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Iris manipulation during phacoemulsification:intraoperative and postoperative complications

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第5期14卷 676-683页

作者： Eric R.Williams Jennifer L.Patnaik D.Claire Miller Anne M.Lynch richard s.davidson Malik Y.Kahook Leonard K.seibold Department of Ophthalmology Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye CenterUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To quantify intraoperative and postoperative complications in complex phacoemulsification cataract extraction(phacoemulsification)with iris manipulation compared to non-complex and complex phacoemulsification without iris ***:All phacoemulsification cases at the University of Colorado between January 1,2014,and June 30,2017 were *** criteria for the primary outcome of intraoperative complications were planned combination surgery and eyes with less than 28 d *** criteria for the secondary outcomes of postoperative complications were unplanned additional surgery,and chronic steroid eye drop use prior to *** including sex,race/ethnicity,surgery length,visual acuity,intraoperative and postoperative complications,and intraocular pressures(IOP)were collected and analyzed utilizing general linear and Logistic regression ***:The medical records of 5772 eyes were reviewed(500 complex without iris manipulation,367 with iris manipulation).The number of any intraoperative complication in the complex with iris manipulation and complex without iris manipulation groups was 15(4.1%)and 26(5.2%),respectively,compared to 41(0.8%)in the non-complex *** inflammation was found in 135(2.8%)non-complex cases,20(4.1%)complex cases without iris manipulation,and 20(5.6%)complex cases with iris *** adjusted odds ratio of postoperative inflammation in phacoemulsification with iris manipulation compared to non-complex was 2.3(95%CI:1.3-4.0,P=0.005).The rate of IOP spikes>10 mm Hg was significantly greater in cases with iris manipulation(P=0.001).CONCLUsION:Complex cases have more intraoperative ***,only complex cases with iris manipulation led to increase rates of postoperative inflammation and IOP spikes>10 mm Hg.

关键词： phacoemulsification iris manipulation inflammation

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher richard s.davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado school of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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Current protective strategies in liver surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6098-6103页

作者： Kurinchi s Gurusamy Hector D Gonzalez Brian R davidson HPB and Liver Transplantation Royal Free CampusUniversity College London Medical SchoolRoyal Free Hospital

During liver resection surgery for cancer or liver transplantation,the liver is subject to ischaemia (reduction in blood flow) followed by reperfusion (restoration of blood flow),which results in liver injury [ischemiareperfusion (IR) or IR injury]. Modulation of IR injury can be achieved in various ways. These include hypothermia,ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) (brief cycles of ischaemia followed by reperfusion of the organ before the prolonged period of ischaemia i.e. a conditioning response),ischaemic postconditioning (conditioning after the prolonged period of ischaemia but before the reperfusion),pharmacological agents to decrease IR injury,genetic modulation of IR injury,and machine perfusion (pulsatile perfusion). Hypothermia decreases the metabolic functions and the oxygen consumption of organs. static cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution reduces IR injury and has prolonged organ storage and improved the function of transplanted grafts. There is currently no evidence for any clinical advantage in the use of alternate solutions for static cold storage. Although experimental data from animal models suggest that IPC,ischaemic postconditioning,various pharma-cological agents,gene therapy,and machine perfusion decrease IR injury,none of these interventions can be recommended in clinical practice. This is because of the lack of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ischaemic postconditioning,gene therapy,and machine perfusion. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of IPC and various pharmacological agents have demonstrated biochemical or histological improvements but this has not translated to clinical benefit. Further well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess the various new protective strategies in liver resection.

关键词： Liver Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Ischemia-reperfusion injury Hypothermia Ischaemic preconditioning

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An arthropod community beyond the dry limit of plant life

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第6期13卷 629-638页

作者： Benjamin davidson Elli GRONER Arava Institute for Environmental studies D.N.Eilot 88840Israel Vassar College PoughkeepsieNew York 12604United States of America Dead sea and Arava science Center Mitzpe Ramon 8060000Israel Ben Gurion University Eilat 88556Israel

