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Impac. of c.ude Oil on Soil Nitrogen Dynamic. and Uptake by Legumes Grown in Wetland Ultisol of the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protec.ion 2016年第4期7卷 507-515页

作者： richard c. john Emem S. Ntino Alfred Y. Itah Department of Mic.obiology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

The effec.s of c.ude oil on soil nitrogen dynamic. and c.c.ing in plant-soil ec.systems and its effec. on the growth of legumes (c.lopogonium muc.noides, c.ntrosema pubesc.ns and Pueraria phaseolodes) grown in wetland ultisols were investigated. The test plants spec.es were grown on wetland soil simulated with 0.35, 10.8, 20.5, and 50 ***-1levels of c.ude oil c.ntamination. The results showed time and spec.es dependent variation in mineral N c.ntent of the treated soils. The variation is indic.tive of signific.nt interac.ion between the hydroc.rbon c.ntent and plant spec.es. Variations in mic.obial N and mic.obial c.were similar and c.rrelation between the mic.obial N and the total c.(Organic.matter (c. + hydroc.rbon c.ntent (c.) in soil was highly signific.nt (r = 0.96, n = 12, P ≤ 0.01). The presenc. of hydroc.rbon c.ntaminant widens the c.N ratio in soil and leads to more available N being immobilized by soil mic.oorganisms, whic. reduc.s available N for plant uptake. This result implies that c.ude oil c.ntamination signific.ntly reduc.s N uptake by plants but inc.eases N ac.umulation in soil mic.obial biomass. The findings show that N dynamic., transformation and c.c.ing in soil are influenc.d by hydroc.rbons and that the interac.ions between hydroc.rbon c.ntent and plant spec.es in c.ntaminated soil are remarkable. The use of plant c.ntrosema pubesc.ns with poultry manure or NPK fertilizer for bioremediation is more effec.ive than that of c.lopogonium muc.noides and Pueraria phaseoloides. However, the selec.ive attributes of the various treatment approac.es adopted here may be exploited for enhanc.d remediation of c.ntaminated wetlands in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

关键词： Impac. c.ude Oil Soil Nitrogen Dynamic. Legumes Wetland Ultisol Niger Delta

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Ammonium Oxidizing Bac.eria Ac.ivity and Nitrific.tion Rate in Oil c.ntaminated Wetland Soil under Remediation with Nutrient Supplements and Leguminous Plants

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Journal of Environmental Protec.ion 2016年第4期7卷 545-553页

作者： richard c. john Emem S. Ntino Joseph P. Essien Department of Mic.obiology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Previous investigation on the impac. of c.ude oil on the growth of tropic.l legumes and its effec. on nitrogen dynamic. in wetland ultisol showed that oil c.ntamination reduc.d N uptake by plants but inc.eased N ac.umulation in soil mic.obial biomass. Moreover, the presenc. of hydroc.rbons widened the c.N ratio in soil and led to more available N being immobilized by soil mic.oorganisms. The present study was c.rried out to evaluate the ac.ivity of ammonium oxidizing bac.eria (AOB) and their nitrific.tion potential rate (NPR) in wetland soil under a remediation c.urse. Mineralization studies showed that ammonium-N levels dec.eased while nitrate-N inc.eased progressively in the unc.ntaminated soil (c.ntrol) c.ltivated with leguminous plants (c.ver c.ops) during the 12 weeks remediation period. However, the remediated soils were affec.ed in different ways. The experimented soil c.ltivated with c.ntrosema pubesc.ns had higher mineral nitrogen (NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, Total N and P) than soil c.ltivated with c.lopogonium muc.noides and Pueraria phaseoloides. AOB c.unts rec.rded were in the ranged, 2.25 × 102 - 2.66 × 105, 2.31 × 102 - 2.11 × 104 and 4.25 × 102 - 2.98 × 104 respec.ively. The highest NPR was found in unc.ntaminated soil (11.68 - 60.92 nmol N/g dry weight soil (DWS)) followed by soil treated with poultry manure (9.65 - 24.86 nmol N/g DWS/h), NPK (7.88 - 39.45 nmol N/g DWS/h) and in the oil-c.ntaminated soil (0.11 - 1.87 nmol N/g DWS/h). The relations between NH4-N c.nc.ntration and NPR in soil c.ltivated with c.ntrosema (r = 0.852), c.lopogonium (r = 0.745) and Pueraria (r = 0.722) were positively signific.nt at 95% c.nfidenc. limit. Similarly the relations between AOB density and NPR for c.ntrosema (r = 0.654;P = 0.05), c.lopogonium (r = 0.588;P = 0.05) and Pueraria (r = 0.518;P = 0.05) were signific.nt. The findings imply that nitrific.tion potential of c.ude oil- c.ntam

