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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 425-437页

作者： richard H.REE Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History

One application of DNA barcoding is species identification based on sequences of a short and standardized DNA *** plants,various DNA regions,alone or in combination,have been proposed and investigated,but consensus on a universal plant barcode remains *** this study,we tested the utility of four candidate barcoding regions(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)) as DNA barcodes for discriminating species in a large and hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis(Orobanchaceae).Amplification and sequencing was successful using single primer pairs for rbcL,trnH-psbA,and ITS,whereas two primer pairs were required for *** of sequence divergence commonly showed a "barcoding gap",that is,a bimodal frequency distribution of pairwise distances representing genetic diversity within and between species,*** primer universality,ease of amplification and sequencing,and performance in discriminating species,we found the most effective single-region barcode for Pedicularis to be ITS,and the most effective two-region barcode to be rbcL + *** discriminated at least 78% of the 88 species and correctly identified at least 89% of the sequences in our sample,and were effective in placing unidentified samples in known species *** results suggest that DNA barcoding has the potential to aid taxonomic research in Pedicularis,a species-rich cosmopolitan clade much in need of revision,as well as ecological studies in its center of diversity,the Hengduan Mountains region of China.

关键词： DNA barcode Hengduan Mountains region ITS Pedicularis rbcL species identification.

Characterization of mudrocks:a practical application of advanced laboratory testing

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第1期12卷 1-14页

作者： richard J.JARDINE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London

An integrated approach to geomaterial characterization is advocated that combines geology, in-situ testing, fabric studies, routine index experiments and advanced laboratory testing. It is shown that advanced laboratory testing can explore features such as kinematic yielding and anisotropy in stiffness or shear strength that would otherwise be impossible to quantify. A detailed study performed in London clay at the new Heathrow Terminal 5 site is used to illustrate the arguments made. It is shown that the London clay has strong anisotropy in stiffness, is highly non-linear over the strain range of engineering interest, has markedly anisotropic shear strength characteristics and exhibits a pronounced degree of brittleness. These features can impact significantly on the practical design and analysis of civil engineering works including shallow and deep foundations, tunnels and excavations, and the stability of slopes.

关键词： Mudrock Fabric Anisotropy Hollow cylinder tests

Lab experiments on the innovative rapid thick strip casting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第5期19卷 391-398页

作者： richard Nagy Dieter Senk Department of Ferrous Metallurgy IEHK RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52056Germany

Rapid thick strip casting （RTSC） by Anton Hulek, Inventmetall, is an innovative concept for the production of hot strips with a final as-cast thickness of about 25 mm before rolling. The innovation of the mechanism consists in a vertical mould performing a caterpillar motion. This moving mould has an unconventional parallelogram-shaped cross-section. The conventional rectangular shape is formed in the shaping machine, which is placed straight below the mould. Further elements of the technology are state-of-the-art. For the investigation of this new casting system theoretical calculations were complemented with practical experiments. The investigation focused mainly on two key aspects： the characteristics of the mould and the shaping process. For the practical analysis a static mould with three pairs of elements in laboratory scale was developed and commissioned by the Dept. of Ferrous Metallurgy @ RWTH Aachen University. The shaping experiments were carried out in model scale with two different materials and in variable boundary conditions. The results of these experiments delivered important mechanical as well as thermal informations about the casting system.

关键词： continuous casting rapid solidification strip metal moulds near-net-shape casting

Critical questions in development of targeted nanoparticle therapeutics

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 143-147页

作者： richard Korsmeyer Pharmaceutical Sciences Pfizer Worldwide R&DGrotonCT 06340USA

