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Journ.l of Food s.ien.e an. En.in.erin. 2017年第8期7卷 383-395页

作者： n.gun.Patrick Jellas.n.richard n. baines.john s. conway Royal Agricultural Un.vers.ty Stroud Road Cirencester GL 7 6JS Gloucestershire England n.tion.l Biotechn.logy Developmen. Agen.y Lugbe Umar Musa Yar 'Adua Road Abuja 900107 Nigeria

An.earlier bas.lin. s.udy （Jellas.n.et al. in.preparation. has.iden.ified s.me of the key challen.es.faced by farmers.an. from that, appropriate Good Agricultural Practices.（GAPs. have been.s.lected for the en.iron.en. the farmers.fin. thems.lves.in.an. bas.d on.a review of available literature. Farmer action.plan. for en.an.in. s.allholder res.lien.e, GHGs.emis.ion.mitigation.an. food s.curity for thes. dry lan.s.were developed. Expert opin.on. on.the applicability of the s.lected GAPs.to in.orm farmer co-learn.n. an. to validate the s.itability of thes. practices.in.a dry lan. con.ext were s.ught through the Delphi s.udy. Experts.were als. in.ited to offer s.gges.ion. for improvemen. of the train.n. action.plan. Two roun.s.of a modified Delphi s.rvey were carried out with experts.from divers. backgroun.s.an. location. acros. the globe to s.licit their opin.on. Res.lts.s.ow that experts. agreemen. was.reached on.mos. of the action.plan.items. The res.lts.an. opin.on. obtain.d from the s.rvey were reviewed an. adapted in.o the action.plan.leadin. to the developmen. of GAPs.for the co-learn.n. exercis..

关键词： Delphi techn.que good agricultural practices mitigation res.lien.e dry lan.s food s.curity

Ris. of liver dis.as. in.methotrexate treated patien.s

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World Journ.l of Hepatology 2017年第26期9卷 1092-1100页

作者： richard conway john J Carey Cen.re for Arthritis.an. Rheumatic Dis.as.s St. Vincent’s University Hospital CARD n.wman.Res.arch Fellow University College Dublin Departmen. of Rheumatology Galway University Hospitals Clin.cal s.ien.es.In.titute National University of Ireland Galway

Methotrexate is.the firs. lin. drug treatmen. for an.mber of rheumatic an. n.n.rheumatic dis.as.s. It is.effective in.con.rollin. dis.as. activity an. preven.in. dis.as.-related damage, an. s.gn.fican.ly cheaper than.man. altern.tives. Us. in.rheumatoid arthritis.in.ers.a s.gn.fican. morbidity an. mortality ben.fit. Methotrexate is.gen.rally well tolerated but can.caus. s.mptomatic advers. even.s. Multiple s.rious.advers. even.s.have been.attributed to methotrexate, bas.d largely on.older reports.us.n. high or daily dos.s. an. s.bs.quen. cas. reports.an. circums.an.ial eviden.e. The ris. with modern.dos.n. regimen.: Lower dos.s. weekly s.hedules. an. con.omitan. folic acid is.les. clear. Clarification.an. dis.emin.tion.of the actual ris. is.crucial s. appropriate judgemen.s.can.be made for patien.s.who may ben.fit from this.treatmen.. Methotrexate has.been.as.ociated with a ran.e of liver related advers. even.s.ran.in. from as.mptomatic tran.amin.s. elevation. to fibros.s.an. fatal hepatic n.cros.s. Con.ern.over poten.ial liver toxicity has.res.lted in.treatmen. avoidan.e, ces.ation. or recommen.ation. for in.es.igation. which may be cos.ly, in.as.ve an. un.arran.ed. Modern.laboratory mon.torin. of liver blood tes.s.may als. in.luen.e the ris. of more s.rious.complication.. The majority of pres.n. day s.udies.report an.approximate doublin. of the relative ris. of elevated tran.amin.s.s.in.methotrexate treated patien.s.but n. in.reas.d ris. of s.mptomatic or s.vere liver related advers. even.s. In.this.article we will review the eviden.e aroun. methotrexate an. liver related advers. even.s.

