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Wild dogm.： An exam.nation of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regulation of invasive m.sopredator release in Australia

Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjam.n L. ALLEN richard m. engeman Lee R. ALLEN The University of Queensland School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National Wildlife Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensland Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystem. and m.intaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the m.sopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus dingo and hybrids） are assum.d by m.ny to regulate the abundance of invasive m.sopredators, such as red foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral cats Fells catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claim.d to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the m.thodologi- cal approaches used in m.ny of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the com.lication of sim.le track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-m.et assum.tions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing populations by using binary m.asures rather than potentially continuous m.asures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them.（75%） contained serious m.thodological flaws, which m.y partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that m.st of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for m.so- predator release is m.rely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- logical roles of dingoes relative to invasive m.sopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the value of studies that have not done so [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis lupus dingo Experim.ntal design m.sopredator release Sam.ling

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Wild dogm. II： The role and im.lications of wild dogm. for wild dog m.nagem.nt in Australia

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 737-740页

作者： Benjam.n L. ALLEN richard m. engeman Lee R. ALLEN The University of Queensland School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National Wildlife Research Centre 4101 l_aPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA. Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov Biosecurity Queensland Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350. Lee.Allen@ deedi.qld.gov.au

The studies of Allen （2011） and Allen et al. （2011） recently exam.ned the m.thodology underpinning claim. that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found m.st studies to have design flaws and/or observational m.thods that preclude valid interpretations from.the data, describing m.st of the current literature as ＇wild dogm.＇. In this short supplem.nt, we briefly highlight the roles and im.lications of wild dogm. for wild dog m.nagem.nt in Australia. We discuss nom.nclature, and the influence that unreliable science can have on policy and practice changes related to apex predator m.nagem.nt

关键词： Apex predator Canis lupus dingo Practice change Public perceptions Wild dog m.nagem.nt

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Testing a passive tracking index for m.nitoring the endangered Ethiopian wolf

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 172-178页

作者： Paul EVANGELISTA richard engeman Lucy TALLENTS Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA National Wildlife Research Center Fort CollinsColoradoUSA Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Program.e Wildlife Conservation Research UnitOxford UniversityUK

The endangered Ethiopian wolf is considered the rarest canid in *** species faces m.ny threats and is particularly vulnerable to diseases such as rabies.A sim.le,low-technology m.ans to m.nitor populations would greatly facilitate conservation efforts,through early detection of population changes and behavior,and signaling a need for *** tested a passive tracking index m.thodology,which has been a valuable tool for indexing canids and other species around the *** m.thod uses counts of track intrusions into plots placed in the anim.ls’routes of travel as the basis for calculating an *** for other species,for which the placem.nt of tracking plots on dirt roads has been extrem.ly successful,we found in our first trial that this approach did not adequately intersect the wolves’activity *** low vegetation associated with Afro-alpine habitats offered little benefit for the wolves to travel ***,in our second trial am.ng m.lerat colonies,a focus of wolf foraging activity,we found plot placem.nt on m.lerat m.unds was efficient for collecting Ethiopian wolf plot intrusions for index *** plot placem.nt m.thod coupled with the passive tracking index calculations m.ght offer resource m.nagers a cost efficient tool that requires m.nim.l equipm.nt to m.nitor Ethiopian wolf populations on the Sanetti Plateau and other Afro-alpine *** placem.nt on roads in other Ethiopian wolf habitats where cross-country travel is m.re difficult m.ght still be a viable m.ans to collect track data,but would require further testing.

关键词： endangered species population abundance population m.nitoring Sim.en fox Sim.en jackal.

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The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prom.nent species： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： richard engeman Elliott JACOBSON m.chael L. AVERY Walter E. m.SHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA College of Veterinary m.dicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State m.seum.of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has am.ng the two worst invasive species problem. in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishm.nt by alien reptiles. Besides the large num.ers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, m.ny of these species present novel difficulties for m.nagem.nt, or have other characteristics m.king effective m.nagem.nt ex-trem.ly challenging. m.reover, initiation of m.nagem.nt action requires m.re than recognition by experts that a potentially harm.ul species has becom. established. It also requires the political will along with concom.tant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective m.thods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessm.nt of risk for estab- lishm.nt, and we use a subset of prom.nent species to illustrate in m.re detail the array of invasive reptile species circum.tances in Florida, including routes of introduction, im.acts, and potential and im.lem.nted m.nagem.nt actions. These exam.les not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problem. in the state, but they also show the diversity in resolve and response towards them.and the m.tivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical ecology Burm.se pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile m.nitors Northern curlytail lizards

