检索结果-南通市图书馆

Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 31-37页

作者： Richard O.ODhIAMBO rhodes h.makundi herwig LEIRS Ron VERhAGEN Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Biology Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Danish Institute of Agricultural SciencesKongens LyngbyDenmark

Seasonal abundance, reproductive biology and feeding ecology of the bushveld gerbil Tatera leucogaster (Peters,1852) were investigated in small-scale maize field–fallow land mosaics in south-western Tanzania. The gerbilswere collected over a 2-year period using Sherman live and Victor hold-fast snap traps in permanent 4.5-ha grids. Atotal of 664 individuals were captured over 13 650 trap nights, giving an overall trap success rate of 4.9%. Trapsuccess varied between seasons with and without crops in the field but not between habitat types. At this site, thebreeding activity of this species is seasonal. All individuals whose stomachs were analyzed ate a wide range ofitems, indicating omnivory in this species at this site;however, seeds were the most preferred diet category, with amean contribution of 50.4%, followed by arthropods, with a mean contribution of 25.7%. Other plant materialsbecame important during the very dry periods.

关键词： feeding ecology reproduction seasonal abundance Tanzania Tatera leucogaster

Are local plague endemicity and ecological characteristics of vectors and reservoirs related? A case study in north-east Tanzania

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2009年第3期55卷 200-211页

作者： Anne LAUDISOIT Simon NEERINCKX rhodes h.makundi herwig LEIRS Boris R.KRASNOV Zoogeographical Research Unit University of Liège Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerpen Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of Agriculture Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementFaculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Aarhus Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede-Boqer Campus

The pattern of plague endemicity in Tanzania is characterized by continuous re-appearance of the disease in some locations, while in other neighbouring villages the disease has never or seldom been observed. To understand the reasons for this pattern, we studied small mammal and flea species composition, diversity and relative abundances in two plague-endemic and two plague-free locations. We asked （a） whether fleas more abundant in plague-endemic locations differ in their characteristic abundance and the degree of their host specificity from fleas more abundant in plague-free locations and （b） whether hosts most abundant in p/ague-endemic locations differ in the diversity of their flea assemblages from hosts most abundant in p/ague-free locations. We characterized （a） each host species by species richness and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its flea assemblages and （b） each flea species by its mean abundance and size, and degree of taxonomic relatedness of its host spectrum and compared their relative abundances between locations. No significant difference between plague-endemic and plague-free locations in either host density or any variable related to flea abundance or diversity was found. however, there was marginally significant effect of taxonomic distinctness of a flea assemblage barboured by a host on its probability to be more abundant in either plague-endemic or plague-free locations. Furthermore, hosts more abundant in plague-endemic locations tended to harbour closely-related fleas. Finally, while opportunistic and specialist fleas were equally distributed in both sets of locations, fleas exploiting distantly-related hosts were found mainly in plague-free locations during the rainy season. We suggest that the observed patterns might arise due to seasonal and spatial differences in local microclimatic conditions and landscape connectivity [ Current Zoology 55 （3）： 200 - 211, 2009].

关键词： Flea Rodent Landscape connectivity Opportunistic Plague Tanzania

Relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating damage to maize caused by rodents

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 131-135页

作者： Loth S.MULUNGU rhodes h.makundi Apia W.MASSAWE herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania University of Antwerp Evolutionary Biology GroupAntwerpenBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory University of AarhusDepartment of Integrated Pest ManagementKongens LyngbyDenmark

In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating rodentdamage. We used the systematic row sampling technique to provide data to achieve precision and accuracy inestimations of rodent damage in maize fields at the planting and seedling stages. The actual rodent damage to maizein 15 fields, each 0.5 ha in size, in Morogoro, Tanzania, was established at the seedling stage. These data were usedto simulate the sampling intensities that would provide precision and accuracy. The variations between estimateswere plotted against the sampling intervals. The results of this study show that the relationship between averagestandardized variances and sampling intervals is linear. The heterogeneous distribution of damage in some plotscaused variations in the accuracy of the estimates between plots, but a sampling interval of five rows consistentlyproduced estimates with a variance of less than 10%. We provide a standard curve that will allow a decision to bemade on the sampling intensity as a function of required precision using the systematic row sampling technique inmaize fields.

