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Bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7277-7283页

作者： Zhiheng Pei Liying Yang richard m peek Jr Steven m Levine David T Pride martin J Blaser Departments of Pathology and medicine New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 the United States of America and Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Health System New York NY 10010United States Department of Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States Jr Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37212United States Department of medicine New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States Departments of medicine and microbiology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016United States Departments of medicine and microbiology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016the United States of America and Department of Veterans AffairsNew York Harbor Health System New York NY 10010 United States

AIm： To identify the bacterial flora in conditions such as Barrett＇s esophagus and reflux esophagitis to determine if they are similar to normal esophageal flora. mETHODS： Using broad-range 16S rDNA PCR, esophageal biopsies were examined from 24 patients [9 with normal esophageal mucosa, 12 with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）, and 3 with Barrett＇s esophagus]. Two separate broad-range PCR reactions were performed for each patient, and the resulting products were cloned. In one patient with Barrett＇s esophagus, 99 PCR clones were analyzed. RESULTS： Two separate clones were recovered from each patient （total = 48）, representing 24 different species, with 14 species homologous to known bacteria, 5 homologous to unidentified bacteria, and 5 were not homologous （〈97% identity） to any known bacterial 16S rDNA sequences. Seventeen species were found in the reflux esophagitis patients, 5 in the Barrett＇s esophagus patients, and 10 in normal esophagus patients. Further analysis concentrating on a single biopsy from an individual with Barrett＇s esophagus revealed the presence of 21 distinct bacterial species. members of four phyla were represented, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. microscopic examination of each biopsy demonstrated bacteria in intimate association with the distal esophageal epithelium, suggesting that the presence of these bacteria is not transitory. CONCLUSION： These findings provide evidence for a complex, residential bacterial population in esophageal reflux-related disorders. While much of this biota is present in the normal esophagus, more detailed comparisons may help identify potential disease associations.

关键词： Bacterial biota Esophagus 16S rDNA PCR

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Effect of Helicobacter pylori cdrA on interleukin-8 secretions and nuclear factor kappa B activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第5期18卷 425-434页

作者： Hiroaki Takeuchi Ya-Nan Zhang Dawn A Israel richard m peek Jr mikio Kamioka Hideo Yanai Norihito morimoto Tetsuro Sugiura Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine Kochi Medical School Kohasu Oko-cho Nankoku-city Kochi783-8505 Japan Laboratory Department Beijing Tiantan Hos-pital Affiliated of Capital Medical University Beijing 100050China Department of Internal medicine Kanmon Medical Center 1-1-1 Ushiroda-cho Shimonoseki Yamaguchi 751-8501 Japan

AIm： To investigate genetic diversity of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylorl） cell division-related gene A （cdrA） and its effect on the host ***： Inactivation of H. py/ori cdrA, which is involved in ceil division and morphological elonga- tion, has a role in chronic persistent infections. Ge- netic property of H. pylori cdrA was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in 128 （77 American and 51 Japanese） clinical isolates obtained from 48 and 51 patients, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure in- terleukin-8 （IL-8） secretion with gastric biopsy speci- mens obtained from American patients colonized with cdrA-positive or -negative strains and AGS cells co- cultured with wild-type HPK5 （cdrA-positive） or its de- rivative HPKT510 （cdrA-disruptant）. Furthermore, the cytotoxin-associated gene A （cagA） status （transloca- tion and phosphorylation） and kinetics of transcription factors [nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-~：B） and inhibition kappa B] were investigated in AGS cells co-cultured with HPK5, HPKT510 and its derivative HPKSCA （cagA- disruptant） by western blotting analysis with immuno- precipitation. RESULTS： Genetic diversity of the H. pylori cdrA gene demonstrated that the cdrA status segregated into two categories including four allele types, cdrA-positive （al- lele types, I and 11 ） and cdrA-negative （allele types; 111 and IV） categories, respectively. Almost all Japanese isolates were cdrA-positive （ 1 ： 7.8% and 11 ： 90.2%）, whereas 16.9% of American isolates were cdrA-positive （11） and 83.1% were cdrA-negative （nl： 37.7% and IV： 45.5%）, indicating extended diversity of cdrA in individual American isolates. Comparison of each isolate from different regions （antrum and corpus） in the stomach of 29 Americans revealed that cdrA status was identical in both isolates from different regions in 17 cases. However, 12 cases had a different cdrA al- lele and 6 of them exhibited a different cdrA category between two re

