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Demystifying energy savings from dynamic temperature setpoints under weather and occupancy variability

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 878-888页

作者： riccardo Talami Ilyas Dawoodjee Ali Ghahramani Department of the Built Environment National University of SingaporeSingapore 117566

Building temperature setpoints affect both HVAC energy consumption and occupant *** reduce HVAC energy usage,researchers often investigate how system operations can be optimized under weather and occupancy variability subject to a fixed setpoint that minimizes any possible *** previous research has explored the selection of dynamic setpoints to minimize HVAC energy consumption based on outdoor temperature,they have often neglected the impact of varying occupancy rates on the *** paper aims to demystify energy savings derived from fixed and dynamic temperature setpoints under weather and occupancy variability and explores the additional energy savings that can be achieved through dynamic temperature *** exhaustive HVAC zone temperature setpoint optimizer was developed to determine dynamic setpoints with respect to weather and occupancy(i.e.,setpoints that minimize HVAC energy consumption at different occupancy rates based on outdoor weather).*** reference building energy models for small,medium,and large office buildings were simulated at 17 climate zones,4 occupancy rates(25%,50%,75%,100%)and 7 setpoints(19.5℃to 25.5℃at 1℃interval).It was found that,both fixed and dynamic setpoints benefit from the energy reduction of approximately 2-4%from the lower heat generated by the occupants at lower occupancy ***,at outdoor temperatures between 5℃and 32℃where occupant heat loads can swing the building between heating,free-running,and cooling modes,dynamic setpoints yield additional 2-10%energy savings,compared to fixed setpoints.

关键词： Decarbonization Smart buildings Optimization Occupancy Heat loads

A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Heritage in Extreme Climate Changes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 404-420页

作者： riccardo Cacciotti Alessandro Sardella Milo? Drdácky Alessandra Bonazza Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale

Vulnerability evaluation plays a key role in risk assessment and reduction and is essential for defining strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In dealing with the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk, we are still far from adopting and applying an agreed methodology for vulnerability assessment. With the aim to support practitioners, heritage managers,and policy and decision makers to undertake actions that address the protection of cultural heritage at risk, the methodology set up in the framework of the Interreg Central Europe STRENCH is illustrated and discussed here. Based on three major requirements(susceptibility, exposure, and resilience) and a continuous consultation with local stakeholders, the proposed methodology is applicable for evaluating the vulnerability of built heritage and cultural landscape exposed to hydrometeorological hazards, such as heavy rains, floods, and droughts. The results obtained through its validation on 15 case studies from seven Central European regions are shown to underline the strengths and limitations of the methodological *** consultation with local stakeholders was fundamental for the definition of the criteria/subcriteria and related values for the assessment of the requirements. Application to further sites in other contexts would surely contribute to strengthening the reliability of the methodological approach.

关键词： Built and natural heritage Exposure Heritage vulnerability Resilience Risk management Susceptibility

Selective internal radiation therapy segmentectomy:A new minimally invasive curative option for primary liver malignancies?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2379-2386页

作者： riccardo Inchingolo Francesco Cortese Antonio Rosario Pisani Fabrizio Acquafredda Roberto Calbi riccardo Memeo Fotis Anagnostopoulos Stavros Spiliopoulos Unit of Interventional Radiology “F.Miulli”Regional General HospitalBari 70021Italy Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine Section of Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”Bari 70121Italy Department of Radiology General Regional Hospital“F.Miulli”Acquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy Unit of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery “F.Miulli”Regional General HospitalBari 70021Italy The Second Radiology Department National and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari Athens 12461Greece

Transarterial radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy(SIRT)has emerged as a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of *** percutaneous technique involves the local,intra-arterial delivery of radioactive microspheres directly into the *** employed as a palliative measure for liver malignancies,SIRT has gained traction over the past decade as a potential curative option,mirroring the increasing role of radiation *** latest update of the BCLC hepatocellular carcinoma guidelines recognizes SIRT as an effective treatment modality comparable to other local ablative methods,particularly well-suited for patients where surgical resection or ablation is not *** segmentectomy is a more selective approach,aiming to deliver high-dose radiation to one to three specific hepatic segments,while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy *** research efforts in radiation segmentectomy should prioritize optimizing radiation dosimetry and refining the technique for super-selective administration of radiospheres within the designated hepatic segments.

关键词： Transarterial radioembolization Selective internal radiation therapy Radiation segmentectomy Hepatocellular carcinoma Primary liver malignancies Personalised dosimetry

The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 679-694页

作者： Kai Gao Shamila Haddad riccardo Paolini Jie Feng Muzahim Altheeb Abdulrahman AI Mogirah Abdullatif Bin Moammar Mattheos Santamouris School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign and ArchitectureUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Royal Commission of Riyadh City RiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute of Future Cities Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Severe urban heat,a prevalent climate change consequence,endangers city residents ***-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this ***,the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation,despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate *** study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure(GI)for heat mitigation in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage,severe summer heat,and *** research forecasting model(WRF)is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition,including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%,considering irrigation and vegetation types(tall/short).In Riyadh,without irrigation,increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming(0.1 to 0.3℃).Despite irrigation,Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses,in terms of average peak hour temperature *** study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation,reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing ***,water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.

