diagnostic criteria were: pain in the anatomic distribution of the pudendal nerve, pain worsening with sitting, pain relieved by lying down, and no sensory loss on examination. Alternative etiologies were considered and, if present, patients were excluded from the study. patients underwent 1 - 4 CT-guided pudendal nerve blocks, using 22-gauge spinal needles placed with intermittent CT guidance. The needles were directed to the expected path of the pudendal nerve, either immediately caudal to the ischial spine or in Adcock’s canal. Nerve blocks were performed with 1 cc depot methylprednisolone (40 mg/cc), Bupivacaine 0.25% (3 cc) and Lidocaine 2% (2 cc). procedure times were recorded. patients were examined for perineal and vulva anesthesia 1 h after the blocks were performed. patients’ records were reviewed for procedural success and complications. Results: procedure time was 17.1 min (range, 11 - 26). Twenty-one blocks were performed at the ischial spine, and 2 were performed at the pudendal canal. Twenty-two (95.6%) of 23 patients reported perineal analgesia after the injection was performed, for a procedural success rate of 96%. One patient developed bilateral leg weakness which resolved in 6. Conclusion: pudendal nerve block can be performed with CT guidance in a safe and effective manner. Further evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of the procedure with a prospective study is warranted.

关键词： pain Management CT Guidance Neuropathy

Does foraging mode affect metabolic responses to feeding？ A study of pygopodid lizards

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 618-625页

作者： Michael WALL Michael B. THOMpSON richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Current address: 4940 Anza St. #4 San Francisco CA 94121 USA

Foraging mode （ambush vs. active） profoundly affects many aspects of organismal biology, including metabolic rates and their relationship with food intake. previous studies on snakes suggest that ambushers tend to have lower standard metabolic rates （SMR） and higher energetic costs of digestion and assimilation of prey （specific dynamic action, or SDA） than do active foragers. However, phylogenetic considerations may be at least partly responsible for such patterns, as foraging mode is strongly conserved evolutionarily and most SDA studies have focused on species from only two lineages of ambush foragers （pythonid and viperid snakes） and one lineage of active foragers （colubrid snakes）. We sought to deconfound the effects of phylogeny and foraging mode, investigating SMR and SDA in two closely related pygopodid lizards, the common scaly-foot pygopus lepidopo- dus （active forager） and Burton＇s legless lizard Lialis burtonis （ambush forager）. Consistent with the pattern seen in snakes, L. burtonis exhibits a significantly lower SMR and a higher SDA than does p lepidopodus. The magnitude of SDA in L. burtonis is comparable to that of some pythons and vipers, providing yet more evidence for the remarkable convergence between this species and ambush-foraging snakes [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 618-625, 2013].

关键词： Ecology Metabolic rates Reptile Specific dynamic action

The characteristics, origins, and geodynamic settings of supergiant gold metallogenic provinces

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第S1期43卷 1-68页

作者： Robert Kerrich richard Goldfarb David Groves Steven Garwin Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2 Canada United States Geological Survey Box 25046 MS 964 Denver Federal Center Denver CO 80225-0046 USA Centre for Strategic Mineral Resources Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Western Australia Nedlands 6907 Western Australia Newmont Mining Corporation 1700 Lincoln Street Denver Colorado 80203 USA Correspondence should be addressed to Kerrich

There are six distinct classes of gold deposits, each represented by metallogenic provinces, having 100's to > 1 000 tonne gold production. The deposit classes are: (1) erogenic gold; (2) Carlin and Carlin-like gold deposits; (3) epithermal gold-silver deposits; (4) copper-gold porphyry deposits; (5) iron-oxide copper-gold deposits; and (6) gold-rich volcanic hosted massive sul-fide (VMS) to sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits. This classification is based on ore and alteration mineral assemblages; ore and alteration metal budgets; ore fluid pressure(s) and compositions; crustal depth or depth ranges of formation; relationship to structures and/or magmatic intrusions at a variety of scales; and relationship to the p-T-t evolution of the host terrane. These classes reflect distinct geodynamic settings. Orogenic gold deposits are generated at mid-crustal (4-16 km) levels proximal to terrane boundaries, in transpressional subduction-accretion complexes of Cordilleran style erogenic belts; other orogenic gold provinces form inboard by delamina-tion of mantle lithosphere, or plume impingement. Carlin and Carlin-like gold deposits develop at shallow crustal levels (provinces may involve asthenosphere plume impingement on the base of the lithosphere. Epithermal gold and copper-gold porphyry deposits are sited at shallow crustal levels in continental margin or intraoceanic arcs. Iron oxide copper-gold deposits form at mid to shallow crustal levels; they are associated with extensional intracratonic anorogenic magmatism. proterozoic examples are sited at the transition from thick refractory Archean mantle lithosphere to thinner proterozoic mantle lithosphere. Gold-rich VMS deposits are hydrothermal accumulations on or near the sea-floor in continental or intraoceanic back arcs.The compressional tectonics of orogenic gold deposits is generated by terrane accretion; high heat flow stems

关键词： gold deposit orogenic gold deposit geodynamics tectonic setting supercontinent.

