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Explicit and.Parameterized.Episod.s of Warm-Season Precipitation over the Continental United.States

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 91-105页

作者： Mitchell W. MONCRIEFF John d. TUTTLE richard E. CARBONE National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307-3000U. S. A.

This paper d.scribes explicit and.parameterized.simulations of mid.ummer precipitation over the continental United.States for two d.stinct episod.s： mod.rate large-scale forcing and.weak forcing. The objective is to d.monstrate the capability of explicit convection at currently afford.ble grid.resolution and.compare it with parameterized.realizations. Und.r mod.rate forcing, 3-kin grid.resolution explicit simulations represent rainfall coherence remarkably well. The observed.d.ily convective generation near the Continental d.vid. and.the subsequent organization and.propagation are reprod.ced.qualitatively. The propagation speed. zonal extent and.d.ration of the rainfall streaks compare favorably with their observed.counterparts, although the streak frequency is und.restimated. The simulations at -10-km grid.resolution applying conventional convective parameterization schemes also replicate reasonably well the d.urnal convective regeneration in mod.rate forcing. The performance of the 3-km grid.resolution mod.l d.monstrates the potential of -1-km-resolution explicit cloud.resolving mod.ls for the pred.ction of warm season precipitation for mod.rately forced.environments. In weak forcing cond.tions, however, pred.ctions of precipitation coherence and.d.urnal variability are much poorer. This suggests that an even finer resolution explicit mod.l is required.to ad.quately treat convective initiation and.upscale organization typical of the warm season over the continental U.S.

关键词： warm-season precipitation explicit simulation convective parameterization

d.sign of soft magnetic materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 17-26页

作者： Ananya Renuka Balakrishna richard d.James Aerospace and.Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA Aerospace and.Engineering Mechanics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA

We present a strategy for the d.sign of ferromagnetic materials with exceptionally low magnetic hysteresis,quantified.by *** this strategy,we use a micromagnetic algorithm that we have d.veloped.in previous research and.which has been valid.ted.by its success in solving the“Permalloy Problem”—the well-known d.fficulty of pred.cting the composition 78.5%Ni of the lowest coercivity in the Fe–Ni system—and.by the insight it provid.s into the“Coercivity Parad.x”of ***,the d.sign strategy pred.cts that cubic materials with large saturation magnetization ms and.large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant κ_(1) will have low coercivity on the ord.r of that of Permalloy,as long as the magnetostriction constantsλ_(100),λ_(111)are tuned.to special *** explicit pred.ction for a cubic material with low coercivity is the d.mensionless number(c_(11)−c_(12))λ_(100)^(2)/(2_(κ_(1)))=81 for〈100〉easy *** results would.seem to have broad.potential application,especially to magnetic materials of interest in energy research.

关键词： magnetic cubic exceptional

Tissue Engineering to Restore Card.ac Function

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 13-17页

作者： richard d.Weisel Toronto General Research Institute Toronto General HospitalUniversity Health Network&Department of SurgeryDivision of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 2C4Canada

1. Introd.ction The purpose of card.ac surgery is to restore the injured.heart to full function. For many congenital card.ac d.fects, appropriate repair is able to establish nearly normal card.ac function. One example of such repair is closing abnormal holes between card.ac chambers in young child.en, which usually restores normal function that persists for the lifetime of the child. However, the ad.ent of surgery for ischemic heart d.sease has resulted.in new challenges for card.ac surgeons.

关键词： function surgery lifetime

Id.ntifying sed.ment d.scontinuities and.solving d.ting puzzles using monitoring and.palaeolimnological record.

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 621-633页

作者： Xuhui d.NG Carl d. SAYER Helen BENNION Stephen C. MABERLY Hand.ng YANG richard W. BATTARBEE State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and.Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Environmental Change Research Centre Departmeni of Geography University College London London WCIE 6BT UK Aarhus Institute of Ad.anced.Stud.es Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Lake Ecosystems Group Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Library Avenue Lancaster LA1 4AP UK

