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Identifying female phenotypes that promote behavioral isolation in a sexually dimorphic species of fish Etheostoma zonale

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 225-236页

作者： Natalie S.roberts Tamra C.MENDELSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA

In sexually dimorphic species characterized by exaggerated male ornamentation,behavioral isola-tion is often attributed to female preferences for conspecific male ***,in a number of sexu-ally dimorphic species,male mate choice also results in behavioral *** many of these cases,the female traits that mediate species boundaries are *** in sexually dimorphic species typically lack many of the elaborate traits that are present in males and that are often used for taxonomic classification of *** a diverse and largely sexually dimorphic group of fishes called darters(Percidae:Etheostoma),male mate choice contributes to behavioral isolation be-tween a number of species;however,studies addressing which female traits males prefer are *** this study,we identified the dominant female pattern for two sympatric species,Etheostoma zonale and Etheostoma barrenense,using pattern energy analysis,and we used discriminate func-tion analysis to identify which aspects of female patterning can reliably classify *** then tested the role of female features in male mate choice for ***,by measuring male preference for computer animations displaying the identified(species specific)conspecific *** found that the region above the lateral line is important in mediating male mate preferences,with males spending a significantly greater proportion of time with animations exhibiting conspecific female patterning in this region than with animations exhibiting heterospecific female *** results suggest that the aspects of female phenotypes that are the target of male mate choice are different from the conspicuous male phenotypes that traditionally characterize species.

关键词： darters discriminant function analysis Etheostoma female phenotype male mate choice 3D animations

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Detecting subtle yet fast skeletal muscle contractions with ultrasoft and durable graphene-based cellular materials

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 105-115页

作者： Zijun He Zheng Qi Huichao Liu Kangyan Wang Leslie roberts Jefferson Z.Liu Yilun Liu Stephen J.Wang Mark J.Cook George P.Simon Ling Qiu Dan Li Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Neurophysiology Department Department of Neurology and Neurological ResearchSt Vincent's Hospital Department of Medicine St.Vincent's HospitalUniversity of Melbourne Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Melbourne Department of Design Monash University School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua University

Human bodily movements are primarily controlled by the contractions of skeletal muscles. Unlike joint or skeletal movements that are generally performed in the large displacement range, the contractions of the skeletal muscles that underpin these movements are subtle in intensity yet high in frequency. This subtlety of movement makes it a formidable challenge to develop wearable and durable so?t materials to electrically monitor such motions with high fidelity for the purpose of, for example, muscle/neuromuscular disease diagnosis. Here we report that an intrinsically fragile ultralow-density graphene-based cellular monolith sandwiched between silicone rubbers can exhibit a highly effective stress and strain transfer mechanism at its interface with the rubber, with a remarkable improvement in stretchability(>100%). In particular, this hybrid also exhibits a highly sensitive, broadband-frequency electrical response(up to 180 Hz) for a wide range of strains. By correlating the mechanical signal of muscle movements obtained from this hybrid material with electromyography, we demonstrate that the strain sensor based on this hybrid material may provide a new, so?t and wearable mechanomyography approach for real-time monitoring of complex neuromuscular–skeletal interactions in a broad range of healthcare and human–machine interface applications. This work also provides a new architecture-enabled functional so?t material platform for wearable electronics.

关键词： cellular graphene strain sensors high-frequency electromechanical property surface mechanomyography skeletal muscle activity

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Periurethral abscess etiology,risk factors,treatment options,and outcomes:A systematic review

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当代泌尿学（英文） 2023年第2期17卷 100-108页

作者： Arsalan Tariq Adam G.Stewart Devang J.Desai Sumudu Britton Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew J.roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Clinical Research The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Toowoomba Base HospitalToowoombaQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Clinical Research The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objectives:This study aimed to describe patterns of presentation,etiology,risk factors,management,and treatment outcomes of periurethral abscesses using a systematic review framework.Materials and methods:After prospective registration on the PROSPERO database(CRD42020193063),a systematic review of Web of Science,Embase,PubMed,and Cochrane scientific databases was *** published between 1900 and 2021 were *** data included symptoms,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** data were analyzed using univariate methods.Results:Sixty articles met the inclusion criteria reporting on 270 patients(211 male,59 female)with periurethral *** most common clinical features were pain(41.5％),pyuria(41.5％),dysuria(38.5％),urinary frequency(32.3％),fever(25％),and a palpable mass(23％).Predisposing risk factors included the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or urinary tract infection(55.0％),urethral strictures(39.6％),and recent urethral instrumentation(18.7％).Management approaches included open incision and drainage(64.3％),conservative management with antibiotics(29.8％),and minimally invasive techniques(needle aspiration,endoscopic drainage).Time trend analysis of etiology revealed a decreased incidence of infection(sexually transmitted infection/urinary tract infection,human immu-nodeficiency virus)and higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and periurethral bulking injections in recent years.Conclusions:Periurethral abscesses may display a wide range of clinical ***,risk factors and underlying etiology vary with *** optimal management technique is guided by abscess *** incision and drainage combined with antibiotics continues to be the mainstay of ***,minimally invasive techniques are gaining *** the authors'knowledge,this is the first systematic appraisal and management algorithm for periurethral abscess.

