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Artificial urinary sphincter:current status and future directions

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 154-157页

作者： Culley C carson Department of Urology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA

Urge urinary incontinence(UUI)is one of the most troublesome complications of surgery of the prostate whether for malignancy or benign *** many decades,there have been attempts to reduce the morbidity of this outcome with variable *** its development in the 1970s,the artificial urinary sphincter(AUS)has been the“gold standard”for treatment of the most severe cases of *** attempts including injectable bulking agents,previous sphincter designs,and slings have been developed,but largely abandoned because of poor long-term efficacy and significant *** AUS has had several sentinel redesigns since its first introduction to reduce erosion and infection and increase *** of these changes in the basic AUS design have occurred in the past three decades,and the AUS remains the same despite newer technology and materials that could improve its function and ***,newer compressive devices and slings to reposition the bladder neck for men with mildto-moderate UUI have been developed with success in select ***,the AUS has had applied antibiotic coating to all portions except the pressure-regulating balloon(PRB)to reduce infection *** basic AUS design,however,has not *** newer electronic technology,the concept of the electronic AUS or eAUS has been proposed and several possible iterations of this eAUS have been *** the eAUS is as yet not available,its development continues and a prototype device may be available *** design options are discussed in this review.

关键词： artificial sphincter bladder sling prostate sphincter urinary incontinence

All-hydrocarbon,all-conjugated cycloparaphenylene-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon host–guest complexes stabilized by CH–πinteractions

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5545-5555页

作者： Hyejin Kwon carson.J.Bruns Paul M.Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ColoradoBoulder427 UCB1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO 80309USA ATLAS Institute 112518th St.320 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are promising nanocarbon materials with diverse optoelectronic properties,yet they also pose concerning environmental and health *** the ubiquity of PAHs in the environment(crude oil,emissions,and biomass),most supermolecules rely on heteroatoms for *** discovered and characterized a family of all-hydrocarbon,all-π-conjugated[n]cycloparaphenylene-PAH host–guest *** built a theoretical framework to rapidly select these complexes and predict their stabilities,driven exclusively by CH–π*** than a dozen complexes were confirmed experimentally and assembled directly from commercially available *** motif offers a versatile way to combine the advantageous properties of organic semiconductors with the rich dynamic,stereochemical,stimulus-responsive,and stressdissipative behavior of host–guest complexes,while creating new opportunities for bespoke PAH separation or remediation materials.

关键词： cycloparaphenylenes density functional calculations host−guest systems hydrocarbons polycycles self-assembly supramolecular chemistry

Campylobacterjejuni in Musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： carson gill Simon Bahrndorff Carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity Musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) vector

Immune responses in fatalities involving opioids

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第2期4卷 195-198页

作者： Henry J.carson Linn County Medical Examiner’s Office Cedar RapidsIAUSA

In some cases of fatalities involving opioid use,the concentrations of detected opioids are not in the toxic *** reactions can be triggered by opioid use,suggesting that immune response may be a factor in these *** cases from 2002–2012 were *** with physical,microscopic or serum evidence of allergic reactions and opioid use at autopsy were compared to persons who used opioids but had no such ***,49 persons were identified who had used opioids,of which five had evidence of immune response.A medical history of asthma was significantly more common in persons with signs of immune response(P=0.0244)and fatality(P=0.0085)compared to normals.A history of asthma is suggestive of susceptibility to immunologic reactions to opioids,and correlates strongly with the cause of death.

关键词： Forensic medicine allergy drug analgesics opioid asthma drug overdose tryptases

Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 177-186,I0006页

作者： James A McBride Culley C carson Robert M Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine NC USA.

Testosterone supplementation therapy （TST） use has dramatically increased over the past decade, due to the availability of newer agents, aggressive marketing, and an increasing incidence of testosterone deficiency （TD）. Despite the increase in TST, a degree of ambiguity remains as to the exact diagnostic criteria of TD, and administration and monitoring of TST. One explanation for this phenomenon is the complex role testosterone plays in multiple physiologic pathways. Numerous medical co-morbidities and medications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms of TD. The diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum total testosterone level that reliably correlates with symptoms. This observation is particularly true in the aging male and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays. Several prominent medical societies have developed guideline statements to clarify the diagnosis, but they differ from each other and with expert opinion in several ways. Aside from diagnostic dilemmas, there are numerous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate. The available TST agents have changed significantly over the past decade similar to the trends in the diagnosis of TD. Therefore, as the usage of TST increases, clinicians will be challenged to maintain an up-to-date understanding of TD and TST. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and management of TD.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction hormones hypogonadism testosterone

Anatomical changes correlated with chronic pain in forensic medicine

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Forensic Sciences Research 2017年第3期2卷 145-151页

作者： Henry J carson Linn County Medical Examiner’s Office(retired) Cedar RapidsIAUSA

This study was performed to determine the relationships between chronic pain and anatomic changes that may occur in the *** were performed on fatalities that required death investigation in Linn County,IA,or adjacent and nearby *** with chronic pain were older than the control population at the time of ***,hypertension and depression were more common in persons with chronic *** causes of death may also have been related to chronic *** heart,lungs,liver,spleen and kidneys were significantly heavier in persons with chronic pain;emphysema and pleural and abdominal adhesions were more common in persons with chronic *** appear to have been diffuse changes in the body related to chronic *** changes may have been mediated by a number of systemic mechanisms that are involved with chronic pain,including cardiovascular activity,the immune system,the neuroendocrine system and others.

