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Identification of microorganisms in Poultry Farms in N’djamena and the Border Areas of Hadjer-Lamis and Chari-Baguirmi Chad

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 223-234页

作者： Abakar Abbo Zakaria Bebanto Antipas Ban-Bo Nadine Terei Bongo Naré richard Gandolo Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum Labortoire de Rattachement IRED (Institut de Recherches en Elevage pour le Dé veloppement) University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Laboratory of Biochemistry-Cellular and molecular Biology-microbiology (L2BCm) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) N&#8217Djamena Chad Adam Barka University of Abé ch&#233 Ab&#233ch&#233 Chad

Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 m’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EmB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.

关键词： microorganisms Identification Poultry Farms N’Djamena Hadjer-Lamis Chari-Baguirmi(Chad)

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Orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus to visual cues: Effects of chemical odors

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 618-633页

作者： Julie m.mEDINA richard A.TANKERSLEY Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology

Adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus have long served as models for the study of vision in marine arthropods. Yet, little is known about the ability of early life history stages to detect and respond to visual cues. We examined the visually directed movements of larvae and first stage juveniles to horizons containing dark visual targets of different sizes. The study tested the hypotheses that （1） larval and juvenile crabs can detect and respond to visual targets and （2） the direction of orientation varies with the presence of chemical cues associated with settlement habitats. Orientation of larval and juvenile crabs to rectangles subtending angles from 30--330~ was tested in a circular arena containing water that either lacked estuarine chemical cues （offshore water） or contained odors from aquatic vegetation or known predators. In the absence of chemical odors, larvae oriented toward and juveniles moved away from dark horizons subtending angles 〉 60~. When placed in water containing chemical odors from potential nursery habitats, including the seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme, crabs reversed their direction of orientation relative to their responses in offshore water. Odors from two known predators, the mummichug Fundulus grandis and blue crab Callinectes sapidus, had no affect on the orientation of larvae. Yet, juveniles responded to both odors by moving toward the visual target. Results support the hypothesis that the visual orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs changes upon exposure to habitat and predator cues and that the direction of the response undergoes an ontogenetic shift following metamorphosis

关键词： Orientation Visual cues Chemical odors

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2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen Wade A.Weigel michael m.Todd richard P.Dutton Cynthia A.Lien Stuart A.Grant Joseph W.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson myron Yaster mark D.Grant madhulika Agarkar Anne m.marbella Jaime F.Blanck Karen B.Domino 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

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Understanding Science Through the Computational Lens

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2011年第4期26卷 569-577页

作者： richard m.Karp Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California

This article explores the changing nature of the interaction between computer science and the natural and social sciences. After briefly tracing the history of scientific computation, the article presents the concept of computational lens, a metaphor for a new relationship that is emerging between the world of computation and the world of the sciences. Our main thesis is that, in many scientific fields, the processes being studied can be viewed as computational in nature, in the sense that the processes perform dynamic transformations on information represented as digital data. Viewing natural or engineered systems through the lens of their computational requirements or capabilities provides new insights and ways of thinking. A number of examples are discussed in support of this thesis. The examples are from various fields, including quantum computing, statistical physics, the World Wide Web and the Internet, mathematics, and computational molecular biology.

关键词： computational process computer science and other sciences computational lens

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Effect of drug therapies on self-reported chemosensory outcomes after COVID-19

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： marco A.Fornazieri Bruno m.Cunha Samuel P.Nicácio Lucas K.Anzolin JoséL.B.da Silva Aristides Fernandes Neto Deusdedit Brandão Neto richard L.Voegels Fábio D.R.Pinna Department of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil Department of medicine Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Otorhinolaryngology:Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of medications used following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on self-reported alterations in taste and/or smell ***:Seven hundred and fourteen persons with self-reported postcoronavirus disease 2019(post-COVID-19)chemosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding specific medications they were administered following the acute phase of the *** dependent measure—self-reported total recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected to stepwise logistic *** predictors included demographic and clinical variables,in addition to specific medications used to mitigate disease symptoms(i.e.,systemic corticosteroids,oseltamivir,vitamin C,ibuprofen,hydroxychloroquine,azithromycin,ivermectin,nitazoxanide,anticoagulants,and zinc).Results:The median time between COVID-19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days(interquartile range:60-104).Of the 714 subjects,249(34.9%)reported total recovery of their chemosensory function;437(61.2%)had at least one treatment since the beginning of the *** and those with more comorbidities had undergone more *** recovery rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ ***,respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self-reported taste or smell *** who took oral zinc were less likely to ***:No medication employed during the first months after SARS-CoV-2 infection had a clear positive effect on returning self-reported smell or taste function to normal,although nitrazoxide trended in a positive *** zinc had a negative effect on the reported recovery of these senses.