关键词： Periurethral abscess Sexually transmitted infection Urethritis Urinary tract infection

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Macronutrients and Health—Steps to Ameliorating the Nutrition Transition Trap

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 124-129页

作者： D. C. K. roberts School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Countries that have made the health transition from a communicable disease base to a non communicable disease base find themselves gripped in an epidemic of wealth created diseases mediated by altered macronutrient intakes, energy intakes and reduction in physical activity. Avoiding the negative impact of the nutrition transition while accepting the positive aspects of the wealth transition can best be achieved by focussing on publicising the benefits of a low fat diet in the context of an active lifestyle. How this is achieved should reflect ecologically sound food production appropriate to national needs. Countries that achieve this will be in the best position to capitalize on the reduction in communicable disease rates without causing a rise in non communicable disease rates.

关键词： FISCAL FOOD POLICY DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES OBESITY DISEASE DIET

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Plant Growth Promoting Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes of Tall Fescue: A Review

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Grass Research 2022年第1期2卷 14-19页

作者： Elizabeth Lewis roberts Southern Connecticut State University New Haven Connecticut06515USA

Plant growth promoting bacteria(PGPB)directly and indirectly influence the fitness of their host *** much of the work on plant growth promoting bacteria is from various plant rhizospheres,less is known about the strains that inhabit the internal spaces of plant ***,Clavicipitalean fungal endophytes of cool season grasses have been intensely investigated for the past few *** plant growth promoting bacteria,the fungal endophytes also promote the health of their *** paper highlights the current knowledge of plant growth promoting bacterial and fungal endophytes of tall fescue(Lolium arundinaceum=Schedonorus arundinaceaus=Festuca arundinacea)which protect the plant from both abiotic and biotic *** of the work presented indicates just how little is known about the inter-relationships between the multiple endophytic microbial colonizers of turf grasses.

关键词： donor intense spaces

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Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosis confers survival advantage irrespective of tumour stage and characteristics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 1996-2007页

作者： Moath Alarabiyat Syed Soulat Raza John Isaac Darius Mirza Ravi Marudanayagam Keith roberts Manuel Abradelo David C Bartlett Bobby V Dasari Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias HPB and Liver Transplant Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC)represents 50%-60%of gallbladder cancer *** are conflicting on the role of IGBC diagnosis in oncological *** studies suggest that IGBC diagnosis does not affect outcomes,while others that overall survival(OS)is longer in these cases compared to non-incidental diagnosis(NIGBC).Furthermore,some studies reported early tumour stages and histopathologic characteristics as possible confounders,while others *** To investigate the role of IGBC diagnosis on patients’overall survival,especially after surgical treatment with curative *** Retrospective analysis of all patient referrals with gallbladder cancer between 2008 and 2020 in a tertiary hepatobiliary *** comparison of patient and tumour characteristics between IGBC and NIGBC subgroups was *** analysis for the whole cohort,surgical and non-surgical subgroups was done with the Kaplan-Meier method and the use of log rank *** analysis was performed with univariable and multivariable Cox regression *** The cohort included 261 patients with gallbladder cancer.65%of cases had NIGBC and 35%had IGBC.A total of 90 patients received surgical treatment(66%of IGBC cases and 19%of NIGBC cases).NIGBC patients had more advanced T stage and required more extensive resections than IGBC *** was longer in patients with IGBC in the whole cohort(29 vs 4 mo,P<0.001),as well as in the non-surgical(14 vs 2 mo,P<0.001)and surgical subgroups(29 vs 16.5 mo,P=0.001).Disease free survival(DFS)after surgery was longer in patients with IGBC(21.5 mo vs 8.5 mo,P=0.007).N stage and resection margin status were identified as independent predictors of OS and *** diagnosis was identified as an independent predictor of *** IGBC diagnosis may confer a survival advantage independently of the pathological stage and tumour *** studies are required to further investigate this,including detailed