关键词： green infrastructure evapotranspiration cooling desert city irrigation urban overheating

Hybrid Architecture:A Studio-Based Pedagogical Framework for Digital Architectural Design

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第8期18卷 363-372页

作者： riccardo Balbo IED Turin via San Quintino 39Torino 10121Italy

This article intends to bring a new perspective to the discussion of how studio-based education in architectural studies can improve its quality by embedding meta-tools as paradigmatic frameworks as a learning/teaching *** newly emerging creative and collaborative digital design tools and systems led to the re-shaping and re-definition of the traditional studio-based teaching/learning *** shift does not only comprise of a newly gained ability of using“design toolkits”,but also has substantial cognitive and pedagogical *** paper presents,describes and discusses the application of a new pedagogical approach through the application of a novel knowledge framework,that has been used in the teaching of DAD(Digital Architectural Design)in the context of a master’s level course.

关键词： Architectural education design pedagogy digital architectural design.

Development of deep-learning-based autonomous agents for low-speed maneuvering in Unity

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第3期7卷 229-244页

作者： riccardo Berta Luca Lazzaroni Alessio Capello Marianna Cossu Luca Forneris Alessandro Pighetti Francesco Bellotti Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department(DITEN)University of GenoaGenoa 16145Italy

This study provides a systematic analysis of the resource-consuming training of deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) agents for simulated low-speed automated driving (AD). In Unity, this study established two case studies: garage parking and navigating an obstacle-dense area. Our analysis involves training a path-planning agent with real-time-only sensor information. This study addresses research questions insufficiently covered in the literature, exploring curriculum learning (CL), agent generalization (knowledge transfer), computation distribution (CPU vs. GPU), and mapless navigation. CL proved necessary for the garage scenario and beneficial for obstacle avoidance. It involved adjustments at different stages, including terminal conditions, environment complexity, and reward function hyperparameters, guided by their evolution in multiple training attempts. Fine-tuning the simulation tick and decision period parameters was crucial for effective training. The abstraction of high-level concepts (e.g., obstacle avoidance) necessitates training the agent in sufficiently complex environments in terms of the number of obstacles. While blogs and forums discuss training machine learning models in Unity, a lack of scientific articles on DRL agents for AD persists. However, since agent development requires considerable training time and difficult procedures, there is a growing need to support such research through scientific means. In addition to our findings, we contribute to the R&D community by providing our environment with open sources.

关键词： automated driving autonomous agents deep reinforcement learning curriculum learning modeling and simulation

Deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 479-485页

作者： Claudia Cavallini Elena Olivi riccardo Tassinari Chiara Zannini Gregorio Ragazzini Martina Marcuzzi Valentina Taglioli Carlo Ventura National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor LabBologna 40128Italy Eldor Lab Bologna 40128Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences(DIMEC) University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident ***,in particular,have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for *** this editorial,we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al,in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells,which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee *** focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities,thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment(niche).Stem cell differen-tiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM,including its chemical and protein composition,as well as the mechanical forces it can ***,these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and *** interest in mechanobiology,often conceptualized as a form of“structural memory”,is steadily gaining more validation and momen-tum,especially in light of findings such as these.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Antler stem cells Stem cell niche Regenerative medicine Decellularized scaffolds Cell memory

Laser-optimized Pt-Y alloy nanoparticles embedded in Pt-Y oxide matrix for high stability and ORR electrocatalytic activity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 508-520页

作者： riccardo Brandiele Andrea Guadagnini Mattia Parnigotto Federico Pini Vito Coviello Denis Badocco Paolo Pastore Gian Andrea Rizzi Andrea Vittadini Daniel Forrer Vincenzo Amendola Christian Durante Department of Chemical Sciences University of PaduaVia Marzolo 135131 PadovaItaly Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia ICMATE-CNR via Marzolo 1 I-35131 PadovaItaly

The development of active yet stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is still a major issue for the extensive permeation of fuel cells into everyday *** nanostructured Pt catalysts are to date the best available systems in terms of activity,the same is not true for stability,particularly under operating *** this work,Pt_(Х)Y alloy nanoparticles are proposed as active and durable electrocatalysts for ***_(Х)Y nanoalloys are synthesized and further optimized by laser ablation in liquid followed by laser fragmentation in *** novel integrated laser-assisted methodology succeeded in producing Pt_(Х)Y nanoparticles with the ideal size(1000 A g^(-1).At the same time,the nanoalloys are embedded in a fine Pt oxide matrix,which allows a greater stability of the catalyst than the commercial Pt reference,as directly verified on a gas diffusion electrode.

关键词： Electrocatalysis GDE ORR Pt_(2)Y Pt_(3)Y LAL LFL Oxide support Pto Nanoalloys

Modeling of recrystallization behaviour of AA6XXX aluminum alloy profile during extrusion process

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： Marco Negozio Antonio Segatori riccardo Pelaccia Barbara Reggiani Sara Di Donato Lorenzo Donati DIN Department of Industrial Engineering – University of Bologna University of Parma-Department of Engineering and Architecture， Parco Area delle Scienze Hydro， Innovation and Technology InterMech-MO.RE – University of Modena and Reggio Emilia DISMI Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering， University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

An innovative approach was introduced for the development of a AA6063 recrystallization model. This method incorporated a regression-based technique for the determination of material constants and introduced novel equations for assessing the grain size evolution. Calibration and validation of this methodology involved a combination of experimentally acquired microstructural data from the extrusion of three different AA6063 profiles and results from the simulation using the Qform Extrusion UK finite element code. The outcomes proved the agreement between experimental findings and numerical prediction of the microstructural evolution. The trend of the grain size variation based on different process parameters has been accurately simulated， both after dynamic and static recrystallization， with an error rate of less than 25% in almost the whole sampling computations.

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