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Adjuvant chemotherapy after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第3期14卷 234-235页

作者： Adam S Bodzin richard S Finn Ronald w Busuttil DepartmentofSurgery Division of Hematology/Oncology (Finn RS) UCLA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyUCLA

In this issue, Lin et al presented a well-written meta- analysis regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in orthotopic liver transplant （OLT） recipients withhepatoceUular carcinoma （HCC）. They highlighted the need for further investigation about the post-OLT management of HCC. The treatment of advanced HCC remains a difficult challenge as there is limited response to chemotherapeutics even after resection and limited literature is available to support the use of chemotherapy after OLT for HCC. This study delves into the impor- tance of preventing HCC recurrence and prolonging survival after transplantation. The conclusions claim that chemotherapy may be useful in increasing survival and prolonging disease-free survival; however the findings that it does not prevent recurrence remain troublesome. Perhaps one of the greatest limitations is that cytotoxic agents have never been shown to improve survival in ad- vanced disease and therefore it is difficult to see a role in the early/adjuvant setting.

关键词： HCC Adjuvant chemotherapy after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma OLT

Explicit and Parameterized Episodes of warm-Season Precipitation over the Continental United States

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 91-105页

作者： Mitchell w. MONCRIEFF John D. TUTTLE richard E. CARBONE National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307-3000U. S. A.

This paper describes explicit and parameterized simulations of midsummer precipitation over the continental United States for two distinct episodes： moderate large-scale forcing and weak forcing. The objective is to demonstrate the capability of explicit convection at currently affordable grid-resolution and compare it with parameterized realizations. Under moderate forcing, 3-kin grid-resolution explicit simulations represent rainfall coherence remarkably well. The observed daily convective generation near the Continental Divide and the subsequent organization and propagation are reproduced qualitatively. The propagation speed, zonal extent and duration of the rainfall streaks compare favorably with their observed counterparts, although the streak frequency is underestimated. The simulations at -10-km grid-resolution applying conventional convective parameterization schemes also replicate reasonably well the diurnal convective regeneration in moderate forcing. The performance of the 3-km grid-resolution model demonstrates the potential of -1-km-resolution explicit cloud-resolving models for the prediction of warm season precipitation for moderately forced environments. In weak forcing conditions, however, predictions of precipitation coherence and diurnal variability are much poorer. This suggests that an even finer resolution explicit model is required to adequately treat convective initiation and upscale organization typical of the warm season over the continental U.S.

关键词： warm-season precipitation explicit simulation convective parameterization

Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1117-1130页

作者： Joshua T.Padilla Donald w.watts Jeffrey M.Novak Vasile Cerven James A.Ippolito Ariel A.Szogi Mark G.Johnson United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCoastal Plains SoilWater and Plant Research CenterFlorenceSC 29501USA School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment United States Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisOR 97331USA

Biochars with a high affinity for phosphorus(P)are promising soil amendments for reducing P in agricultural *** litter(PL)is an abundant biochar ***,PL-derived biochars are typically high in soluble P and therefore require chemical modification to become effective P *** study investigated the effect of magnesium(Mg)activation on extractable P(EP)and P sorption capacities of PL-derived *** was produced at 500-900℃ from PL activated with 0-1 M *** differentially aged PL feedstocks were evaluated(1-,3-5-,and 7-9-year-old).Increased Mg activation level and pyrolysis temperature both resulted in EP reductions from the ***,biochars produced at temperatures≥700℃ from PL activated with≥0.25 M Mg had negligible EP.X-ray diffractograms indicated that increased Mg loading favored the formation of stable Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) phases while increasing temperature favored the formation of both Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and Ca_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)*** P sorption capacities(Pmax)of the biochars were estimated by fitting Langmuir isotherms to batch sorption data and ranged from 0.66-10.35 mg g^(−1).Average Pmax values were not affected by PL age or pyrolysis temperature;however,biochars produced from 1 M Mg-activated PL did have significantly higher average Pmax values(pwith the potential ability to reduce P loading into environmentally sensitive ecosystems.

关键词： sorption activation pyrolysis

Less is more:seipin,phospholipids,and embryogenesis

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Life Metabolism 2022年第2期1卷 99-100页

作者： Bin Liang Jennifer L watts Center for Life Sciences School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-7520USA

In a recent paper published in Life Metabolism,Zhu et *** that mutations that reduce phosphatidylcholine(PC)synthesis rescue embryonic lethality but exacerbate lipid droplet(LD)abnormalities in *** seipin mutants,demo... 详细信息

关键词： formation synthesis phosphatidylcholine

POLY (β-HYDROXYALKANOATES): NATURAL BIOCOMPATIBLE AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1989年第4期7卷 289-298页

作者： ROBERT w. LENZ richard A. GROSS HELMUT BRANDL R. CLINTON FULLER Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USADepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Lowell1 University Ave.LowellMA 01854USAInstitute for Plant BiologyZollikerstrasse 1078008 ZurichSwitzerlandDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

A wide variety of different types of microorganisms are known to produce intracellular energy and carbon storage products, which have been generally described as being poly (β-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, but which are, more often than not, copolymers containing different alkyl groups at the β-position. Hence, PHB belongs to the family ofpoly (β-hydroxyalkanoastes), PHA, all of which are usually formed as intracellular inclusions in bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. Recently, it became of industrial interest to evaluate these PHA polyesters as natural biodegradable and biocompatible plastics for a wide range of possible applications, such as surgical sutures or packaging containers. For industrial applications, the controlled incorporation of repeating units with different chain lengths into a series of copolymers is desirable in order to produce polyesters with a range of material properties because physical and chemical characteristics depend strongly on the polymer composition. Such 'tailor-made' copolymers can be produced under controlled growth conditions in that, if a defined mixture of substrates for a certain type of microorganisms is supplied, a well defined and reproducible copolymer is formed.