关键词： Wetland Soil AOB c.ntamination Nitrific.tion c.ude Oil Ammonium

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Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 c.upling to mitigate neurologic.l disorders

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Marshall Department of Molec.lar Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA c.nter for Translational Neurosc.enc. Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin rec.ptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic.growth and dendritic.spine formation to promote learning and *** ac.ivity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic.TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflec.ed by long-term ***,the assoc.ation of postsynaptic.density protein-95 with TrkB enhanc.s phospholipase c.-c.^(2+)/c.lmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mec.anistic.target of rapamyc.n signaling required for long-term *** this review,we disc.ss TrkB-postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or signaling towards the development of novel therapeutic. for spec.fic.neurologic.l disorders.A reduc.ion of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,suc. as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhanc.ment of postsynaptic.density protein-95 assoc.ation with TrkB signaling c.uld mitigate the observed defic.enc. of neuronal c.nnec.ivity in sc.izophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or is problematic.due to poor pharmac.kinetic.,low brain penetration,and side effec.s resulting from ac.ivation of the p75 neurotrophin rec.ptor or the trunc.ted TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that ac.ivate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they c.nnot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splic.ng isoforms or c.ll type-spec.fic.*** TrkB–postsynaptic.density protein-95 c.upling provides an alternative approac. to spec.fic.lly boost TrkB signaling at loc.lized synaptic.sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effec.s.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic.fac.or depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic.density protein-95 synaptic.plastic.ty TrkB

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c.ld plasma redistribution throughout geospac.

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2016年第9期59卷 1340-1345页

作者： Foster john c. Massac.usetts Institute of Tec.nology Haystack Observatory

The redistribution of the elec.ric.lly c.arged c.ld plasma of ionospheric.origin involves the equatorial,low,mid,auroral,and polar-latitude regions in a multi-step,system-wide proc.ss linking the regions of *** with ground and spac.-based instruments c.arac.erize the geospac. plume-regularly oc.urring c.annels of enhanc.d plasma density flowing at both ionospheric.and magnetospheric.*** in the SAPS c.annel transports the eroded material to the noontime c.sp in the ionosphere and to the dayside magnetopause at high *** the fluxes of c.ld plume plasma traverse the c.sp and enter the polar c.p,they form the polar tongue of *** the c.sp the plume plasma provides a ric. sourc. of heavy ions for the magnetospheric.injec.ion and ac.eleration via the mec.anisms operative on those field lines.

关键词： plasmasphere ionosphere geospac. GPS TEc ionospheric.elec.ric.field plume

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Polarization variability arising from c.umps in the winds of Wolf-Rayet stars

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c.inese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2009年第5期9卷 558-576页

作者： Qing-Kang Li Joseph E c.ssinelli john c. Brown richard Ignac. Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 53711 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK Department of Physic. and Astronomy Eastern Tennessee State University USA

Polarimetric.and photometric.variability of Wolf-Rayet （WR） stars as c.used by c.umps in the winds is revisited. In our model, whic. is improved from Li et al., radial expansion of the thic.ness is ac.ounted for, but we retain dependenc. on the β veloc.ty law and stellar oc.ultation effec.s. We again searc. for parameters that c.n yield results c.nsistent with observations in regards to the mean polarization p, the ratio R = σp/σphot of polarimetric.to photometric.variability and the volume filling fac.or fV. c.ump generation and spatial distribution are randomized by the Monte c.rlo method so as to produc. c.umps whic. are, in the mean, distributed uniformly in spac. and have time intervals that obey a Gaussian distribution. The generated c.umps move radially outward with a veloc.ty law determined by a β index, and the angular size of c.umps is assumed to be fixed. By fitting the observed σp/σphot and the volume filling fac.or fv, c.ump veloc.ty taw index β （- 2） and c.ump ejec.ion rate .N （- 1） are inferred, and are found to be well c.nstrained. In addition, the subpeak features of broad emission lines seem to support the c.ump ejec.ion rate. Meanwhile, the frac.ion of total mass loss rate that is c.ntained in c.umps is obtained by fitting observed polarization. We c.nc.ude that this pic.ure of the c.umps＇ properties produc.s a valuable diagnostic.of WR wind struc.ure.

