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Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in china under future global warming scenarios of 1.5℃ and 2℃

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 804-814页

作者： Zhaoqi Wang Jinfeng Chang Shushi Peng Shilong Piao Philippe Ciais richard betts Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44PSUK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK

Aims the impacts of future global warming of 1.5℃ and 2℃ on the productivity and carbon(c)storage of grasslands in china are not clear yet,although grasslands in china support~45 million agricultural populations and more than 238 million livestock populations,and are sensitive to global *** this study used a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model named ORcHIDEE to simulate c cycle of alpine meadows and temperate grasslands in *** model was driven by high-resolution(0.5°×0.5°)climate of global specific warming levels(SWL)of 1.5℃ and 2℃(warmer than pre-industrial level),which is downscaled by Ec-EARtH3-HR v3.1 with sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration as boundary conditions from IPSL-cM5-LR(low spatial resolution,2.5°×1.5°)Earth system model(ESM).Important Findingscompared with baseline(1971-2005),the mean annual air temperature over chinese grasslands increased by 2.5℃ and 3.7℃ under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** increase in temperature in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the temperate grassland under both SWL1.5 and *** was also shown an increasing trend under SWL2 over most of the chinese *** increases in gross primary productivity(GPP)were simulated in the chinese grasslands,and the mean annual GPP(GPP_(MA))increased by 19.32%and 43.62%under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** c storage increased by 0.64 Pg c and 1.37 Pg c under SWL1.5 and SWL2 for 50 years *** GPP_(MA) was 0.67_(0.39)^(0.88)(0.82)(model mean_(min) ^(max) (this study)),0.85_(0.45)^(1.24)(0.97)and 0.94_(0.61)^(1.30)(1.17)Pg C year^(−1) under baseline,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by four cMIP5 ESMs(phase 5 of the coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Earth System Models).In contrast,the mean annual net biome productivity was−18.55_(−40.37)^(4.47)(−3.61),18.65_(−2.03)^(64.03)(10.29)and 24.15_(8.38)^(38.77)(24.93)Tg C year^(−1) under base-line,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by the four cMIP5 *** results indicated that the c

关键词： productivity carbon storage specific warming level grassland climate change

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局部外用C-木糖苷促进皮肤年轻化的研究进展

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临床皮肤科杂志 2021年第7期50卷 444-448页

作者： richard John betts 苏士纹孔佩慧 Siew Tein WANG 牛悦青欧莱雅新加坡研发和创新中心新加坡138623 欧莱雅中国研发和创新中心上海201206

C-木糖苷作为化妆品原料在2000年被成功筛选出,随后获得专利并以商品名Pro-Xylane TM首先被欧莱雅公司应用到抗老化护肤品的开发中。近年来,它在绿色化学合成工艺方面又有了新的进展,从环境保护、原料提纯的角度都提出了一种更优化的方... 详细信息

C-木糖苷作为化妆品原料在2000年被成功筛选出,随后获得专利并以商品名Pro-Xylane TM首先被欧莱雅公司应用到抗老化护肤品的开发中。近年来,它在绿色化学合成工艺方面又有了新的进展,从环境保护、原料提纯的角度都提出了一种更优化的方案。该文就C-木糖苷作为一种安全、有效的化妆品抗老化活性成分,从它的作用机制、体外和临床功效等方面作一综述。

关键词： C-木糖苷糖胺聚糖抗老化绿色化学化妆品

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皮肤微生物菌群在多环芳烃暴露下形成具有不同代谢功能的皮肤型

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中华皮肤科杂志 2024年第12期57卷 1161-1162页

作者： Leung, Marcus H. Y. Tong, Xinzhao Shen, Zhiyong Du, Shicong Bastien, Philippe Appenzeller, Brice M. R. betts, richard J. Mezzache, Sakina Bourokba, Nasrine Cavusoglu, Nukhet Aguilar, Luc Misra, Namita Clavaud, Cécile Lee, Patrick K. H. School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Biological Sciences School of Science Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China L’Oréal Research and Innovation Aulnay-Sous-Bois France Human Biomonitoring Research Unit Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg L’Oréal Research and Innovation Pudong China

随着宏基因组测序和微生物代谢物质谱分析技术的发展,对于皮肤微生态的认识不断深入。研究显示,人体皮肤中存在独特的微生物亚群,又称为皮肤型(cutotype),不同的皮肤型在微生物多样性、组成、功能和耐药性等方面存在差异。深入研究个体... 详细信息

随着宏基因组测序和微生物代谢物质谱分析技术的发展,对于皮肤微生态的认识不断深入。研究显示,人体皮肤中存在独特的微生物亚群,又称为皮肤型(cutotype),不同的皮肤型在微生物多样性、组成、功能和耐药性等方面存在差异。深入研究个体皮肤型的分布特征及其影响因素有助于识别皮肤疾病相关的皮肤型标志物,从而开发个性化的皮肤健康管理方案。

关键词：质谱分析技术皮肤型皮肤疾病微生物菌群代谢功能宏基因组测序人体皮肤多环芳烃

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Lattice approaches to packed column simulations

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 404-411页

作者： richard Caulkin Mike Fairweather richard A. Williams Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of ProcessEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Leeds

This work presents a review of the findings into the ability of a digitally based particle packing algorithm, called DigiPac, to predict bed structure in a variety of packed columns, for a range of generic pellet shapes frequently used in the chemical and process engineering industries. Resulting macroscopic properties are compared with experimental data derived from both invasive and non-destructive measurement techniques. Additionally, fluid velocity distributions, through samples of the resulting bed structures, are analysed using lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） simulations and are compared against experimental data from the literature.