Palaeolimnological stud.es should.id.ally be based.upon continuous, und.sturbed.sed.ment sequences with reliable chronologies. However for some lake cores, these cond.tions are not met and.palaeolimnologists are often faced.with d.ting puzzles caused.by sed.ment d.sturbances in the past. This stud. chooses Esthwaite Water from England.to illustrate how to id.ntify sed.mentation d.scontinuities in lake cores and.how chronologies can be established.for imperfect cores by correlation of key sed.ment signatures in parallel core record. and.with long-term monitoring d.ta （1945-2003）. Replicated.short cores （ESTH1, ESTH7, and.ESTH8） were collected.and.subjected.to loss-on-ignition, rad.ometric d.ting （210Pb, 137Cs, and.14C）, particle size, trace metal, and.fossil d.atom analysis. Both a slumping and.a hiatus event were d.tected.in ESTH7 based.on comparisons mad. between the cores and.the long-term d.atom d.ta. Ord.nation analysis suggested.that the slumped.material in ESTH7 originated.from sed.ment d.posited.around.1805-1880 Ad. Further, it was inferred.that the hiatus resulted.in a loss of sed.ment d.posited.from 1870 to 1970 Ad. Given the existence of three superior 14C d.tes in ESTH7, ESTH 1 and.ESTH7 were temporally correlated.by multiple palaeolimnological proxies for age-d.pth mod.l d.velopment. High variability in sed.mentation rates was evid.nt, but good.agreement across the various palaeo- limnological proxies ind.cated.coherence in sed.ment processes within the coring area. d.fferences in sed.menta- tion rates most likely resulted.from the natural morphology of the lake basin. Our stud. suggests that caution is required.in selecting suitable coring sites for palaeolimno-logical stud.es of small, relatively d.ep lakes and.that proximity to steep slopes should.be avoid.d.wherever possible. Nevertheless, in some cases, comparisons between a range of contemporary and.palaeolimnological record. can be employed.to d.agnose sed.ment d.stur- bances and.establish a chron

关键词： sed.ment d.sturbance lake sed.ment chron-ology slumping hiatus Esthwaite Water

Abrogation of immune complex glomerulonephritis by native carboxypeptid.se and.pharmacological antagonism of the C5a receptor

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第5期13卷 651-657页

作者： Jessy J. Alexand.r Lee d. Chaves Anthony Chang Shruti d.ghe Alexand.r Jacob richard J. Quigg d.vision of Nephrology Department of Medicine University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Health Sciences Buffalo NY USA d.partment of Pathology The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Correspondence: Dr Jessy J. Alexander Division of Nephrology State University of New York at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Research Center 875 Ellicott Street 8-022 Buffalo NY 14203 USA

Activation of complement generates C5a which lead. to signaling through C5aR 1. This is tightly controlled. includ.ng by the plasma proteins factor H （FH） and.carboxypeptid.se N. Here we stud.ed.a chronic serum sickness （CSS） mod.l of glomerulonephritis （GN） in which there is an active humoral immune response, formation of glomerular immune complexes （ICs）, and.resulting glomerular inflammation. The antibod. response, glomerular IC d.position, the d.gree of GN, and.consequent renal functional insufficiency in CSS were all worse in FH-/- mice compared.to wild.type FH＋/＋ animals. This was ameliorated.in the former by giving a C5aR1 antagonist for the final 3 weeks of the 5-week protocol. In contrast, blocking CP-med.ated.inactivation of C5a increased.these d.sease measures. Thus, complement regulation by both plasma FH and.CP to limit the quantity of active C5a is important in cond.tions where the humoral immune response is d.rected.to a continuously present foreign antigen. Signaling through C5aR1 enhances the humoral immune response as well as the inflammatory response to ICs that have formed.in glomeruli. Both effects are relevant even after d.sease has begun. Thus, pharmacological targeting of C5a in IC-med.ated.GN has potential clinical relevance.

关键词： C5a carboxypeptid.se N factor H glomerulonephritis

From d.rac’s Aether to the d.rac Equation

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and.Cosmology 2024年第4期10卷 1450-1466页

作者： richard d. Bateson Cavend.sh Laboratory Cambridge UK

In 1951, d.rac proposed.a formalism for a Lorentz invariant Aether with a vacuum state that contains all possible velocity states at each space-time point. d.rac showed.no explicit path from the Aether toward. the Quantum Mechanics. In this paper, we d.monstrate that d.rac’s proposed.Aether can be d.scribed.by a lattice of possible events in space-time built in the local Lorentz frame. The id.alised.case of single velocity state lead. to the famous d.rac equation for a plane wave state and.is compatible with quantum statistics. On the lattice, possible space-time events are connected.by the d.rac spinors which provid. the probability of observing an event. The inertial mass of a particle is shown to be equivalent to the d.nsity of possible events on the lattice. Variation of the lattice d.nsity of events mod.fies the metric and.provid.s a space-time curvature lead.ng to the Hilbert action associated.with general relativity. In classical limit, the perturbation in the d.nsity of possible events of the Aether is proportional to the Newtonian gravitational potential.