Water availability,which enables plant growth and animal activity,regulates dryland ecosystem *** hyper-arid ecosystems,rain cannot support vascular plant ***,hyper-arid vegetation is restricted to the lower topography,where runoff ***,food resources originating from areas of dense vegetation are dispersed across the desert floor,enabling animal life in areas lacking vascular plant ***,certain regions,such as the hyper-arid upper topography,may be devoid of plant-derived food *** present study examined arthropod activity in the upper topography of a hyper-arid desert,in comparison with arthropod activity in the lower *** traps were utilized to compare arthropod activity along unvegetated ridges with activity in parallel,vegetated ***,the study revealed dense arthropod communities in the barren upper *** collected in the upper topography represented 26%of total arthropod *** addition,the overlap between arthropod identity in the ridges and wadis(i.e.,riverbeds)was low,and certain arthropods were strongly affiliated with the *** upper topographic communities included high numbers of silverfish(Zygentoma:Lepismatidae),malachite beetles(Psiloderes),and predatory mites(Acari:Anystidae),and these arthropods were present at various life *** remains unclear how arthropod communities can persist in the unvegetated upper topography of the hyper-arid study *** results raise the possibility that other food sources,independent from vascular plants,may play a significant role in the life history of hyper-arid arthropods.

关键词： hyper-arid area spatial distribution topography silverfish Tenebrionidae desert

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The enhanced element enrichment in the supercritical states of granite–pegmatite systems

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 335-349页

作者： Rainer Thomas Paul davidson Karen Appel section 3.6.Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for Geoscience – GFZ CODEs Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania High Energy Density scientific instrument European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH

In this paper, we show that supercritical fluids have a greater significance in the generation of pegmatites,and for ore-forming processes related to granites than is usually assumed. We show that the supercritical melt or fluid is a silicate phase in which volatiles; principally H_2O are completely miscible in all proportions at magmatic temperatures and pressures. This phase evolves from felsic melts and changes into hydrothermal fluids, and its unique properties are particularly important in sequestering and concentrating low abundance elements, such as metals. In our past research, we have focused on processes observed at upper crustal levels, however extensive work by us and other researchers have demonstrated that supercritical melt/fluids should be abundant in melting zones at deep-crustal levels too. We propose that these fluids may provide a connecting link between lower and upper crustal magmas,and a highly efficient transport mechanism for usually melt incompatible elements. In this paper, we explore the unique features of this fluid which allow the partitioning of variouselements and compounds, potentially up to extreme levels,and may explain various features both of mineralization and the magmas that produced them.

关键词： Granites Pegmatites supercritical state Extreme element enrichment

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Bethe-salpeter equations: mesons beyond the rainbow-ladder truncation

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1500-1503页

作者： richard Williams Christian s.Fischer Institute for Nuclear Physics Darmstadt University of Technology GsI Helmholtzzentrum für schwerionenforschung GmbH

We investigate masses of light mesons from a coupled system of Dyson–schwinger （DsE） and Bethe– salpeter equations （BsE）,taking into account dominant non-Abelian,sub-leading Abelian,and dominant pion cloud contributions to the dressed quark-gluon *** axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity preserving Bethe-salpeter kernel is constructed and the spectrum of light mesons *** model goes significantly beyond the *** find that sub-leading Abelian corrections are further dynamically suppressed,and that our results supersede early qualitative predictions from simple truncation schemes.

关键词： Dyson-schwinger equations Bethe-salpeter equations light-mesons beyond rainbow-ladder

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Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Minchin palaeolake system,south America: The influence of astronomical forcing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第2期5卷 249-259页

作者： Andrea sánchez-saldías richard A.Faria Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de la República Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Paleobiología

Current palaeoclimatic reconstructions for the R＆#237;o de la Plata region during the latest Pleistocene （30,000 e10,000 yr BP） propose dry conditions, with rainfall at the Last Glacial Maximum amounting to one-third of today＇s precipitation. Despite the consequential low primary productivity inferred, an impressive megafauna existed in the area at that time. Here we explore the influence of the flooding from a huge extinct system of water bodies in the Andean Altiplano as a likely source for wet regimes that might have increased the primary productivity and, hence, the vast number of megaherbivores. The system was reconstructed using specifically combined software resources, including Insola, Global Mapper v13, surfer and Matlab. Changes in water volume and area covered were related to climatic change, assessed through a model of astronomical forcing that describes the changes in insolation at the top of the at-mosphere in the last 50,000 yr BP. The model was validated by comparing its results with several proxies （CH4, CO2, D, 18O） from dated cores taken from the ice covering Antarctic lakes Vostok and EPICA Dome C. It is concluded that the Altiplano Lake system drained towards the southeast in the rainy seasons and that it must have been a major source of water for the Paran＆#225;-Plata Basin, consequently enhancing primary productivity within it.

