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Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： richard t.Corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

the Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

Seed dispersal in Hong Kong,China:past,present and possible futures

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 97-109页

作者： richard t.CORLEtt Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

In the present article,published and unpublished information regarding seed dispersal in the degraded landscape of Hong Kong,China,is *** was available for 1681 native plant species,of which 1165 were assigned to probable seed dispersal *** accounted for one-third(34.4%)of all species evaluated,half(54.4%)of those from forests,and more than two-thirds(69.2%)of all trees and tall *** dispersal(25.9%)and dispersal by an unknown agent(30.7%)accounted for most of the rest,with the unknown species mostly small-seeded *** the frugivore fauna of the Hong Kong region has been truncated since the late Pleistocene,there are few clear examples of failed *** most striking is the absence of scatter-hoarding rodents from Hong Kong,despite the presence of forest trees that appear to require them for effective *** are also some large Lauraceae fruits that appear to be targeted at larger-gaped birds than currently *** endozoochorous species are dispersed by 3 small passerine birds(Pycnonotus jocosus,***,and Zosterops japonicus),with larger birds,fruit bats(Cynopterus sphinx,Rousettus leschenaulti),rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta),civets(Paguma larvata,Viverricula indica),and muntjacs(Muntiacus muntjac)accounting for the *** low plant diversity in frugivore droppings,seed traps,and secondary vegetation suggests plant succession may be dispersal limited,although this has not been investigated *** underdispersed species is the simplest solution but,in the longer term,the(re)introduction of a scatter-hoarding rodent should be considered as well as that of other locally and regionally extinct frugivores.

关键词： China extinctions frugivory reintroduction seed dispersal

Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation-A mechanistic approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 1-13页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko Sudarshan Kurwadkar richard t.Wilkin Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOK 74820USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

Permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites *** technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron(ZVI)as a reductant and as a reactive *** development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still *** information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic ***,there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through *** this review paper,we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated *** discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion *** review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within *** findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of *** occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity,which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity,allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment *** development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation.

关键词： Permeable reactive barrier Reduction potential Plating reactions Surface passivation Geochemistry Iron

Flow hydrodynamics drive effective fish attraction behaviour into slotted fishway entrances

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第4期35卷 782-802页

作者： Maryam Farzadkhoo richard t.Kingsford Iain M.Suthers Stefan Felder Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Effective fishways rely on attracting fish,utilising the natural rheotactic behaviour of fish to orient into an attraction flow near the *** the critical importance of attraction,understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains ***,hydrodynamic measurements of flows at slotted fishway entrances were experimented with two different designs,two velocities,three water depths,and two fish species,silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)and Australian bass(Percalates novemaculeata).Fish behaviours were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy(tKE).there were distinct differences in the attraction flow between entrance designs,irrespective of velocity and water depth.A plain slotted entrance produced a more symmetric flow in the centre of the flume,causing fish to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high *** contrast,streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow which guided fish along the wingwall towards the slotted entrance,improving attraction for both *** were clear patterns in swimming trajectories for silver perch,swimming along the sidewalls of the observation zone towards the entrance,but Australian bass were less predictable,using random routes on their way to the slotted *** species preferred areas of low turbulence(tKEthis work has important implications for design of vertical slotted entrance systems.

关键词： Attraction jet flow fish behaviour fish swimming trajectories turbulent kinetic energy(tKE) Australian native fish

Reply to comment on“Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation–A mechanistic approach” by C. Noubactep, Geoscience Frontiers 14(2023), 101582

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 282-284页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko Sudarshan Kurwadkar richard t.Wilkin Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOklahoma 74820USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

We welcome the opportunity to address comments provided by *** and to further emphasize the concepts developed in our article titled“Long–term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive ba... 详细信息

关键词： groundwater performance valent

Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2/HCoV-19)using whole genomic data

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Zoological Research 2020年第3期41卷 247-257页

作者： Wen-Bin Yu Guang-Da tang Li Zhang richard t.Corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture Shaoguan UniversityShaoguanGuangdong 512005China College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

the outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020,SARS-CoV-2(HCoV-19/2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study,we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu tM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the *** constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. the date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau(τ)using the formula t=τ/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 *** non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. the 58 haplotypes(31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China)were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome(bat-RatG13-CoV)as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes,and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. the population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore,phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases.

关键词： COVID-19 HCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 Novel pneumonia outbreak Human-to-human transmission Phyloepidemiology

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-Ran Li Zheng-Wei Wang richard t.Corlett Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants&Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

the insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene ***,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different *** synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing ***,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect *** provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population *** analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and *** inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee *** evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial *** finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome *** conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mitogenome structure Gene rearrangement Inverted repeats

Correlation between plasmid DNA damage induced by PM_(10) and trace metals in inhalable particulate matters in Beijing air

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1323-1331页

作者： t. P. Jones L. Merolla R. J. richard Department of Earth Ocean and Planetary Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF10 3YE UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University PO Box 911 Cardiff CF10 3US UK

Based on the study of Beijing PM10 bioreactivity with the newly developed plasmid DNA assay method, and analysis for trace elements of PM10, the cause of plasmid DNA damage by PM10 was investigated. the study showed that plasmid DNA oxidative damages by PM10 are of difference in different seasons at various areas. the concentrations of tM50 of PM10 in whole samples respectively collected at urban and comparison sites during winter were 900 μg mL?1 and 74 μg mL?1, while those in their corresponding soluble fractions were 540 μg mL?1 and 86 μg mL?1. In contrast, tM50 contents of PM10 from summer whole samples at urban areas and comparison sites were 116 μg mL?1 and 210 μg mL?1, whereas those in their soluble fractions were 180 μg mL?1 and 306 μg mL?1. the difference of bioreactivity of Beijing PM10 resulted from the variation of trace elements. the oxidative damage of plasmid DNA caused by Pb, Zn, As in PM10 (whole sample) was relatively strong. tM50 and Mn, V, Zn display stronger correlation in the soluble fraction. It implies that Zn could be the major trace element in Beijing PM10 which contributes to oxidative damage to plasmid DNA.

关键词： Beijing PM10 trace metals correlation health effect.

Ab initio density response and local field factor of warm dense hydrogen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 48-67页

作者： tobias Dornheim Sebastian Schwalbe Panagiotis tolias maximilian P.Böhme Zhandos A.Moldabekov Jan Vorberger Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS) D-02826 GörlitzGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(HZDR) D-01328 DresdenGermany Space and Plasma Physics Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)Stockholm SE-10044Sweden technische Universität Dresden D-01062 DresdenGermany

We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed *** full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two *** full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion *** PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical ***,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.

关键词： local incomplete rigorous