One of the fourteen Grand Challenges for Engineering articulated by the US National Academy of Engineering is‘Engineer Better Medicines’.Although there are many ways that better medicines could be engineered,one of the most promising ideas is to improve our ability to deliver the therapeutic molecule more precisely to the desired *** conventional drug delivery methods(oral absorption,intravenous infusion etc.)result in systemic exposure to the therapeutic molecule,which places severe constraints on the types of molecules that can be used.A molecule administered by systemic delivery must be effective at low concentrations in the target tissue,yet safe everywhere else in the *** drug carriers could be developed to deliver therapeutic molecules selectively to the desired target,it should be possible to greatly improve safety and efficacy of ***(and related nanostructures,such as liposomes,nanoemulsions,micelles and dendrimers)are an attractive drug carrier concept because they can be made from a variety of materials engineered to have properties that allow loading and precise delivery of bound therapeutic *** field of targeted nanoparticles has been extraordinarily active in the academic realm,with thousands of articles published over the last few *** of these publications seem to demonstrate very promising results in in vitro studies and even in animal *** addition,a handful of human clinical trials are in ***,the biopharmaceutical industry has been relatively slow to make major investments in targeted nanoparticle development programs,despite a clear desire to introduce innovative new therapies to the *** is the reason for such caution?Some degree of caution is no doubt due to the use of novel materials and the unproven nature of targeted nanoparticle technology,but many other unproven technologies have generated intense interest at various *** believe that the major barrier to the exploration

关键词： nanoparticles targeting biodistribution manufacturing

Dagupan River Basin Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings Extracted from LiDAR Derived Datasets

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 454-479页

作者： Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto Jo Adrianne A. espiritu Kathrina Mapanao Institute for Climate Change and Environmental Management Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241 oz Philippines

The Philippines has a geographical and geological setting of a typhoon-prone country. Tropical cyclones have a high incidence of passing through the Philippine islands during the months of September to November with an average time overland at 11 hours north of 14.5° contrasted to 20 hours south of 14.5°. Due to the frequent occurrence of typhoons and tropical cyclones in this country, most of the provinces of the Philippines experience flood-related disasters that affect the people, their livelihood and many infrastructures. It is deemed necessary for the Philippines to come up with strategies to prevent further damage to its people and their properties. In this study, through the use of important parameters such as earth observations, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Geographic Information System (GIS), assessment of buildings in Dagupan, the Philippines with the possibility of being affected by floods during different typhoon scenarios was done. GIS overlay analysis of the CLSU Phil-LiDAR 1 Project outputs, the 3D building GIS database, and flood hazard maps was done for the assessment. One (1) meter resolution LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), geo-tagged video captured data and high-resolution images in Google Earth were used for processing and analysis to produce a 3D building GIS database. HEC HMS and HEC RAS were used to develop flood models that were used to produce flood hazard maps with different hazard levels. The results of this study were the series of flood exposure maps and vulnerability maps with statistics at different rainfall scenarios. Moreover, the buildings that will be affected by flood in the area were quantified and these were categorized according to their type. It was observed that as the rainfall return period increases, the number of buildings predicted to be exposed and vulnerable to flood also increases. The houses, business establis

关键词： Geographic Information System Flood Database Extraction Hazard

Direct molecular-level near-field plasmon and temperature assessment in a single plasmonic hotspot

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1673-1685页

作者： Marie richard-Lacroix Volker Deckert Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology(IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9D-07745 JenaGermany Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics University of JenaHelmholtzweg 4D-07743 JenaGermany

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)is currently widely recognized as an essential but still emergent technique for exploring the ***,our lack of comprehension of crucial parameters still limits its potential as a user-friendly analytical *** tip’s surface plasmon resonance,heating due to near-field temperature rise,and spatial resolution are undoubtedly three challenging experimental parameters to ***,they are also the most fundamentally relevant parameters to explore,because they ultimately influence the state of the investigated molecule and consequently the probed *** we propose a straightforward and purely experimental method to access quantitative information of the plasmon resonance and near-field temperature experienced exclusively by the molecules directly contributing to the TERS *** detailed near-field optical response,both at the molecular level and as a function of time,is evaluated using standard TERS experimental equipment by simultaneously probing the Stokes and anti-Stokes spectral ***-assembled 16-mercaptohexadodecanoic acid monolayers covalently bond to an ultra-flat gold surface were used as a *** of blinking lines in the spectra also provides crucial information on the lateral resolution and indication of atomic-scale thermally induced morphological changes of the tip during the *** study provides access to unprecedented molecular-level information on physical parameters that crucially affect experiments under TERS *** study thereby improves the usability of TERS in day-to-day *** obtained information is of central importance for any experimental plasmonic investigation and for the application of TERS in the field of nanoscale thermometry.