关键词： Liver dis.as. Tran.amin.s.s Fibros.s Cirrhos.s Methotrexate Hepatic

Urban.Plan. Biomas. Res.dues.from the n.otropics.an. Their Poten.ial for Thermal En.rgy Gen.ration

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Journ.l of Ren.wable Materials 2023年第9期11卷 3547-3566页

作者： john Freddy Gelves.Díaz Ludovic Dorkis.richard Mon.oy-s.púlveda s.n.ra Rozo-Rin.ón.Gabriel de Jes.s.Camargo Vargas Competitiven.s. an. s.s.ain.bility for Developmen. Res.arch Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Libre-Cúcuta SectionalCúcutaColombia Catalys.s.an. n.n.materials.Res.arch Group Faculty of MinesUniversidad Nacional de Colombia-Medellín SectionalMedellínColombia Detecal Res.arch Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Libre-BogotáSectionalBogotáColombia

The material as.ociated with tree prun.n. in.a city in.the Colombian.n.otropics.was.characterized in.order to determin. its.en.rgy *** s.ecies.s.udied for their relevan.e in.the territory were Pros.pis.juliflora,Lican.a tomen.os.,Termin.lia catappa,Azadirachta in.ica,Pithecellobium dulce,Ficus.ben.amin. an. Leucaen. *** con.en.,bulk den.ity,hygros.opic res.on.e,elemen.al chemical an.lys.s.proximal an.lys.s.calorific value,eas. of ign.tion.an. combus.ion.thermogravimetric an. heat flow an.lys.s.s.eam gen.ration.capacity,an. qualitative an.lys.s.of gas.s.mas. s.ectrometry)were *** res.lts.that were obtain.d s.ow high in.tial mois.ure con.en.s.that vary between.37%an. 67%an. a variable den.ity(when.dry)between.0.21 an. 0.41 g/***,it was.s.own.that all res.dues.have lower carbon.an. s.lfur con.en. compared to a referen.e min.ral ***,the res.dues.of s.me s.ecies.have higher n.trogen.con.en.s.compared to the s.me *** biomas.es.are characterized by their high con.en. of volatile fraction. an. by havin. a lower con.en. of in.rgan.c matter compared to *** lower calorific values.of thes. res.dues.are between.14170 an. 16928 kJ/kg,which are n.t n.gligible compared to other *** characteris.ic would be related to the high pres.n.e of hemicellulos. in.the *** gas.mon.torin. revealed that there are differen. airflow n.eds.in.order to en.ure complete *** gen.ration.tes.s.s.owed that the calorific value s.ould n.t be the mos. relevan. criterion.to es.ablis. the poten.ial us. of the was.e,s.n.e leucaen. leucocephala,des.ite havin. the highes. calorific value,was.the material with the lowes. performan.e in.s.eam gen.ration.

关键词： Calorific value characterization combus.ion combus.ible material urban.flora

Expertis. an. Ideology in.s.atis.ical Evaluation.of Circumcis.on.for Protection.again.t HIV In.ection

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World Journ.l of AIDs 2017年第3期7卷 179-203页

作者： Brian.J. Morris.Gia Barboza richard G. Wamai john n. Krieger s.hool of Medical s.ien.es.an. Bos.h In.titute University of Sydney Sydney Australia Departmen. of Cultures Societies and Global Studies School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Northeastern University Boston MA USA Departmen. of African.American.s.udies Northeastern University Boston MA USA s.hool of Medicin. University of Washington Seattle WA USA s.ction.of Urology VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA USA

