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Choledochal cysts: Similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第26期25卷 3334-3343页

作者： George N Baison morgan m Bonds William S Helton richard A Kozarek Digestive Disease Institute Virginia Mason Medical Center

Choledochal cysts(CCs)are rare bile duct dilatations,intra-and/or extrahepatic,and have higher prevalence in the Asian population compared to Western *** of the current literature on CC disease originates from Asia where these entities are most *** are thought to arise from an anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction,which are congenital anomalies between pancreatic and bile *** similarities in presentation between Eastern and Western patients exist such as female predominance,however,contemporary studies suggest that Asian patients may be more symptomatic on *** though CC disease presents with an increased malignant risk reported to be more than 10%after the second decade of life in Asian patients,this risk may be overstated in Western *** this difference in cancer risk,management guidelines for all patients with CC are based predominantly on observations reported from Asia where it is recommended that all CCs should be excised out of concern for the presence or development of biliary tract cancer.

关键词： Choledochal cyst Cholangiocarcinoma Asian populations Western populations Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction

Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： megan L.SCHILL richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures *** effect has,and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North *** the southern Appalachian mountains,wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties,microbial extracellular enzyme production,and microbial abundances in a temperate region,surface soils(0-15 cm)were collected from two sites(the Great Smoky mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina,USA)spanning lightly,moderately,and severely burned areas,accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as *** soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity *** hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time,with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years *** enzymes varied among burn severities and across time *** burn plots showed greater carbon-specific(β-glucosidase andβ-xylosidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during *** results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe,which potentially has long-term impacts on biogeochemical

关键词： burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure 16S rRNA

The role of monocytes in optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1666-1671页

作者： Xiangxiang Liu Yuan Liu mohamed m.Khodeiry richard K.Lee Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

monocytes,including monocyte-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many phases of optic nerve injury *** microglia respond first,followed by infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuronal inflammation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar formation and tissue remodeling following optic nerve ***,microglia and macrophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrimental to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and temporal sequence of their *** divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines expressed by monocytes,crosstalk between monocyte and glial cells and even microglia-macrophage *** this review,we describe the dynamics and functions of microglia and macrophages in neuronal inflammation and regeneration following optic nerve injury,and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.

关键词： fibrotic scar glial scar inflammation macrophage microglia optic nerve injury regeneration

monocyte/macrophage-mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection:From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 565-576页

作者： Eman Teer Danzil E.Joseph richard H.Glashoff m.Faadiel Essop Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa(CARmA) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa Division of medical microbiology&Immunology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system,the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune system in the context of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** more attention and research work regarding the innate immune system-especially the role of monocytes and macrophages during early HIV-1 infection-is *** monocytes and tissue macrophages are both susceptible targets of HIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determine whether the nature of the infection becomes pathogenic or *** example,monocytes and macrophages can contribute to the HIV reservoir and viral persistence,and influence the initiation/extension of immune activation and chronic *** the expansion of monocyte subsets(classical,intermediate and non-classical)provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in terms of chronic inflammation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during HIV-1 *** review discusses the role of monocytes and macrophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis,starting from the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent immune activation and chronic *** changes are also linked to downstream targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： monocytes Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Persistent immune activation Coagulation Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)

Therapeutic potential of alpha 5 subunit containing GABA_(A) receptors in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1550-1551页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Henry J.Waldvogel richard L.m.Faull Centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Alheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia. It has been estimated that over 50 million people worldwide were affected by dementia in 2019, and the prevalence of dementia is expected to double approximately once every 20 years(Govindpani et al., 2017). most people who die with AD require high levels of care for long periods of time.

关键词： al. Alzheimer Therapeutic

The low_n and low_m r. e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent

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Science China mathematics 2004年第6期47卷 950-956页

作者： richard A.Shore Department of mathemalics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USAockusch Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > 1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies Shore and Slaman to show that the Lown and Lowm r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > m > 1.

Jockusch, Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n>1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies, Shore and Slaman to show that the Lown and Lowm r... 详细信息

关键词： recursively enumerable computably enumerable Turing degrees jump classes

Infrared chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-based cameras

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 813-822页

作者： David Knez Adam m.Hanninen richard C.Prince Eric O.Potma Dmitry A.Fishman Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Chemical imaging based on mid-infrared(mIR)spectroscopic contrast is an important technique with a myriad of applications,including biomedical imaging and environmental *** mIR cameras,however,lack performance and are much less affordable than mature Si-based devices,which operate in the visible and nearinfrared ***,we demonstrate fast mIR chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption(NTA)in a standard Si-based charge-coupled device(CCD).We show that wide-field mIR images can be obtained at 100 ms exposure times using picosecond pulse energies of only a few femtojoules per pixel through NTA directly on the CCD *** this on-chip approach does not rely on phase matching,it is alignment-free and does not necessitate complex postprocessing of the *** emphasize the utility of this technique through chemically selective mIR imaging of polymers and biological samples,including mIR videos of moving targets,physical processes and live nematodes.

关键词： absorption Infrared chemical

In situ mass spectrometry of autoimmune liver diseases

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 237-242页

作者： Christopher L Bowlus Erin H Seeley Joanna Roder Julia Grigorieva Heinrich Roder richard m Caprioli m Eric Gershwin Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA Biodesix Steamboat SpringsCOUSA Division of Clinical Immunology Allergy and RheumatologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)are the major forms of autoimmune liver diseases each characterized by the destruction of a specific liver cell type and the presence of differing *** took a proteomic approach utilizing in situ matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(mALDI mS)to obtain profiles directly from liver samples of patients with PBC,PSC,AIH and *** ability to precisely localize the region for acquisition of mALDI mS allowed us to obtain profiles from bile ducts,inflammatory infiltrates and hepatocytes from each biopsy *** tools developed to identify peaks and compare peaks across diseases and cell types were used to develop models to classify the *** an initial set of testing samples from PBC patients and controls,we identified unique peaks present in bile ducts,inflammatory infiltrates and hepatocytes that could classify samples in a validation cohort with 88–91%***,profiles of PSC and AIH did not differ significantly from *** of proteins in these peaks may represent novel autoantigens or effector *** findings illustrate the potential of a proteomic approach to autoimmune diseases with in situ mALDI mS.

关键词： autoimmune hepatitis mass spectrometry primary biliary cirrhosis primary sclerosing cholangitis

Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites:An example from the Nagercoil Block,southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 373-387页

作者： Tim E.Johnson Chris Clark richard J.m.Taylor m.Santosh Alan S.Collins Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRImP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively REE-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.

关键词： monazire migmatite Zircon Geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Gondwana