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Matrix-Free Higher-Order Finite Element Method for parallel Simulation of Compressible and Nearly-Incompressible Linear Dedicated to professor Karl Stark pister for his 95th birthday Elasticity on Unstructured Meshes

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第12期129卷 1283-1303页

作者： Arash Mehraban Henry Tufo Stein Sture richard Regueiro Department of Computer Science University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA Department of Civil Environmentaland Architectural EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA

Higher-order displacement-based finite element methods are useful for simulating bending problems and potentially addressing mesh-locking associated with nearly-incompressible elasticity,yet are computationally *** address the computational expense,the paper presents a matrix-free,displacement-based,higher-order,hexahedral finite element implementation of compressible and nearly-compressible(ν→0.5)linear isotropic elasticity at small strain with p-multigrid *** cost,solve time,and scalability of the implementation with respect to strain energy error are investigated for polynomial order p=1,2,3,4 for compressible elasticity,and p=2,3,4 for nearly-incompressible elasticity,on different number of CpU cores for a tube bending *** the context of this matrix-free implementation,higher-order polynomials(p=3,4)generally are faster in achieving better accuracy in the solution than lower-order polynomials(p=1,2).However,for a beam bending simulation with stress concentration(singularity),it is demonstrated that higher-order finite elements do not improve the spatial order of convergence,even though accuracy is improved.

关键词： Matrix-free higher-order finite element parallel linear elasticity multigrid solvers unstructured meshes

Imaging biomarkers in parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian syndromes:current and emerging concepts

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 67-91页

作者： Usman Saeed Jordana Compagnone richard I.Aviv Antonio p.Strafella Sandra E.Black Anthony E.Lang Mario Masellis Institute of Medical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto and Division of NeuroradiologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada Division of Brain Imaging&Behaviour-Systems NeuroscienceToronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Division of Neurology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Heart&Stroke Foundation Canadian partnership for Stroke Recovery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Movement Disorders Centre Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Edmond J.Safra program in parkinson’s Disease University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Cognitive&Movement Disorders Clinic Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre2075 Bayview Ave.Room A4-55TorontoOntario M4N 3 M5Canada

Two centuries ago in 1817,James parkinson provided the first medical description of parkinson’s disease,later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants(also termed,parkinson-plus syndromes).Today,parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 ***,atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with parkinson’s disease,but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological *** of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders,including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker *** imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important,as it allows a‘window’into the underlying pathophysiological *** this article,we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of,1)synucleinopathies:parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders,as well as multiple system atrophy,and 2)tauopathies:progressive supranuclear palsy,and corticobasal degeneration.A comprehensive presentation of wellestablished and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then *** for the following imaging modalities are reviewed:1)structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)using T1,T2,and susceptibilityweighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses,as well as MRI derived visual signatures,2)diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity,3)proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites,4)single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity(as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors),a

关键词： Biomarkers parkinson’s disease Atypical parkinsonian syndrome MRI pET SpECT Diffusion tensor imaging Molecular imaging Myocardial scintigraphy Transcranial sonography

Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： Liz Vanessa Lagos Mike richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the ***,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma p,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum p *** Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;pppphytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and p(quadratic;ppphytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross *** of plasma p and bone ash increased(quadratic;pplasma inositol also increased(linear;pphosphate(Ip)6 and Ip5(quadratic;pp4 and Ip3(linear;ppphytase *** ATTD of p was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol *** Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and Ip ester degradation and inositol release in the small ***,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,p,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma p and *** a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires appr

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility phytase phytate degradation pigs

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pLIOCENE NYCTEREUTES (CARNIVORA: CANIDAE)FROM YUSHE, SHANXI, WITH COMMENTS ON CHINESE FOSSIL RACOON-DOGS

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1991年第3期 179-189页

作者： richard H. Tedford American Museum of Natural History New York

The first Chinese fossil record of the racoon-dog, Nyctereutes Temminck 1838-9, was described by Schlosser in 1903 as Vulpes sinensis based on three ramal fragments obtained from pharmacies in Tianjin and Henan. Schlosser’s "Kiefer A" is a right ramal fragment containing alveoli for incisors, canine and p/1, broken p/2-3 and complete p/4; "Kiefer B" contains the right p/3-4, the anterior alveolus of M/1, and the third ramal fragment contains only the talonid of the left M/1. The inferior border of the ramus that might have indicated the presence or absence of a subangular lobe is broken away. The illustration prepared by Schlosser (plate 1,

关键词： Yushe, Shanxi pliocene racoon-dogs