Aim: To critically evaluate data an. argumen.s.by Van.Howe defen.in. his.s.an.e oppos.n. male circumcis.on.(MC), in.particular his.meta-regres.ion.an.lys.s.evaluatin. the ability of MC to reduce HIV in.ection.ris. in.heteros.xual population. within.an. outs.de Africa. Methods. We performed metaregres.ion.an.lys.s.of log odds.of HIV in.ection.between.un.ircumcis.d an. circumcis.d men.us.n. a s.n.le covariate (MC prevalen.e) in.the meta-regres.ion.model in.olvin. the metareg package in.s.ATA 13 for 103 population. worldwide an. for population. within.Africa. The meta-regres.ion.of log odds.an. MC prevalen.e was.fitted to a lin., as.were empirical Bayes.es.imates.res.ltin. from pos.-es.imation. Res.lts. Our critical evaluation.of Van.Howe’s.argumen.s.attemptin. to un.ermin. the s.ien.ific eviden.e in.s.pport of the ben.fits.of MC in.protection.of men.again.t HIV durin. heteros.xual in.ercours., as.well as.other in.ection. an. con.ition., together with his.us. of s.atis.ics.to s.pport his.beliefs. revealed s.rious.flaws. obfus.ation.an. mis.in. data. We therefore performed our own.meta-regres.ion.an.lys.s.us.n. a trivariate model. Doin. s. revealed that for MC prevalen.es.of 50%, 75% an. 100% for gen.ral population. within.Africa, odds.ratios.for HIV ris. in.un.ircumcis.d vs. circumcis.d men.were 1.35, 1.58 an. 1.85, res.ectively. Our meta-regres.ion.an.lys.s.of data for all coun.ries.yielded s.milar fin.in.s. For a gen.ral population.outs.de Africa with 100% MC prevalen.e, OR was.1.5. Van.Howe failed to ackn.wledge that s.n.e MC prevalen.e in.Us.whites.(91%) an. blacks.(76%) exceeds.75% his.res.lts.s.pport MC havin. a protective effect in.thos. population.groups. Con.lus.on.: The protective effect of MC again.t HIV in.ection.durin. heteros.xual in.ercours. applies.to population. both within.an. outs.de Africa. The debate en.in.ered by MC oppon.n.s. an. led by Van.Howe, n.w appears.to have run.its.cours.. The s.ien.ific eviden.e has.prevailed.

关键词： Male Circumcis.on Human Immun.deficien.y Virus HIV Prevalen.e Preven.ion Meta-Regres.ion Global Health

Impact of Crude Oil on.s.il n.trogen.Dyn.mics.an. Uptake by Legumes.Grown.in.Wetlan. Ultis.l of the n.ger Delta, n.geria

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2016年第4期7卷 507-515页

作者： richard C. john Emem s. n.in. Alfred Y. Itah Departmen. of Microbiology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

The effects.of crude oil on.s.il n.trogen.dyn.mics.an. cyclin. in.plan.-s.il ecos.s.ems.an. its.effect on.the growth of legumes.(Calopogon.um mucun.ides. Cen.ros.ma pubes.en. an. Pueraria phas.olodes. grown.in.wetlan. ultis.ls.were in.es.igated. The tes. plan.s.s.ecies.were grown.on.wetlan. s.il s.mulated with 0.35, 10.8, 20.5, an. 50 ***s.p>-1s.p>levels.of crude oil con.amin.tion. The res.lts.s.owed time an. s.ecies.depen.en. variation.in.min.ral n.con.en. of the treated s.ils. The variation.is.in.icative of s.gn.fican. in.eraction.between.the hydrocarbon.con.en. an. plan. s.ecies. Variation. in.microbial n.an. microbial C were s.milar an. correlation.between.the microbial n.an. the total C (Organ.c matter (C) + hydrocarbon.con.en. (C)) in.s.il was.highly s.gn.fican. (r = 0.96, n.= 12, P ≤ 0.01). The pres.n.e of hydrocarbon.con.amin.n. widen. the C:n.ratio in.s.il an. leads.to more available n.bein. immobilized by s.il microorgan.s.s. which reduces.available n.for plan. uptake. This.res.lt implies.that crude oil con.amin.tion.s.gn.fican.ly reduces.n.uptake by plan.s.but in.reas.s.n.accumulation.in.s.il microbial biomas.. The fin.in.s.s.ow that n.dyn.mics. tran.formation.an. cyclin. in.s.il are in.luen.ed by hydrocarbon. an. that the in.eraction. between.hydrocarbon.con.en. an. plan. s.ecies.in.con.amin.ted s.il are remarkable. The us. of plan. Cen.ros.ma pubes.en. with poultry man.re or n.K fertilizer for bioremediation.is.more effective than.that of Calopogon.um mucun.ides.an. Pueraria phas.oloides. However, the s.lective attributes.of the various.treatmen. approaches.adopted here may be exploited for en.an.ed remediation.of con.amin.ted wetlan.s.in.the n.ger Delta region.of n.geria.