关键词： Helicobacter pylori cell division-relatedgene A Genetic diversity Host immune response Interleukin-8 secretion Nuclear factor kappa .B Persis-tent infection

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Interleukin-17 levels in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa and pathologic sequelae of colonization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6305-6311页

作者： Tomokazu mizuno Takafumi Ando Kazuo Nobata Tomoyuki Tsuzuki Osamu maeda Osamu Watanabe masaaki minami Kenji Ina Kazuo Kusugami richard m. peek Hidemi Goto Department of Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology

AIm： To determine the role of interleukin （IL）-17 in gastric ulcerogenesis. mETHODS： Thirty-six gastric ulcer （GU） patients and 29 non-ulcer （NU） patients were enrolled in this study. mucosal biopsy samples were obtained from the gastric antrum and GU site during endoscopy. Samples were used in in situ stimulation for 48 h in the presence of 10 ug/mL phytohemagglutinin-P （PHA）, histological examination, and Helicobacter pylori（Hpylon） culture. IL-17 and IL-8 protein levels in culture supematants were assayed by ELISA. IL- 17 mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Hpylori cagA and vacA status was assessed by reverse hybridization using a line probe assay （UPA）. IL-8 levels in culture supematants were assayed after AGS cells were co-cultured with Hpylori strain 26 695 or recombinant human （rh） IL-17. RESULTS： All 36 GU patients and 15 of 29 NU patients were found to be Hpy/or/-positive, while 14 NU patients were Hpylori-nogative. All 51 H pylori strains from both GU and NU patients were cagA- and vacAsl/ml-positive. Antral mucosal tissues from H pylori-positive patients contained significantly （H pylori-positive NU patients： median 467 pg/mg/protein, range 53-2 499; Hpylori negative NU patients： median 104 pg/mg/protein, range 16-312, P〈0.0005） higher levels of IL-17 than those from uninfected patients. IL-17 levels at the ulcer site were significantly （ulcer site： median 1 356 pcj/mg/protein, range 121-1 3730; antrum： median 761 pg/mg/protein, range 24-7 620, P〈0.005） higher than those at distant sites in the antrum. Biopsies from H pylori-positive GU and NU patients showed IL-17 mRNA expression in all samples whereas those from the antrum of the Hpylori-negativecontrols showed no detectable expression. A significant correlation was seen between IL-17 and IL-8 levels at each biopsy site （ulcer： r = 0.62,P〈0.0001; antrum： r = 0.61, P〈0.0001） in GU patients. RhIL-17 and Hpylori strain 26 695 each stimulated IL-8 product

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gastric ulcer Histologicalgastritis Interleukin-17 Interleukin-8

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Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou richard Reynolds Anna m.Barron Chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

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Bound and Resonating multiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： Jean-marc richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université Claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark models for multiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and compare different methods for estimating the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： mihai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter richard m.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia Commonwealth University Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chemosensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on may 28,2022 to assess long-term *** pertaining to demographics,symptoms,comorbidities,treatments,and life impact was ***:Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 month,70%within 3 months,and 79%within 6 months,while 8.8%took over 1 year to completely *** all participants,7.5%had no smell *** predictors of recovery included agemale gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell ***:most subjects with COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction recover,with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosmia COVID-19 smell

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan mcClory richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina mayoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob macKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECm)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBmSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECm(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBmSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECm-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAm)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BmP-2)with the HBmSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECm)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期 865-878页

作者： megan L.SCHILL richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

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Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of emerging feedstocks and conversion methods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen m.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje Ramon Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jameel Ericka Ford Joel J.Pawlak richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing ***,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the *** the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(mmCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these *** a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for mmCFs to supple-ment other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of *** is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical *** North America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental ***,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessment

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp man-made cellulose fiber Apparel textile

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