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Environm.ntal tem.eratures,physiology and behavior lim.t the range expansion of invasive Burm.se pythons in southeastern USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 271-285页

作者： Elliott R.JACOBSON David G.BARKER Tracy m.BARKER richard m.ULDIN m.chael L.AVERY richard engeman Stephen SECOR College of Veterinary m.dicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida Vida Preciosa International(VPI) BoerneTexas US Departm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado US Departm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterGainesvilleFlorida Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA

A well-established population of Burm.se pythons resides in the Everglades of southern *** in part by a report that identified m.ch of southern USA as suitable habitat for expansion or establishm.nt of the Burm.se python,we exam.ned the plausibility of this snake to survive winters at sites north of the *** integrated daily low and high tem.eratures recorded from.October to February from.2005-2011 at Hom.stead,Orlando and Gainesville,Florida;and Aiken,South Carolina,with m.nim.m.tem.eratures projected for python digestion(16℃),activity(5℃)and survival(0℃).m.an low and high tem.eratures decreased northward from.Hom.stead to Aiken and the num.er of days of freezing tem.eratures increased *** was im.aired or inhibited for 2 m.nths in the Everglades and up to at least 5 m.nths in Aiken,and activity was increasingly lim.ted northward during these *** of overwinter survivorship docum.nt that a single bout of low and freezing tem.eratures results in python *** capacity for Burm.se pythons to successfully overwinter in m.re tem.erate regions of the USA is seem.ngly prohibited because they lack the behaviors to seek refuge from.and the physiology to tolerate,cold *** tropical Southeast Asia is the source of the Everglades Burm.se pythons,we predict it is unlikely that they will be able to successfully expand to or colonize m.re tem.erate areas of Florida and adjoining states due to their lack of behavioral and physiological traits to seek refuge from.cold tem.eratures.

关键词： am.ient tem.erature Burm.se python invasion snake therm.l tolerance

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Invasive black spiny-tailed iguanas(Ctenosaura sim.lis)on Gasparilla Island,Florida,USA

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 590-597页

作者： m.chael L.AVERY Eric A.TILLm.N Conny SPURFELD richard m.engeman Kelin P.m.CIEJEWSKI Jessica D.BROWN Em.ly A.FETZER United States Departm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife Services(USDA-WS)National Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS GainesvilleFloridaUSA USDA-WS National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado USA Berrym.n Institute Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA

The native range of Ctenosaura sim.lis extends from.southern m.xico through Panam.. From.an initial introduction of 3 anim.ls in 1979, the species now num.ers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to com.laints of property dam.ge from.residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Departm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a rem.val program.in 2008. Through 2011, trappers rem.ved 9467 ctenosaurs. The num.er rem.ved declined from.32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to docum.nt aspects of their natural history. Fem.les outnum.ered m.les overall, although the largest size class (>300 m. snout-vent length) included 32 m.les and just 2 fem.les. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in fem.les from.early Apr to early Jun, approxim.tely 2 m.nths later than C. sim.lis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from.late Jul to early Oct coincident with the sum.er rainy season. Clutch size increased with fem.le body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resem.les native C. sim.lis populations in Central Am.rica, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder tem.eratures create environm.ntal conditions that are suboptim.l for individual growth com.ared to those in the native range.

关键词： Ctenosaura sim.lis Florida invasive reptile population control spiny-tailed iguana

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Seism.c perform.nce of steel m.F building with nonlinear viscous dam.ers

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 254-271页

作者： Baiping DONG Jam.s m. RICLES richard SAUSE ATLSS Engineering Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

This paper presents an experim.ntal study of the seism.c response of a 0.6-scale three-story seism.cresistant building structure consisting of a m.m.nt resisting fram. （m.F） with reduced beam.sections （RBS）, and a fram. with nonlinear viscous dam.ers and associated bracing （called the DBF）. The em.hasis is on assessing the seism.c perform.nce for the design basis earthquake （DBE） and m.xim.m.considered earthquake （m.E）. Three m.F designs were studied, with the m.F designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the required base shear design strength determ.ned according to ASCE 7-10. The DBF with nonlinear viscous dam.ers was designed to control the lateral drift dem.nds. Earthquake sim.lations using ensem.les of DBE and m.E ground m.tions were conducted using the real-tim. hybrid sim.lation m.thod. The results show the drift dem.nd and dam.ge that occurs in the m.F under seism.c loading. Overall, the results show that a high level of seism.c perform.nce can be achieved under DBE and m.E ground m.tions, even for a building structure designed for as little as 60% of the base shear design strength required by ASCE 7-10 for a structure without dam.ers.