关键词： Gallbladder cancer Incidental gallbladder cancer Non-incidental gallbladder cancer Gallbladder cancer survival

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Lid tectonics-Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： Craig O’Neill NickM.W.roberts Macquarie Planetary Research Centre Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2019Australia NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological SurveyNottinghamNG12 5GGUK

The idea that plate tectonics may not have operated deep in Earth’s Precambrian past has a long legacy. What predated plate tectonics is unknown, and advances in data - from geochemical,geological and tectonic, to paleomagnetic, as well as modelling approaches,and planetary science, have the potential to contribute significantly to the debate. To contrast with the activity of plate tectonics,in this issue we use the term ‘lid tectonics’ to encapsulate a variety of envisaged regimes e from stagnant, sluggish, plutonicsquishy,or heat pipe - which are characterized by comparatively subdued tectonic *** special issue of Geoscience Frontiers aims to present a snapshot of current research in the field of lid-tectonics - from detailed field interpretations, to global conceptual models, data compilations,and insights from simulations, and provide unique insights into both the Precambrian Earth, and the dynamics of lid-tectonics.

关键词： plate tectonics Earth’s Precambrian

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The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34 ＋ stem cells in the presence of fins-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第6期9卷 446-454页

作者： AI Proietto D Mittag AW roberts N Sprigg L Wu Molecular Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia Transfusion Research Australian Red Cross Blood Services West Melbourne Vic. 3003 Australia Cancer and Haematology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia Tsinghua U niversity-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China

Dendritic cells （DCs） are immune cells specialized to capture, process and present antigen to T cells in order to initiate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The study of mouse DC has revealed a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in their development, surface phenotype and function. The study of human blood and spleen has shown the presence of two subsets of conventional DC including the CDlb/c＋ and CD141＋CLEC9A＋ conventional DC （cDC） and a plasmacytoid DC （pDC） that is CD304＋CD123＋. Studies on these subpopulations have revealed phenotypic and functional differences that are similar to those described in the mouse. In this study, the three DC subsets have been generated in vitrofrom human CD34＋ precursors in the presence of fins-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand （FIt3L） and thrombopoietin （TPO）. The DC subsets so generated, including the CDlb/c＋ and CLEC9A＋ cDCs and CD123 ＋ pDCs, were largely similar to their blood and spleen counterparts with respect to surface phenotype, toll-like receptor and transcription factor expression, capacity to stimulate T cells, cytokine secretion and cross-presentation of antigens. This system may be utilized to study aspects of DC development and function not possible in vivo.

关键词： dendritic cells fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand thrombopoietin

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Cooperative adaptive bidirectional control of a train platoon for efficient utility and string stability

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第9期24卷 161-170页

作者：高士根董海荣宁滨 roberts Clive 陈磊孙绪彬 State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of ElectronicElectrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

This paper proposes cooperative adaptive control schemes for a train platoon to improve efficient utility and guarantee string stability. The control schemes are developed based on a bidirectional strategy, i.e., the information of proximal（preceding and following） trains is used in the controller design. Based on available proximal information（prox-info） of location, speed, and acceleration, a direct adaptive control is designed to maintain the tracking interval at the minimum safe distance. Based on available prox-info of location, an observer-based adaptive control is designed to achieve the same target, which alleviates the requirements of equipped sensors to measure prox-info of speed and acceleration. The developed schemes are capable of on-line estimating of the unknown system parameters and stabilizing the closed-loop system, the string stability of train platoon is guaranteed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.

关键词： train platoon string stability cooperative adaptive control efficient utility

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Valence Quark Ratio in the Proton

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第4期39卷 1-6页

作者：崔钫高飞 Daniele Binosi 常雷 Craig D.roberts Sebastian M.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Centre for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa TambosiStrada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University Ⅲ.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Beginning with precise data on the ratio of structure functions in deep inelastic scattering(DIS)from ^3He and ^3H,collected on the domain 0.19≤xB≤0.83,where xBis the Bjorken scaling variable,we employ a robust method for extrapolating such data to arrive at a model-independent result for the xB=1 value of the ratio of neutron and proton structure *** this with information obtained in analyses of DIS from nuclei,corrected for target-structure dependence,we arrive at a prediction for the proton valence-quark ratio:d_(v)/u_(v)|_(xB→1)=0.230(57).Requiring consistency with this result presents a challenge to many descriptions of proton structure.

关键词： structure functions precise

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