关键词： Planetary science Climate science Quaternary Palaeoecology Megafauna Parana Basin

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Targeting key signalling pathways in oesophageal adenocarcinoma:A reality for personalised medicine?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2781-2790页

作者： richard R Keld Yeng s Ang Department of Gastroenterology Royal Albert Edward InfirmaryWigan LaneWiganGreater ManchesterWN1 2NNUnited Kingdom school of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom

Cancer treatments are rapidly *** treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or *** for both regimes are generally poor as a result of tumor *** have reviewed the key signalling pathways associated with oesophageal adenocarcinomas and discussed the recent trials of novel agents that attempt to target these *** are many trials underway with the aim of improving survival in oesophageal ***,phase 2 and 3 trials are focused on MAP kinase inhibition,either through inhibition of growth factor receptors or signal transducer *** order to avoid tumor resistance,it appears to be clear that targeted therapy will be needed to combat the multiple signalling pathways that are in operation in oesophageal *** may be achievable in the future with the advent of gene signatures and a combinatorial approach.

关键词： Oesophageal adenocarcinoma signallingpathways MAP and PI3 Kinase pathways Wnt signalling Transforming growth factor-13 pathway Nuclear factor-KBpathways Transcription factors Tyrosine kinase receptors

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Genetic interactions and modifi er genes in Hirschsprung's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第45期17卷 4937-4944页

作者： Adam s Wallace richard B Anderson Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Melbourne

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder that occurs in 1:5000 live births. It is characterised by an absence of enteric neurons along a variable region of the gastrointestinal tract. Hirschsprung's disease is classified as a multigenic disorder, because the same phenotype is associated with mutations in multiple distinct genes. Furthermore, the genetics of Hirschsprung's disease are highly complex and not strictly Mendelian. The phenotypic variability and incomplete penetrance observed in Hirschsprung' s disease also suggests the involvement of modifier genes. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of the genetics underlying Hirschsprung's disease based on human and animal studies, focusing on the principal causative genes, their interactions, and the role of modif ier genes.

关键词： Neural crest Enteric nervous system Hirschsprung’s disease Aganglionosis Modif ier genes

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Identification of specific genes and pathways involved in NsAIDs-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第40期12卷 6446-6452页

作者： richard H Huang Jianyuan Chai Andrzej s Tarnawski Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of California Irvine and VA Long Beach Healthcare System California United States Department of Medicine University of California Irvine and VA Long Beach Healthcare System California United States

AIM: To study whether indomethacin (IND), a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor or Ns-398 (Ns), a COX-2-selective inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and which apoptosis-related genes and pathways are involved. METHODs: Human colon cancer Caco-2 cells were treated with either: placebo, IND (0.05-0.5 mmol/L) or Ns (0.01-0.2 mmol/L) for 1, 5 and 18 h. We then studied: (1) Cell death by the TUNEL method, (2) mRNA expression of 96 apoptosis-related genes using DNA microarray, (3) expression of selected apoptosis related proteins by Western blotting. REsULTs: Both IND and Ns induced apoptosis in 30%-50% of Caco-2 cells in a dose dependent manner. IND (0.1 mmol/L for 1 h) significantly up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes in four families: (1) TNF receptor and ligand, (2) Caspase, (3) Bcl-2 and (4) Caspase recruiting domain. Ns treatment up-regulated similar pro-apoptotic genes as IND. In addition, IND also down-regulated anti-apoptotic genes of the IAP family. CONCLUsION: (1) Both non-selective and COX-2-selective NsAIDs induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. (2) Both NsAIDs induce apoptosis by activating two main apoptotic pathways: the death receptor pathway (involving TNF-R) and the mitochondrial pathway. (3) IND induces apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulating anti-apoptotic genes, while Ns only up-regulates pro-apoptotic genes. (4) Induction of apoptosis in coloncancer cells by NsAIDs may explain in part, their inhibitory action on colon cancer growth.

关键词： Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Colon cancer Apoptosis Cyclooxygenase cDNA microarray

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