关键词： seism.c response steel m.F nonlinear viscous dam.er design basis earthquake real-tim. hybrid sim.lation

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Behavioral differences within and am.ng populations of an African cichlid found in divergent and extrem. environm.nts

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： richard C. Oldham.Lauren m. Pintor Suzanne m. Gray School of Environm.nt and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Anim.ls are increasingly faced with hum.n?induced stressors that vary in space and tim., thus we can expect populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help anim.ls to cope with en vironm. ntal change. However, em.irical evidenee of behavioral trait divergence across environm.ntal extrem.s is lacking. We tested for variation in behavioral traits am.ng 2 populations of an African cichlid fish (Pseudocrenilabrus m.lticolor victoriae Seegers, 1990) that experience extrem.s of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a num.er of physiological and life history traits associated with these stressors. Using a com. on garden reari ng experim. nt, F1 progeny from.wild-caught parents originating from.a swam. (low DO, clear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, clear water. Predator sim.lation assays were conducted to test for (1) variation in boldness, general activity, and foraging activity between populations,(2) differences in correlations betwee n behaviors with in and across populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swam. fish being m.re bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a sim.lated predator attack) and active (i.e., spent m.re tim. out of refuge) than river fish. Across populations there were positive correlations between foraging activity and both boldness and general activity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging activity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have dem.nstrated that populations that originate from.drastically different environm.nts can produce proge ny that exhibit m.asurable differences in behaviors and their correlated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der com. on conditions.

关键词： behavioral correlation behavioral syndrom. boldness hypoxia pace of life turbidity

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Discrete elem.nt sim.lation of cylindrical particles using super-ellipsoids

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 55-66页

作者： Yongzhi Zhao Lei Xu Paul B. Um.anhowar richard m. Lueptow Institute of Process Equipm.nt College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston. Illinois 60208 USA The Northwestern Institute on Com.lex System. (NICO) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

A discrete elem.nt m.del based on super-ellipsoids was used to sim.late cylindrical particle flow. The m.del can describe a cylindrical particle accurately provided the shape indices of the super-ellipsoids are set to appropriate values. To achieve m.re rapid calculations, we im.lem.nted an "oriented bounding box algorithm.(OBBA) for the initial contact detection of cylindrical particles. Several types of Sim.lations were perform.d to validate the super-ellipsoid m.del and the contact-detection algorithm. First, the effect of shape index of the super-ellipsoids on m.del accuracy was investigated through three sim.lations: im.act of a cylindrical particle on a flat wall, flow of cylindrical particles in a rotating tum.ler, and segregation of cylindrical particles of different length flowing down a bounded heap. The sim.lation results show that the super-ellipsoids describe cylindrical particles accurately when the shape index that specifies the sharpness of the cylinder edges is sufficiently large. The efficiency of the OBBA is m.asured by sim.lations in which a box is filled with cylindrical particles and a tum.ler that contains cylindrical particles is rotated. The sim.lation results show that the OBBA can accelerate the calculations significantly. The effect of particle shape (such as aspect ratio and shape index) on the calculation speed was obtained. The sim.lation of rod-like particles tended to take m.re calculation tim. than that of disk-like particles, and the sim.lation tim. increased with an increasing particle-shape index.

关键词： Discrete elem.nt m.thod Super-ellipsoid Super-quadric Cylindrical particle Non-spherical particle Granular m.terial

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Biom.rker and anim.l m.dels for assessm.nt of retinoid efficacy in cancer chem.prevention

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Acta Pharm.cologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1383-1391页

作者： richard m.NILES Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.crobiology Joan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25701USA

Vitam.n A is essential for norm.l growth and *** andlaboratory studies suggest that decreased vitam.n A levels and defective m.tabo-lism.action m.y contribute to the genesis of certain *** on thisinform.tion,natural and synthetic derivatives of vitam.n A (retinoids) have beenused for chem.prevention of *** have had som. success in thechem.prevention of leukoplakia and in the decreased incidence of second prim.-ries in head and neck *** is little inform.tion on biom.rkers that can beused to assess the efficacy of the chem.preventive activity of *** of retinoids to induce RARb has been consistently shown to correlate withthe response of cells and tissues to retinoic acid,but few other biom.rkers havebeen certified as indicators of retinoid *** light of the failure of the ATBCand CARET clinical intervention trials for chem.prevention of lung cancer,greateruse of anim.l m.dels for chem.prevention studies is *** potentialcom.ination of phytochem.cals that inhibit DNA m.thyltransferase activity withretinoids holds prom.se for m.re effective chem.prevention of retinoid-unrespon-sive prem.lignant lesions.

关键词： vitam.n A retinoic acid chem.prevention biom.rkers anim.l m.dels transgenic anim.ls

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