关键词： PHB POLY HYDROXYALKANOATES NATURAL BIOCOMPATIBLE AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA

Recoil polarimetry with the Crystal Ball at MAMI

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1183-1188页

作者： D.P. watts D.I. Glazier M.S. Sikora University of Edinburgh King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JZ UK

The spectrum and properties of the excited states of the nucleon are still poorly established despite decades of study. These proceedings describe new measurements of pseudo-scalar meson photoproduction at the Crystal Ball at MAMI, employing a new large acceptance nucleon recoil polarimeter. The double- and single-polarisation observables obtained will provide valuable and unique data to be used as part of the world effort to improve our knowledge of this fundamental spectrum.

关键词： photoproduction reactrons

Vasectomy by epithelial curettage without suture or cautery： a pilot study in humans

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 315-321,I0008页

作者： John K. Amory John w. Jessen Charles Muller richard E. Berger Department of Medicine Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA private Practice Dentistry Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Urology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA

Curettage of the epithelium of the vas deferens might be a safe and effective method of male sterilization. we conducted a pilot study of vasectomy by epithelial curettage with a novel microcurette called the Vas-X in 12 normal men requesting elective sterilization. Seminal fluid analysis was obtained monthly after the procedure for 6 months. Pain was assessed by questionnaire. Three months after the procedure, all men attained sperm concentrations of less than 0.2 million sperm per mL, and seven were azoospermic. Post-procedural pain was minimal. Nine men ultimately achieved and maintained azoospermia; however, 4 to 6 months after the procedure, sperm concentrations increased in three of the 12 subjects, necessitating repeat vasectomy. Microscopic examination of the vas deferens from these failures revealed re-canalization. Vasectomy by epithelial curettage can result in effective sterilization; however, 1/4 of the subjects were not effectively sterilized by the procedure due to re-canalization of the vas deferens. Epithelial curettage will require further refinement to determine if it is a viable form of vasectomy.

关键词： male contraception male sterilization re-canalization spermatogenesis vas deferens vasectomy failure

Bioactives and extracts affect the physico-chemical properties of concentrated whey protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 25-40页

作者： Mackenzie M.Hansen richard w.Hartel YrjöH.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA

Non-covalent complexation interactions are known to occur between bioactive compounds and proteins. while formulating with these components can have positive outcomes such as stabilization of colors and actives, it can also result in changes to the structures and physical properties of proteins, affecting product functionality and sensory attributes. Previous experiments reported measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate (wPI) dispersions upon formulation with Aronia berry extract, ascribing changes to protein-polyphenol (PP) interactions in the systems. Pure gallotannin, beet extract, and cranberry extract, providing a diverse variety structures and sizes, were selected for further experimentation and comparison with the effects of Aronia extract. Concentrated dispersions with varying wPI:sucrose ratios, formulated with several bioactives contents from multiple different sources were analyzed to identify the effects of different bioactives on physico-chemical properties of dispersions. Dispersions formulated with cranberry extract demonstrated the largest increases in surface tensions, viscosities, and particle sizes, while those formulated with beet extract were the least affected by the presence of bioactives, suggesting that different bioactives and extracts had varying propensities for complexation interactions with wPI, despite their relatively low levels of addition (0, 0.5, and 1%).

关键词： whey protein Concentrated dispersions Polyphenols Extracts Physico-chemical properties

Effects of Aronia polyphenols on the physico-chemical properties of whey,soy,and pea protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 391-405页

作者： Mackenzie M.Hansen richard w.Hartel Yrjö H.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI 53706USA

Bioactive compounds including polyphenols(PP)have been observed to naturally form non-covalent complexation interactions with proteins under mild pH and temperature conditions,affecting protein structures and ***,addition of Aronia berry PP to liquid dispersions containing whey protein isolate(wPI)and sucrose was found to alter characteristics including viscosity,surface tension,and particle sizes,with changes being attributed to protein-PP *** this study we aimed to investigate whether Aronia PP would interact with soy and pea protein isolates(SPI and PPI,respectively)to a similar extent as with wPI in liquid protein-sucrose-PP *** hypothesized that formulations containing PPI(comprised of larger proteins)and hydrolyzed SPI(containing more carboxyl groups)may exhibit increased viscosities and decreased aggregate sizes due to enhanced protein-PP *** liquid dispersions of varied ratios of protein to sucrose contents,containing different protein isolates(wPI,SPI,and PPI),and varied Aronia PP concentrations were formulated,and physical properties were evaluated to elucidate the effects of PP *** addition altered physical characteristics differently depending on the protein isolate used,with changes attributed to protein-PP *** and PPI appeared to have higher propensities for PP interactions and exhibited more extensive shifts in physical properties than wPI *** findings may be useful for practical applications such as formulating products containing fruit and proteins to obtain desirable sensory attributes.

关键词： whey protein Soy protein Pea protein Polyphenols Concentrated dispersions Physico-chemical properties