关键词： chemosensory disorder coronavirus infections COVID-19 drug therapy SARS-CoV-2 smell loss taste loss

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What we have learned from randomized trials of prostate cancer screening

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 369-373,510页

作者： richard m Hoffman Anthony Y Smith medicine Service New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） for prostate cancer screening in the late 1980s led to an epidemic of prostate cancer, particularly in developed countries. However, the first valid reports from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of screening were not published until 2009. men in the screening group in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were 20% less likely than those in the control group to die from prostate cancer. The absolute difference was only 0.7/1000, implying that over 1400 men needed to be screened to prevent one prostate cancer death. Screening was also associated with a 70% increased risk for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial found no survival benefit for screening. Results were not conclusive because a substantial proportion of study subjects had previously undergone PSA testing, over half of the control group had PSA testing, follow-up was relatively short, and fewer than 100 subjects died from prostate cancer. Balancing the potential survival benefit from screening is the risk of overdiagnosis--finding cancers that would not otherwise cause clinical problems^and the risk of treatment complications, including urinary, sexual and bowel dysfunction. Prostate cancer screening efforts would benefit from improved biomarkers, which more readily identify clinically important cancers. Cancer control efforts might also need to include chemoprevention, though currently available agents are controversial. In the meantime, oatients need to be supoorted in achievine informed decisions on whether to be screened for orostate cancer.

关键词： cancer screening prostate-specific antigen prostatic neoplasms randomized controlled trials as topic

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metamorphic consequences of secular changes in oceanic crust composition and implications for uniformitarianism in the geological record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1009-1019页

作者： richard m.Palin Brendan Dyck Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University

Cooling of the Earth＇s mantle since the meso-Archean is predicted by thermal and petrological models to have induced a secular change in the composition of primary mantle-derived magmas-and thus bulk oceanic crust; in particular, suggesting a decrease in maficity over time. This hypothesis underpins several recent studies that have addressed key geological questions concerning evolving plate tectonic styles, the rates and timing of continental crust formation, comparative planetology, and the emergence of complex life on Earth. major, minor, and trace element geochemical analyses of（meta）mafic rocks preserved in the geological record allows exploration of this theory, although no consensus currently exists about the magnitude of this change and what compositions-if anything-constitute representative examples of Paleo-, meso-, or Neo-Archean primitive oceanic crust. In this work, we review the current state of understanding of this issue, and use phase equilibria to examine the different mineral assemblages and rock types that would form during metamorphism of basalt of varying maficity in subduction zone environments. The presence（or absence） of such metamorphic products in the geological record is often used as evidence for（or against） the operation of modern-day subductiondriven plate tectonics on Earth at particular time periods; however, the control that secular changes in composition have on the stability of mineral assemblages diagnostic of subduction-zone metamorphism weakens such uniformitarianistic approaches. Geodynamic interpretations of the Archean metamorphic rock record must therefore employ a different set of petrological criteria for determining tectonothermal histories than those applied to Proterozoic or Phanerozoic equivalents.