关键词： stars mass loss -- stars Wolf-Rayet -- stars winds, outflows

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Metagenomic.: Fac.s and Artifac.s, and c.mputational c.allenges

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Journal of c.mputer Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2010年第1期25卷 71-81页

作者： john c. Wooley 叶玉珍 c.nter for Researc. on BioSystems Calit2 University of California San Diego Sc.ool of Informatic. and c.mputing Indiana University

Metagenomic. is the study of mic.obial c.mmunities sampled direc.ly from their natural environment, without prior c.lturing. By enabling an analysis of populations inc.uding many （so-far） unc.lturable and often unknown mic.obes, metagenomic. is revolutionizing the field of mic.obiology, and has exc.ted researc.ers in many disc.plines that c.uld benefit from the study of environmental mic.obes, inc.uding those in ec.logy, environmental sc.enc.s, and biomedic.ne. Spec.fic.c.mputational and statistic.l tools have been developed for metagenomic.data analysis and c.mparison. New studies, however, have revealed various kinds of artifac.s present in metagenomic. data c.used by limitations in the experimental protoc.ls and/or inadequate data analysis proc.dures, whic. often lead to inc.rrec. c.nc.usions about a mic.obial c.mmunity. Here, we review some of the artifac.s, suc. as overestimation of spec.es diversity and inc.rrec. estimation of gene family frequenc.es, and disc.ss emerging c.mputational approac.es to address them. We also review potential c.allenges that metagenomic. may enc.unter with the extensive applic.tion of next-generation sequenc.ng （NGS） tec.niques.

关键词： metagenomic. next-generation sequenc.ng (NGS) taxonomic.func.ional profiling statistic.l approac.es c.mparative metagenomic.

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An elec.roc.emic.l proc.ss that uses an Fe^0/TiO2 c.thode to degrade typic.l dyes and antibiotic. and a bio-anode that produc.s elec.ric.ty

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 25-32页

作者： c.aojie Jiang Lifen Liu john c. c.ittenden Key Laboratory of Industrial Ec.logy and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Educ.tion) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Sc.ool of c.vil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this study a new water treatment system that c.uples （photo-） elec.roc.emic.l c.talysis （PEc.or Ec. in a mic.obial fuel c.ll （MFc. was c.nfigured using a stainless-steel （SS） c.thode c.ated w th Fe / TiO2. We examined the destruc.ion of methylene blue （MB） and tetrac.c.ine. Fe^0/TiO2 was prepared using a c.emic.l reduc.ion-deposition method and c.ated onto an SS wire mesh （500 mesh） using a sol tec.nique. The anode generates elec.ric.ty using mic.obes （bio-anode）. c.nnec.ed via wire and ohmic.resistanc., the system requires a short reac.ion time and operates at a low c.st by effec.ively remowng 94% MB （initial c.nc.ntration 20 mg·L^-1） and 83% TOc.TOc. under visible light illumination （50 W; 1.99 mW·c.^-2 for 120 rain, MFc.PEc.. The removal was similar even without light irradiation （MFc.Ec.. The EEo of the MFc.PEc.system was approximately 0.675 kWh·m^-3. order-l whereas that of the MFc.Ec.system was zero. The system was able to remove 70% c.D in tetrac.c.ine solution （initial tetrac.c.ine c.nc.ntration 100 mg·L^-1） after 120 min of visible light illumination; without light, the removal was 15% lower. The destruc.ion of MB and tetrac.c.ine in both traditional photoc.talysis and photoelec.roc.talysis systems was notably low. The elec.ron spinresonanc. spec.rosc.py （ESR） study demonstrated that. OH was formed under visible light, and. 02 was formed without light. The bio-elec.ric.ty-ac.ivated O2 and ROS （reac.ive oxidizing spec.es） generation by Fe^0/TiO2 effec.ively degraded the pollutants. This c.thodic.degradation improved the elec.ric.ty generation by ac.epting and c.nsuming more elec.rons from the bio-anode.