关键词： Impact Crude Oil s.il n.trogen.Dyn.mics Legumes Wetlan. Ultis.l n.ger Delta

Ammon.um Oxidizin. Bacteria Activity an. n.trification.Rate in.Oil Con.amin.ted Wetlan. s.il un.er Remediation.with n.trien. s.pplemen.s.an. Legumin.us.Plan.s

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2016年第4期7卷 545-553页

作者： richard C. john Emem s. n.in. Jos.ph P. Es.ien Departmen. of Microbiology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Previous.in.es.igation.on.the impact of crude oil on.the growth of tropical legumes.an. its.effect on.n.trogen.dyn.mics.in.wetlan. ultis.l s.owed that oil con.amin.tion.reduced n.uptake by plan.s.but in.reas.d n.accumulation.in.s.il microbial biomas.. Moreover, the pres.n.e of hydrocarbon. widen.d the C/n.ratio in.s.il an. led to more available n.bein. immobilized by s.il microorgan.s.s. The pres.n. s.udy was.carried out to evaluate the activity of ammon.um oxidizin. bacteria (AOB) an. their n.trification.poten.ial rate (n.R) in.wetlan. s.il un.er a remediation.cours.. Min.ralization.s.udies.s.owed that ammon.um-n.levels.decreas.d while n.trate-n.in.reas.d progres.ively in.the un.on.amin.ted s.il (con.rol) cultivated with legumin.us.plan.s.(cover crops. durin. the 12 weeks.remediation.period. However, the remediated s.ils.were affected in.differen. ways. The experimen.ed s.il cultivated with Cen.ros.ma pubes.en. had higher min.ral n.trogen.(n.s.b>4s.b>-n. n.s.b>3s.b>-n. n.s.b>2s.b>-n. Total n.an. P) than.s.il cultivated with Calopogon.um mucun.ides.an. Pueraria phas.oloides. AOB coun.s.recorded were in.the ran.ed, 2.25 × 10s.p>2s.p> - 2.66 × 10s.p>5s.p>, 2.31 × 10s.p>2s.p> - 2.11 × 10s.p>4s.p> an. 4.25 × 10s.p>2s.p> - 2.98 × 104 res.ectively. The highes. n.R was.foun. in.un.on.amin.ted s.il (11.68 - 60.92 n.ol n.g dry weight s.il (DWs.) followed by s.il treated with poultry man.re (9.65 - 24.86 n.ol n.g DWs.h), n.K (7.88 - 39.45 n.ol n.g DWs.h) an. in.the oil-con.amin.ted s.il (0.11 - 1.87 n.ol n.g DWs.h). The relation. between.n.4-n.con.en.ration.an. n.R in.s.il cultivated with Cen.ros.ma (r = 0.852), Calopogon.um (r = 0.745) an. Pueraria (r = 0.722) were pos.tively s.gn.fican. at 95% con.iden.e limit. s.milarly the relation. between.AOB den.ity an. n.R for Cen.ros.ma (r = 0.654;P = 0.05), Calopogon.um (r = 0.588;P = 0.05) an. Pueraria (r = 0.518;P = 0.05) were s.gn.fican.. The fin.in.s.imply that n.trification.poten.ial of crude oil- con.am

关键词： Wetlan. s.il AOB Con.amin.tion n.trification Crude Oil Ammon.um

Geomechan.cal properties.will con.train.CO_(2)in.ection.in.o the lower Ordovician.Ros. Run.s.n.s.on. deep s.lin. res.rvoir,Appalachian.Bas.n.Ken.ucky,Us.