关键词： Archean mantle cooling Oceanic crust Basalt metamorphism Uniformitarianism

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Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants in Nigeria:An online survey

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 89-110页

作者： Eyiuche D Ezigbo Seyi S Enitan Esther N Adejumo Abiodun E Durosinmi richard Y Akele michael O Dada Grace E Itodo Abah m Idoko Okeoghene m Edafetanure-Ibeh Edwin N Okafor Adedeji A Abdulsalam Oyekan I Oyedoyin Polit U Yelpoji Ogunwola O Opeyemi Ogbuji S Nmesomachi Adesola O Oyekale Chisom B Onyeji Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguEN 400241Nigeria Department of medical Laboratory Science School of Public and Allied HealthBabcock UniversityIlishan-RemoOG 121109Nigeria Department of medical Laboratory Science State HospitalIjebu-OdeOG 120221Nigeria Department of Biomedical Science School of Applied ScienceUniversity of BrightonBrightonES BN24ATUnited Kingdom Department of microbiology Federal Teaching Hospital LokojaLokojaKO 260006Nigeria Department of Hematology and Blood Group Serology Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory TechnologyVomPL 930101Nigeria Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Texas A and M University School of Public HealthGarlandTX 75049United States Division of Chemical Pathology Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusEnuguEN 400102Nigeria School of molecular Bioscience Sciences College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowSCO G128QQUnited Kingdom Department of medical Laboratory Science State Hospital Ijebu-OdeIjebu-OdeOG 360101Nigeria Department of medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of JosJosPL 930103Nigeria Department of medical Laboratory Science Bola Tinubu Health and Diagnostic CenterLagosLA 100102Nigeria Department of Pathology 68 Nigerian Army Reference HospitalYabaLA 1211001Nigeria Department of medical Laboratory Science Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoOS 2111105Nigeria

BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance among Nigerians is crucial for improving vaccine *** To assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants among *** An online cross-sectional survey(observational study)was conducted between February 2021 and may 2021,using a questionnaire hosted on *** invitation to take part in the poll was sent out to participants through social networking platforms.A logistic regression was used to determine which sociodemographic factors were associated with vaccine acceptance *** A total of 1800 persons responded to the survey,a larger proportion of whom were males(53.9%)and within the age group of 21-30 years(29.4%)and earned an average income of less than$500 per month(43.3%).Only 0.56%of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection,while only 1.11%had a perceived risk of dying from *** perception rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 51.1%,while the acceptance rate was 63.9%.There was no significant association between the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and related determinants assessed,particularly age(χ²=3.049,P=0.550),sex(χ²=0.102,P=0.749),average income(χ²=3.802,P=0.875),and religion(χ²=2.819,P=0.420).Participants with chronic conditions demonstrated a higher acceptance rate compared to the general *** Despite the positive perception observed and substantial vaccine acceptance rate among the study participants,more public health interventions are still needed to enhance vaccine acceptability in Nigeria.

关键词： Acceptance COVID-19 Determinants Hesitancy Nigerians Online survey Vaccine

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Seismic performance of steel mRF building with nonlinear viscous dampers

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 254-271页

作者： Baiping DONG James m. RICLES richard SAUSE ATLSS Engineering Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

This paper presents an experimental study of the seismic response of a 0.6-scale three-story seismicresistant building structure consisting of a moment resisting frame （mRF） with reduced beam sections （RBS）, and a frame with nonlinear viscous dampers and associated bracing （called the DBF）. The emphasis is on assessing the seismic performance for the design basis earthquake （DBE） and maximum considered earthquake （mCE）. Three mRF designs were studied, with the mRF designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the required base shear design strength determined according to ASCE 7-10. The DBF with nonlinear viscous dampers was designed to control the lateral drift demands. Earthquake simulations using ensembles of DBE and mCE ground motions were conducted using the real-time hybrid simulation method. The results show the drift demand and damage that occurs in the mRF under seismic loading. Overall, the results show that a high level of seismic performance can be achieved under DBE and mCE ground motions, even for a building structure designed for as little as 60% of the base shear design strength required by ASCE 7-10 for a structure without dampers.

关键词： seismic response steel mRF nonlinear viscous damper design basis earthquake real-time hybrid simulation

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The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第2期5卷 139-153页

作者： richard J.Goldfarb m.Santosh U.S.Geological Survey Box 25046 MS 973 Denver Federal Center State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth and Geographical Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley

The ca. 126e120 ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country＇s largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as＆gt;3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE-to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165e150 ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Pre-cambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous ＂Yan-shanian＂intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation. 〈br〉 Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong de-posits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolati-lization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130e123 ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineral-ization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subducti

关键词： Gold Jiaodong North China block Tectonics mineral deposit mode

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