关键词： Packing algorithm Bed structure Packed columns Macroscopic properties Lattice Boltzmann simulations

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Expected adult lifespan in tropical trees: Long-term matrix demography in a large plot

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 558-566页

作者： richard Condit Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Rte.53LisleIL60532USA Institute for Marine Sciences University of CaliforniaSanta CruzUSA

Background: Documenting the entire lifetime of long-lived organisms requires splicing together short-term observations. Matrix demography provides a tool to calculate lifetime statistics, but large samples from juvenile to adult are needed, and few such studies have been done in tropical trees because high species diversity limits sample sizes. The 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado in Panama was designed to provide large samples, and with 30years of censuses, accurate population matrices can be ***: In 31 abundant species, I divided all individuals≥1 cm dbh into 4 or 5 size class in each of seven censuses. Movements of stems between size classes over two censuses are termed transitions, and I constructed complete transition matrices for each species. From the matrices, I derived analytic solutions for lifetime demographic statistics. Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage was the key ***: Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage varied 100-fold over the 31 species, from 0.5 to 50 years,and maturation time varied from 19 to nearly 200 years. Species with the highest growth rates also had high death rates, and theoretical calculations of reproductive lifespan show that the fast-growing pioneer species have short expected adult lifespans relative to the average slow-growing, shade-tolerant species. Within the slowgrowth category, however, there was high variation in expected adult lifespan, and several shade-tolerant species under-performed the pioneers in terms of adult ***: Analytical solutions from population matrices allow theoretical analyses that integrate short-term growth records into lifespans of tropical trees. The analyses suggest that pioneer species must reproduce more successfully than shade-tolerant species to persist in the Barro Colorado forest. My next goal is to incorporate seed production and germination into lifetime matrix demography to test this hypothesis.

关键词： Tree lifespan Tropical tree Matrix demography

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Bound and Resonating Multiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： Jean-Marc richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université Claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark models for multiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and compare different methods for estimating the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

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Population genetics and breeding system of Tupistra pingbianensis (Liliaceae),a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 47-57页

作者： richard Ian MILNE Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology School of BiologyUniversity of St.AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY16 9THUK

The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis,a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan,China,characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat *** genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical *** levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level(P 99 = 96.012%;H t = 0.302) and at the population level(P 99 = 51.41%;H s = 0.224).Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected(F ST = 0.2961;θⅡ = 0.281),which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated,mixed selfing,and outcrossing plant *** result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination *** indirect estimate of gene flow based on θⅡ was low(N m = 0.64).Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species.A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F 1 fruit set,seed weight,and germinate rate *** a naturally rare species,*** is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history,we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence,but not intervention to remain viable.

关键词： AFLP genetic diversity genetic structure inbreeding depression naturally rare plants Tupistra pingbianensis.

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CONTROLLING ROBOT MANIPULATORS BY DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1995年第1期11卷 20-33页

作者： MarcJ.richard Department

A certain number of considerations should be taken into account in the dynamic control of robot manipulators as highly complex non-linear *** this article,we provide a detailed presentation of the mechanical and electrical impli- cations of robots equipped with DC motor *** model takes into account all non-linear aspects of the ***,we develop computational algorithms for optimal control based on dynamic *** robot's trajectory must be predefined,but performance criteria and constraints applying to the system are not limited and we may adapt them freely to the robot and the task being *** an example,a manipulator arm with 3 degrees of freedom is analyzed.

关键词： dynamic programming robot manipulators optimal control dynamic modelling method

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Large scale manufacture of magnetic polymer particles using membranes and microfluidic devices

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China Particuology 2007年第1期5卷 26-42页

作者： richard A. Williams Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Clarendon Road Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Magnetic polymer particles have found applications in diverse areas such as biomedical treatments, diagnosis and separation technology. These applications require the particles to have controlled sizes and narrow size distributions to gain better control and reproducibility in use. This paper reviews recent developments in the preparation of magnetic polymer particles at nano- and micro-scales by encapsulating magnetic components with dissolved or in situ formed polymers. Particle manufacture using emulsification and embedment methods produces magnetic polymer particles at micro-scale dimensions. However, the production of particles in this range using conventional emulsification methods affords very limited control over particle sizes and polydispersity. We report on alternative routes using membrane and microfluidics emulsification techniques, which have a capability to produce monodisperse emulsions and polymer microspheres （with coefficients of variation of less than 10%） in the range from submicrometer to a few 100 μm. The performance of these manufacturing methods is assessed with a view to future applications.

关键词： Magnetic polymer particles Membrane emulsification Microfluidics emulsification Large scale manufacture

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Optimal chunk caching in network coding-based qualitative communication

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第1期8卷 44-50页

作者： Lijun Dong richard Li Futurewei Technologies Inc. 2330 Central ExpresswaySanta Clara95050USA

Network processing in the current Internet is at the entirety of the data packet,which is problematic when encountering network *** newly proposed Internet service named Qualitative Communication changes the network processing paradigm to an even finer granularity,namely chunk level,which obsoletes many existing networking policies and schemes,especially the caching algorithms and cache replacement policies that have been extensively explored in Web Caching,Content Delivery Networks(CDN)or Information-Centric Networks(ICN).This paper outlines all the new factors that are brought by random linear network coding-based Qualitative Communication and proves the importance and necessity of considering them.A novel metric is proposed by taking these new factors into *** optimization problem is formulated to maximize the metric value of all retained chunks in the local storage of network nodes under the constraint of storage limit.A cache replacement scheme that obtains the optimal result in a recursive manner is proposed *** the help of the introduced intelligent cache replacement algorithm,the performance evaluations show remarkably reduced end-to-end latency compared to the existing schemes in various network scenarios.

关键词： Internet Qualitative communication New IP Chunk caching Random linear network coding End-to-end latency Cache replacement policy Degree of freedom Distance Packet size

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