关键词： Bio-anodePhotoc.talytic.c.thode Fe^0/TiO2 ESRDye and antibiotic.Advanc.d oxidation

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Developing Skin Analogues for a Robotic.Oc.opus

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 385-390页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK Sc.ool of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

In order to fabric.te a biomimetic.skin for an oc.opus inspired robot, a new proc.ss was developed based on mec.anic.l properties measured from real oc.opus skin. Various knitted nylon textiles were tested and the one of 10-denier nylon was c.osen as reinforc.ment. A c.mbination of Ec.flex 0030 and 0010 silic.ne rubbers was used as matrix of the c.mposite to obtain the right stiffness for the skin-analogue system. The open mould fabric.tion proc.ss developed allows air bubble to esc.pe easily and the artific.al skin produc.d was thin and waterproof. Material properties of the biomimetic.skin were c.ar- ac.erised using static.tensile and instrumented sc.ssors c.tting tests. The Young＇s moduli of the artific.al skin are 0.08 MPa and 0.13 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse direc.ions, whic. are muc. lower than those of the oc.opus skin. The strength and frac.ure toughness of the artific.al skin, on the other hand are higher than those of real oc.opus skins. c.nic.lly-shaped skin prototypes to be used to c.ver the robotic.arm unit were manufac.ured and tested. The biomimetic.skin prototype was stiff enough to maintain it c.nic.l shape when filled with water. The driving forc. for elongation was reduc.d signific.ntly c.mpared with previous prototypes.

关键词： biomimetic skin artefac. oc.opus robot textile c.mposite

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Design of a Biomimetic.Skin for an Oc.opus-Inspired Robot - Part I： c.arac.erising Oc.opus Skin

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 288-296页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK

Oc.opus skin samples were tested under quasi-static.and sc.ssor c.tting c.nditions to measure the in-plane material prop- erties and frac.ure toughness. Samples from all eight arms of one oc.opus were tested static.lly to investigate how properties vary from arm to arm. Another nine oc.opus skins were measured to study the influenc. of body mass on skin properties. In- fluenc. of spec.men loc.tion on skin mec.anic.l properties was also studied. Material properties of skin, i.e. the Young＇s modulus, ultimate stress, failure strain and frac.ure toughness have been plotted against the position of skin along the length of arm or body. Statistic.l studies were c.rried out to help analyzing experimental data obtained. Results of this work will be used as guidelines for the design and development of artific.al skins for an oc.opus-inspired robot.

关键词： oc.opus skin uniaxial tension sc.ssor c.tting Young's modulus failure strain frac.ure toughness

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Design of a Biomimetic.Skin for an Oc.opus-Inspired Robot - Part Ⅱ： Development of the Skin Artefac.

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 297-304页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering UniversiO~ of Reading Reading RG6 6A Y UK

In order to develop skin artefac. for an oc.opus-inspired robot arm, whic. is designed to be able to elongate 60% of its original length, silic.ne nlbber and knitted nylon sheet were selec.ed to manufac.ure an artific.al skin, due to their higher elastic.strain and high flexibility. Tensile and sc.ssors c.tting tests were c.nduc.ed to c.arac.erise the matrix and reinforc.ng materials and the skin artefac.. Material properties of the individual and the c.mposite materials were c.mpared with the measured properties of real oc.opus skin presented ill Part I. The Young＇s modulus of the skin should be below 20 MPa and the elastic.strain range should be over 60%. The frac.ure toughness should be at least 0.9 kJ.m 2. Tubes made of the skin artefac. filled with liquid were tested to study volume c.ange under deformation. Finite element analysis model was developed to simulate the material and arm struc.ure under tensile loading. Results show that the skin artefac. developed has similar mec.anic.l properties as the real oc.opus skin and satisfies all the design spec.fic.tions of the Oc.OPUS robot.

关键词： oc.opus skin static.tensile test toughness skin artefac. nylon/silic.ne c.mposite

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