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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Margaret E Hall Sarah Wanless richard griffiths Pat Monaghan Dept. of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology Graham Kerr Building Glasgow University Glasgow G12 8QQ U.K. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Hill of Brathens Banchory Kincardine shire AB31 4BW U.K. Dept. of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology Graham Kerr Building Glasgow University Glasgow G12 8QQ U.K. Dept. of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology Graham Kerr Building Glasgow University Glasgow G12 8QQ U.K.

＜正＞ Age-specific improvements in reproductive performance between young, first-time breeders and older, more experienced birds have been described for many species, including the European shag. Reports of age-related changes late in life are fewer. Long-term retrap and recovery data have indicated a significant decline in survival after 13 years of age for shags on the Isle of May, southeast Scotland. To assess whether this drop in survival is accompanied by a change in reproductive performance, we monitored the breeding success of known age

关键词： ageing reproductive performance life history European shag

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Carbon Monoxide Exposure during Cooking in Households： A Case of Dares Salaam City, Tanzania

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第1期2卷 31-35页

作者： Isack Legonda richard Marsh Iddi Mkilaha Anthony griffiths Department of Mechanical and lndustrial Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dares Salaam 35131 Tanzania Institute of Energy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA UK

Exposure to CO （carbon monoxide） during cooking in households using LPG （liquefied petroleum gas）, natural gas and charcoal as fuels has been conducted. The study aimed at assessing the indoor air quality in order to address potential hazards associated with CO. Carbon monoxide concentrations and flame temperature were measured at an interval of 1 min for 1 h using CO and thermometer data loggers respectively. While the CO concentration from LPG and natural gas were found below 26 ppm for 1 h, as recommended by WHO （World Health Organization） standards, the average CO concentration from charcoal exceeded the standard limit. In addition closing the kitchen door during cooking increased the CO concentration from 26-295 ppm to 92-597 ppm. According to WHO, the observed CO concentrations from charcoal stove highlights questionable life support atmosphere. It can therefore be suggested that switching to LPG or natural gas from charcoal will reduce CO exposure to persons during cooking.

关键词： Air quality CO poisoning indoor pollution pollution.

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Substantial subpial cortical demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis: have we underestimated the extent of cortical pathology?

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第1期7卷 51-67页

作者： Lauren griffiths richard Reynolds Rhian Evans Ryan J.Bevan Mark I.Rees Djordje Gveric James W.Neal Owain W.Howell Institute of Life Sciences Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PPUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W53EHUK Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales NSW 2006Australia

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Much of the complex symptomatology relates to pathology outside the classic white matter plaque, whereby lesions of the cortical grey matter, which are difficult to resolve by conventional clinical imaging, are in part predictive of outcome. We investigated the extent of grey matter pathology in whole coronal macrosections to reassess the contribution of cortical pathology to total demyelinating lesion area in progressive MS. Methods: Twenty-two cases of progressive MS were prepared as whole bi-hemispheric macrosections for histology, immunostaining and quantitative analysis of lesion number and relative area, leptomeningeal inflammation and microglial/macrophage activation. Results: Cortical grey matter demyelination was seen in all cases, which was more extensive than in white and deep grey matter (hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia) and accounted for 0.8%-60.2% of the entire measurable cortical ribbon. The pattern of cortical grey matter demyelination was predominantly subpial (mean 90.9%, range 60%-100%, of total cortical grey matter lesion area) and cases with the largest areas of subpial cortical lesions had more and larger deep grey matter lesions, greater numbers of activated microglia/macrophages, both in lesions as well as in normal cortical grey matter, together with elevated leptomeningeal inflammation and lymphoid-like ;structures. White matter lesion area was unchanged when compared with the progressive MS cases with little subpial cortical demyelination. Conclusion: Analysis of whole coronal macrosections reveals cortical demyelination is more extensive than reported by conventional histological methods. Cases of progressive MS with substantial subpial cortical demyelination that is independent of underlying white matter lesion area support the implications that these lesions may in-part arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Biomarkers and/or i

关键词： Leptomeninges B cell follicle microglia activation normal appearing grey matter

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Modern Genetic Analysis Second Edition

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2002年

作者： Anthony J.F. griffiths William M. Gelbart richard C. Lewontin Jeffrey H. Miller

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ISBN: (纸本)9780716743828;0716743825

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生物制剂治疗银屑病患者出现严重感染的风险评估:一项系统性回顾与荟萃分析

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皮肤性病诊疗学杂志 2017年第3期24卷 224-224页

作者： Yiu ZZ Exton LS Jabbar-Lopez Z Mohd Mustapa MF Samarasekera EJ Burden AD Murphy R Owen CM Parslew R Venning V Ashcroft DM griffiths CE Smith CH Warren RB 薛如君张锡宝 Dermatology Centre Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Manchester Pharmacy School The University of Manchester Manchester UK. British Association of Dermatologists London UK. Department of Dermatology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle UK. National Clinical Guideline Centre Royal College of Physicians of London London UK. Department of Dermatology Western Infirmary Glasgow UK. Sheffield University Teaching Hospitals and Sheffield Children's Hospitals Sheffield UK. Department of Dermatology East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust Royal Blackburn Hospital Blackburn Lancashire UK. Department of Dermatology Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust Liverpool UK. Department of Dermatology Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust Oxford UK. Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Manchester Pharmacy School The University of Manchester Manchester UK. Dermatology Centre Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK. St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK. Electronic address: catherine.smith@kcl.ac.uk. Dermatology Centre Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK. Electronic address: richard.warren@manchester.ac.uk.

肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂英夫利昔单抗、依那西普和阿达木单抗是目前用于治疗银屑病常用的3种生物制剂，新药优特克单抗是IL-12和IL-23拮抗剂，苏金单抗是IL-17受体拮抗剂。生物制剂通过抑制细胞因子，调控银屑病患者紊乱的免疫系统，从而发... 详细信息

肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂英夫利昔单抗、依那西普和阿达木单抗是目前用于治疗银屑病常用的3种生物制剂，新药优特克单抗是IL-12和IL-23拮抗剂，苏金单抗是IL-17受体拮抗剂。生物制剂通过抑制细胞因子，调控银屑病患者紊乱的免疫系统，从而发挥疗效。肿瘤坏死因子等细胞因子在细胞感染免疫应答和肉芽肿形成过程中是不可或缺的重要一员，因此生物治疗是否存在引起严重感染的风险是临床医师非常关注的问题。目前缺乏对生物制剂治疗银屑病引起严重感染风险的综合评估。

关键词：银屑病患者生物制剂生物治疗风险评估严重感染系统性回顾荟萃分析肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂

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