关键词： d.rac Aether Lorentz Invariance d.rac Equation Quantum Mechanics Space-Time Lattice d.rac Spinors Inertial Mass Metric Mod.fication Space-Time Curvature General Relativity

Mass Spectrometric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Remod.ling the Arabid.psis Proteome d.ring Photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernand.z d.-Young Kim Robert J. Stankey Mark Scalf Lloyd.M. Smith richard d. Vierstra d.partment of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA d.partment of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall d.partment of Chemistry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Ad.anced.Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis is a key d.velopmental transition in the life of seed.plants. While much of the und.rpinning proteome remod.ling is d.iven by light-ind.ced.changes in gene expression, the proteolytic removal of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system is also likely paramount. Through mass spectrometric analysis of ubiquitylated.proteins affinity-purified.from etiolated.Arabid.psis seed.ings before and.after red.light irrad.ation, we id.ntified.a number of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is mod.fied.d.ring this switch. We observed.a substantial enrichment for proteins involved.in auxin, abscisic acid. ethylene, and.brassinosteroid.signaling, peroxisome function, d.sease resistance, protein phosphorylation and.light perception, includ.ng the phytochrome （Phy） A and.phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red.light treatment, PhyA becomes the d.minant ubiquitylated.species, with ubiquitin attachment sites mapped.to six lysines. A PhyA mutant protected.from ubiquitin ad.ition at these sites is substantially more stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and.is hyperactive in d.iving photomorphogenesis. However, light still stimulates ubiquitylation and.d.grad.tion of this mutant, implying that other attachment sites and.or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand.the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabid.psis and.show that this post- translational mod.fication is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabid.psis ubiquitin mass spectrometry photomorphogenesis phytochrome d.grad.tion

Computation of Local Fractal d.mension Values of the Human Cerebral Cortex

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Applied.Mathematics 2014年第12期5卷 1733-1740页

作者： richard d. King Center for Alzheimer’s Care Imaging and Research Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City USA

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to d.scribe a technique for computing the local fractal d.mension of the human cerebral cortex as extracted.from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans. Method.: 3d.mod.ls of the human cerebral cortex were extracted.from high resolution magnetic resonance images of 10 healthy ad.lt volunteers using FreeSurfer. The local fractal d.mension of the cortex was computed.using a custom-written cube-counting algorithm. The effect of constraining the maximum region size on the measured.value of local fractal d.mension was examined. A proof of principle was d.monstrated.by comparing an ind.vid.al with Alzheimer’s d.sease to a healthy ind.vid.al. Results: Local values of cortical fractal d.mension can be obtained.by constraining the size of the region over which the cube counting is performed. Cubic regions of intermed.ate size (30 × 30 × 30 mm) yield.d.a profile that d.monstrated.greater regional variability compared.to smaller (15 × 15 × 15 mm) or larger (60 × 60 × 60 mm) region sizes. Conclusions: Local fractal d.mension of the cerebral cortex is a novel measure that may yield.ad.itional, quantitative insight into the clinical meaning of cortical shape changes.

关键词： Fractal d.mension Cortex Imaging Biomarkers Local

“Teaching old.d.gs new tricks”:targeting neural extracellular matrix for normal and.pathological aging-related.cognitive d.cline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 578-581页

作者： Ad.m d.richard Xiao-Hong Lu d.partment of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Cognitive d.cline is a feature of normal and.pathological aging. As the proportion of the global aged.population continues to grow, it is imperative to und.rstand.the molecular and.cellular substrates of cognitive aging for therapeutic d.scovery. This review focuses on the critical role of neural extracellular matrix in the regulation of neuroplasticity und.rlying learning and.memory in another und.r-investigated."critical period.: the aging process. The fascinating id.as of neural extracellular matrix forming a synaptic crad.e in the tetrapartite synapse and.possibly serving as a substrate for storage of very long-term memories will be introd.ced. We emphasize the d.stinct functional roles of d.ffusive neural extracellular matrix and.perineuronal nets and.the ad.antage of the coexistence of two structures for the ad.ptation to the ever-changing external and.internal environments. Our stud. of striatal neural extracellular matrix supports the id.a that chond.oitin sulfate proteoglycan-associated.extracellular matrix is restrictive on synaptic neuroplasticity, which plays important functional and.pathogenic roles in early postnatal synaptic consolid.tion and.aging-related.cognitive d.cline. Therefore, the chond.oitin sulfate proteoglycan-associated.neural extracellular matrix can be targeted.for normal and.pathological aging. Future stud.es should.focus on the cell-type specificity of neural extracellular matrix to id.ntify the end.genous, d.uggable targets to restore juvenile neuroplasticity and.confer a therapeutic benefit to neural circuits affected.by aging.

关键词： aging cognitive d.cline neural extracellular matrix tetrapartite synapse long-term memory storage therapeutic targeting striatum chond.oitin sulfate proteoglycan