关键词： straight purely thereby

Biomarker and animal models for assessment of retinoid efficacy in cancer chemoprevention

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1383-1391页

作者： richard M NILES Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Joan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25701USA

Vitamin A is essential for normal growth and *** andlaboratory studies suggest that decreased vitamin A levels and defective metabo-lism/action may contribute to the genesis of certain *** on thisinformation,natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A (retinoids) have beenused for chemoprevention of *** have had some success in thechemoprevention of leukoplakia and in the decreased incidence of second prima-ries in head and neck *** is little information on biomarkers that can beused to assess the efficacy of the chemopreventive activity of *** of retinoids to induce RARb has been consistently shown to correlate withthe response of cells and tissues to retinoic acid,but few other biomarkers havebeen certified as indicators of retinoid *** light of the failure of the ATBCand CARET clinical intervention trials for chemoprevention of lung cancer,greateruse of animal models for chemoprevention studies is *** potentialcombination of phytochemicals that inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity withretinoids holds promise for more effective chemoprevention of retinoid-unrespon-sive premalignant lesions.

关键词： vitamin A retinoic acid chemoprevention biomarkers animal models transgenic animals

InN/InGaN quantum dot electrochemical devices:new solutions for energy and health

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National Science Review 2017年第2期4卷 184-195页

作者： richard Ntzel South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università di Milano-Bicocca

A review is given of the exceptional electrochemical performance of epitaxial InN/InGaN quantum dots(QDs) as photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen generation by water spliting, as biosensor transducers and as anion-selective electrodes, and they are also evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes. he performance is benchmarked against the best performances of other reported materials and nanostructures. A model based on the unique interplay of surface and quantum properties is put forward to understand the boost of catalytic activity and anion selectivity interlinking quantum nanostructure physics with electrochemistry and catalysis. Of equal impact is the direct growth on cheap Si substrates without any bufer layers, allowing novel device designs and integration with Si technology. his makes the InN/InGaN QDs viable, opening up new application ields for Ⅲ-nitride semiconductors.

关键词： quantum dot solar hydrogen biosensor ion-selective electrode supercapacitor InN InGaN

Recent progress in the genetics of generalized vitiligo

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第7期38卷 271-278页

作者： richard A.Spritz Human Medical Genetics Program University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO 80045USA Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

Vitiligo is an acquired disease characterized principally by patchy depigmentation of skin and overlying hair. Generalized vitiligo （GV）, the predominant form of the disorder, results from autoimmune loss of melanocytes from affected regions. GV is a ＂complex trait＂, inherited in a non-Mendelian polygenic, multifactorial manner. GV is epidemiologically associated with other autoimmune diseases, both in GV patients and in their close relatives, suggesting that shared genes underlie susceptibility to this group of diseases. Early candidate gene association studies yielded a few successes, such as PTPN22, but most such reports now appear to be false-positives. Subsequent genomewide linkage studies identified NLRP1 and XBP1, apparent true GV susceptibility genes involved in immune regulation, and recent genome-wide association studies （GWAS） of GV in Caucasian and Chinese populations have yielded a large number of additional validated GV susceptibility genes. Together, these genes highlight biological systems and pathways that reach from the immune cells to the melanocyte, and provide insights into both disease pathogenesis and potential new targets for both treatment and even prevention of GV and other autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible individuals.

关键词： Vitiligo Autoimmune disease Gene Association Linkage

The low_n and low_m r. e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第6期47卷 950-956页

作者： richard A.Shore Department of Mathemalics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USAockusch Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > 1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies Shore and Slaman to show that the Lown and Lowm r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > m > 1.

Jockusch, Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n>1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies, Shore and Slaman to show that the Lown and Lowm r... 详细信息

关键词： recursively enumerable computably enumerable Turing degrees jump classes