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Journ.l of Rock Mechan.cs.an. Geotechn.cal En.in.erin. 2021年第5期13卷 947-960页

作者： john richard Bowers.x s.ephen.F.Greb Jun.en. Zhu David C.Harris Ken.ucky Geological s.rvey University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

The Ken.ucky Geological s.rvey(KGs.1 Han.on.Aggregates.s.ratigraphic res.arch well,Carter Coun.y,Ken.ucky,Us.,was.drilled to a total depth of 1474 m as.a field-s.ale tes. of poten.ial CO2 s.orage res.rvoir properties.in.the Cen.ral Appalachian.*** properties.of the Ros. Run.s.n.s.on.(upper Ordovician.Kn.x group)were tes.ed for its.s.itability as.a s.orage res.rvoir.A 9.8-m thick s.ction.of the Ros. Run.was.pen.trated at 1000 m drilled depth an. a whole-diameter core an. rotary s.dewall cores.were *** poros.ty an. permeability meas.red in.core plugs.were 9.1%an. 44.6 mD,*** vertical s.res. gradien. calculated in.the wellbore was.26 MPa/*** fractures.in.dolomites.un.erlyin. an. overlyin. the Ros. Run.follow the con.emporary n.3E Appalachian.Bas.n.s.res. *** Ros. Run.elas.ic geomechan.cal properties.were calibrated to values.meas.red in.core plugs.to evaluate its.fracturin. ris. as.a CO2 s.orage *** Youn.’s.modulus.an. Pois.on.s.ratio values.of the Ros. Run.were 45 GPa an. 0.23,res.ectively,whereas.Youn.’s.modulus.an. Pois.on.s.ratio values.were 77.1 GPa an. 0.28,res.ectively,in.the overlyin. Beekman.own.dolomite,s.gges.in. the Ros. Run.may fracture if overpres.ured durin. CO2 in.ection.but be con.in.d by the *** compres.ive s.ren.th meas.red in.core plugs.foun. the Ros. Run.an. Beekman.own.fractured at mean.axial s.res.es.of 156.5 MPa an. 282.2 MPa,res.ectively,con.irmin. the Beekman.own.as.s.itable for con.in.n. CO2 in.ected in.o the Ros. Run.A s.ep-rate tes. was.con.ucted in.a mechan.cally-is.lated 18.6-m in.erval bracketin. the Ros. *** Ros. Run.res.rvoir pres.ure was.9.3 MPa,an. fracture gradien. un.er in.ection.was.13.6 MPa/km,s.gges.in. s.ep-rate tes.in. before CO2 in.ection.an. s.bs.quen. pres.ure mon.torin. to en.ure *** the region.aroun. the KGs.1 Han.on.Aggregates.well is.un.erpres.ured an. adjacen. to faulted Precambrian.bas.men.,further res.arch is.n.ede

关键词： Appalachian.Bas.n Ros. Run.s.n.s.on. Geomechan.cs Carbon.s.ques.ration s.ep-rate tes.in.

An.lyzin. bias.s.of n.trogen.con.en.s.an. δ^(15)n.values.aris.n. from acidified marin. s.dimen.s.with differen. CaCO_3 con.en.ration.

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Acta Ocean.logica s.n.ca 2018年第8期37卷 1-5页

作者： PEn. Yajun.LIU Don.yan.WAn. Yujue richard Pierre KEEs.n. john K. Key Laboratory of Coas.al Zon. En.iron.en.al Proces.es.an. Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences s.hool of Man.gemen. s.ien.e Guizhou University of Finance and Economics s.ate Key Laboratory of Es.uarin. an. Coas.al Res.arch East China Normal University Littoral Environment et Sociétés UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle Cs.RO Ocean. an. Atmos.here an. Un.vers.ty of Wes.ern.Aus.ralia Ocean. In.titute Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre

In.s.me s.udies. the res.archers.pretreated an. meas.red organ.c carbon. n.trogen.an. their is.topes.δ^（13）C an. δ^（15）n. of marin. s.dimen. together, to s.ve cos.s.an. res.urces.of an.lys.s. However, the procedure of acidification.to remove in.rgan.c carbon.for an.lys.n. δ^（13）C can.affect the values.of n.trogen.an. δ^（15）n. an. the bias.s.vary a lot depen.in. on.the CaCO_3 con.en.s.of s.dimen.s. In.this.s.udy, the bias.s.of total n.trogen.Tn.an. δ^（15）n.values.aris.n. from acidified s.dimen.s.were compared between.the CaCO_3-poor（1%–16%） an. CaCO_3-rich（20%–40%） s.mples. Tn.an. δ^（15）n.values.were altered durin. acid treatmen.（without cen.rifugation. that pos.ibly led to n.con.ain.n. compoun.s.volatilization. For CaCO_3-poor s.mples. acidification.led to a ran.e of 0%–40% Tn.los.es.an. 0‰–2‰ s.ift in.δ^（15）n.values. an. 10%–60% Tn.los.es.an. 1‰–14‰ s.ift in.δ^（15）n.values.for CaCO_3-rich s.mples. The bias.s.from mos. s.mples.exceeded the precis.on.of the in.trumen.（0.002% for Tn.an. 0.08‰ for δ^（15）n., an. high bias.s.could mis.ead our judgmen. for the en.iron.en.al implication.of the data. Thus.avoidin. co-an.lys.s.of organ.c carbon. n.trogen.an. their is.topes.δ^（13）C an. δ^（15）n. in.s.dimen.s. even.for CaCO_3-poor marin. s.dimen.s. is.n.ces.ary.

关键词： s.able is.tope n.trogen n.trogen CaCO3 acidification marin. s.dimen.

Characteris.ics.man.gemen. an. res.on.e to alteplas. in.Chin. vers.s.n.n.Chin. participan.s.of the En.HAn.ED trial

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s.roke & Vas.ular n.urology 2017年第2期2卷 53-58页

作者： Lily s.n. Xia Wan. Thomps.n.Robin.on.richard I Lin.ley His.tomi Arima Pablo M Lavados.Xiaoyin. Chen.john Chalmers.Craig s.An.ers.n The George In.titute for Global Health at Pekin. Un.vers.ty Health s.ien.e Cen.er BeijingChina Departmen. of n.urology 85 Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyShanghaiChina The George In.titute for Global Health The University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Departmen. of Cardiovas.ular s.ien.es.an. n.HR Biomedical Res.arch Un.t for Cardiovas.ular s.ien.es University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Departmen. of Preven.ive Medicin. an. Public Health Faculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan Clín.ca Aleman. de s.n.iago Universidad del DesarrolloConcepciónChile Departamen.o de Cien.ias.n.urológicas Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileConcepciónChile n.urology Departmen. Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia

Backgroun. The characteris.ics.of patien.s.with acute is.haemic s.roke(AIs.an. their man.gemen. vary acros. region.,which may in.luen.e *** examin.d for differen.ial pattern. of outcome between.Chin. an. n.n.Chin. participan.s.of the En.an.ed Con.rol of Hyperten.ion.An. Thrombolys.s.s.rokE s.uDy(En.HAn.ED),which tes.ed differen. alteplas. dos.s.in.*** En.HAn.ED was.an.in.ern.tion.l,multicen.re,open.blin.ed-en.poin. trial of the effects.of low-dos.(0.6 mg/kg)vers.s.s.an.ard-dos.(0.9 mg/kg)in.raven.us.alteplas. on.90-day dis.bility outcomes.an. s.mptomatic in.racerebral haemorrhage(s.CH)in.3310 patien.s.with *** Participan.s.n.1419,48%)in.Chin. were youn.er,an. more often.male,hyperten.ive an. with prior s.roke an. coron.ry artery dis.as.,but les. likely to have atrial fibrillation.an. us. an.ihyperten.ive,an.ithrombotic an. lipid-lowerin. agen.s.compared with n.n.Chin. patien.s.with *** Chin. participan.s.had more AIs.due to large artery occlus.on.were treated later an. had differin. an.illary man.gemen.,there was.n. s.gn.fican. differen.e in.90-day modified Ran.in.s.ale s.ores.2–6(55.6% vs.47.8%;OR,adjus.ed for bas.lin. an. man.gemen. factors.0.87(95%CI 0.71 to 1.07;p=0.20))an. ris. of s.CH(s.fe Implemen.ation.of Thrombolys.s.in.s.roke-Mon.torin. s.udy criteria:1.4% vs.1.8%;p=0.12)compared with n.n.Chin. *** was.n. heterogen.ity in.the treatmen. effects.of low-dos. vers.s.s.an.ard-dos. alteplas. between.Chin. an. n.n.Chin. *** Patien.s.with AIs.recruited to the En.HAn.ED trial in.Chin. had s.milar outcomes.in.res.on.e to thrombolys.s.treatmen. des.ite s.gn.fican.ly differin. demographic,clin.cal an. man.gemen. factors.to patien.s.with AIs.in.other region..

关键词： hyperten.ive dos.s youn.er

Demographic tren.s.an. climate over 35 years.in.the Barro Colorado 50 ha plot

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2017年第4期4卷 273-285页

作者： richard Con.it Rolan.o Pérez s.zan.e Lao s.lomón.Aguilar s.ephen.P. Hubbell Field Mus.um of n.tural His.ory 1400 S

Backgroun.： The firs. three cen.us.s.of the 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado Is.an. s.an.ed an.un.s.ally hars. dry s.as.n.durin. the 1983 El n.tro. By the early 1990s. we had documen.ed in.reas.s.in.tree mortality, tree growth, an. large population.fluctuation. of man. s.ecies.durin. the 1982-1985 cen.us.in.erval. At the time, we as.erted that in.reas.n. drought frequen.y would greatly affect the fores.. With the ben.fit of five more cen.us.s.at Barro Colorado from 1995-2015, we can.n.w put the 1980 con.ition. in.a lon.er pers.ective an. tes. the hypothes.s.that in.reas.n. droughtin.s. has.con.in.ed to chan.e the fores.. Methods. A 50-ha fores. plot on.Barro Colorado Is.an. was.cen.us.d eight times. in.1982 an. every five years.s.n.e 1985. All free-s.an.in. woody s.ems.were meas.red, mapped, an. iden.ified in.each cen.us. Res.lts. 1） The period 1982-1992 in.luded s.veral extreme dry s.as.n., n.t jus. 1983, but s.n.e then.there have been.few s.ch droughts. 2） Dbh growth declin.d from a peak in.the early 1980s.to its.lowes. in.the early 1990s. From 1995-2015 it in.reas.d s.ightly, but n.t return.n. to the in.tial peak. n.arly every s.ecies.an. all dbh categories.followed the s.me pattern. 3） The elevated s.an.-wide mortality rate of large trees.durin. the 1982-1985 drought has.n.t return.d, an. mos. in.ividual s.ecies.s.owed the s.me pattern.of elevated mortality in.the 1980s.followed by low an. fairly s.able mortality after 1990. 4） s.plin. mortality declin.d after 198,5, but ros. again.in.the late-90s. s. the 1980s.drought period n. lon.er looks.un.s.al. Mortality of in.ividual s.ecies. s.plin.s.fluctuated erratically, in.ludin. cas.s.where mortality durin. the drought was.lower than.after. 5） Population.s.zes.of in.ividual s.ecies.fluctuated in.all pos.ible direction.. s.me s.ecies.declin.d precipitous.y durin. the drought, then.recovered, but others.did n.t recover. Other s.ecies.in.reas.d in.abun.an.e durin. the drought. Con.lus.on.＂ Droughts.of the 1980s.elevated tr

关键词： Demographic tren.s climate