关键词： Forensic medicine pain,chronic depression emphysema adhesions tissue

Transfusion trigger:how low can you go?

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中国输血杂志 2012年第10期25卷 917-918页

作者： Jeffrey L.carson UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

Approximately 12 million red blood cell (RBC)200 cc units are transfused annually in the China and about 85 million RBC units ***,there is widespread variation in transfusion practice.1,2 The most likely reason is that there has been limited high quality evidence to guide *** recent years there has been publication of several important clinical trials that expand the data informing the transfusion decision.

关键词：输血触发红血细胞临床试验 RBC 单位

Disturbance history,species diversity,and structural complexity of a temperate deciduous forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 397-414页

作者： Jonathan D.goode carson R.Barefoot Justin L.Hart Daniel C.Dey Department of geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceColumbiaMO 65211USA

Stand structural complexity enhancement is an increasingly popular management objective,especially on public *** stand structures are hypothesized to support a relatively high degree of native forest diversity and be more resistant and resilient to *** structures are characterized by the presence of deadwood and heterogeneity of tree-size classes and tree *** little is known about how discrete disturbance events affect structural complexity and compositional diversity in Quercus-dominated stands at fine spatial scales(***).We established 200.05 ha fixed-radius plots on the Sipsey Wilderness of William *** National Forest in northern Alabama to quantify woody plant species composition and *** were mapped on each plot to quantify overstory structural complexity and compositional *** extracted two cores from all canopy Quercus spp.C 5 cm diameter at breast height to quantify age,recruitment pulses,and reconstruct canopy disturbance *** species diversity in the sampled area was 1.75 for trees,2.08 for saplings,and 1.69 for *** alba had the greatest basal area,and Ostrya virginiana had the highest *** stand exhibited a reverse J-shaped distribution with a q-factor of *** oldest Quercus dated to 1795,and the largest recruitment pulse occurred in the *** mean return interval for intermediateseverity disturbance was 38 *** we documented no relationships between disturbance frequency and compositional diversity at the neighborhood scale(0.05 ha),less frequent disturbance was associated with higher structural complexity(r^2=0.258,p=0.026)at the neighborhood *** suggest that localized disturbance increases species diversity and structural complexity,but these processes are manifest at the stand level and not at the neighborhood *** conclude that the spatial variability(***,shape,orientation,microsite conditions)is likel

关键词： Canopy gap Quercus(oak) Stand development Succession

Do ankle braces provide similar effects on ankle biomechanical variables in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability during landing?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第2期1卷 114-120页

作者： Songning Zhang Michael Wortley Julia Freedman Silvernail Daniel carson Maxime R.Paquette Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37934.USA Pellissippi State Community College KnoxvilleTN 37933USA Department of Kinesiology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37934USA

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a sport version of a semi-rigid ankle brace (ElementTM) and a soft ankle brace (ASO) on ankle biomechanics and ground reaction forces (gRFs) during a drop landing activity in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI)compared to healthy subjects with no history of ***:Ten healthy subjects and 10 subjects who had multiple ankle sprains participated in the study as the control and unstable subjects,*** CAI subjects were age,body mass index and gender matched with the control *** arch index and ankle functions of the subjects were measured in a subject screening *** the biomechanical test session,participants performed five trials of drop landing from 0.6 m,wearing no brace ( NB),ElementTM brace and ASO *** recording of three-dimensional kinematic (240 Hz)and gRF (1200 Hz) data were ***:The CAI subjects had lower ankle functional survey *** arch index and deformity results showed greater arch deformity of ElementTM against a static load than in NB and ASO due to greater initial arch position held by the *** participants had greater eversion velocity than healthy *** ASO brace reduced the first peak vertical gRF whereas ElementTM increased 2nd peak vertical *** brace reduced eversion range of motion (ROM) and peak eversion velocity compared to NB and *** addition,ElementTM reduced dorsiflexion ROM and increased peak plantarflexion moment compared to NB and ***:Results of static arch measurements and dynamic ankle motion suggest that the restrictions offered by both braces are in part due to more dorsiflexed ankle positions at contact,and higher initial arch position and stiffer ankle for ElementTM.

关键词： Drop landing Lateral ankle sprain Recurrent ankle sprain Semi-rigid ankle brace Soft ankle brace