关键词： rodents sampling interval simulation standard curve systematic row sampling

Impact of contraceptive hormones on the reproductive potential of male and female commensal black rats (Rattus rattus)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI rhodes h.makundi Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MhAMPhI Loth S.MULUNGU Steven R.BELMAIN Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The black rat is considered one of the world’s top *** increased restrictions on rodenticides,new alternatives to manage rats are urgently *** on the use of contraceptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),and quinestrol(QU),have been evaluated against some rodent species,and this research is theﬁrst study to assess these on black *** were incorporated into rodent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations singly and in combination(EP-1).Groups of 10 animals of each sex were fed the baits over 7 *** bait consumption was observed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was observed that the uterus was in a state of edema and male reproductive organs weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,were used to assess impact on pregnancy and litter *** was reduced from 70%success when both males and females consumed untreated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contraceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contraceptive bait,regardless of whether they had paired with a treated or untreated *** size in the untreated pairs was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases where the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the practicality of using contraceptive baits for black rats in different habitats.

关键词： contraceptive bait ecologically based rodent management fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

Distribution and ecology of lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,in Tanzanian coastal forests

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 531-542页

作者： Christopher A.SABUNI Vincent SLUYDTS Loth S.MULUNGU Samwel L.S.MAGANGA rhodes h.makundi herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Unit of Medical Entomology Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Ecology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

The lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,is a small rodent that is patchily distributed in the Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests in East *** ecology of this species and its current distribution in coastal forests is not well ***,we conducted a study in selected coastal forests to assess the current distribution of the species and to investigate the population ecology in terms of abundance fluctuations and demographic *** of the species distribution were conducted in 5 forests through trapping with Sherman live *** on ecology were obtained from monthly capture–mark–recapture studies conducted for 5 consecutive nights per month in two 1 ha grids set in Zaraninge Forest over a 2-year *** results indicate the presence of *** in 3 forests where it was not previously *** population abundance estimates ranged from 1 to 40 animals per month,with high numbers recorded during rainy *** patterns and sex ratios did not differ between *** estimates were not influenced by season,and recruitment was low,with growth rate estimates of 1 animal per *** estimates suggest a stable population of *** in Zaraninge *** studies are recommended to establish the home range,diet and burrowing behavior of the species in coastal forests in East Africa.

关键词： abundance Beamys hindei coastal forests recruitment survival

Soil type limits population abundance of rodents in crop fields:case study of the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis Smith,1834 in Tanzania

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 27-30页

作者： Apia W.MASSAWE Winnie RWAMUGIRA herwig LEIRS rhodes h.makundi Loth MULUNGU V.NGOWO Robert MAChANG’U Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Biology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Danish Institute of Agricultural SciencesKongens LyngbyDenmark Rodent Control Centre MorogoroTanzania

Studies of populations of the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis in Morogoro, Tanzania, show that soil textureappears to influence the population abundance and distribution of these rats in agricultural fields. The lowest rodentpopulation abundance was found on sandy clay soils (F(2, 5) = 8.42;P = 0.025). The population abundances of *** on sandy clay loam and sandy loam soils did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05), possibly because thesesoils have a very similar texture. The results of this study suggest that M. natalensis prefers loam-textured soilswith a high percentage of sand, which are probably better than clay soils for burrowing and nesting, particularly inthe rainy season. The lower preference for clay soils is probably related to the poor aeration in these soils and thewaterlogging that occurs during the wet season.

关键词： Mastomys population soil texture Tanzania.

Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： rhodes h.makundi Apia W.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multimammate rat,Mastomys natalensis Smith 1834,is a dominant species in agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa,but adapts quickly to changes in non-agricultural landscape,particularly woodlands and *** this study we report on reproduction and population dynamics of *** in deforested high elevation localities in the Usambara Mountains,north-east *** conducted Capture-Mark-Recapture studies in 2002-2004,and established that reproduction of *** takes place in the extended wet season between February and June,and the population density peaks in *** cease in July to January and population density drops from July *** and population density fluctuations are linked to the duration and amount of *** years when rainfall was below average and the wet season was short,the population density was significantly lower(below 10 animals/ha and 60 animals/ha in 2003 and 2004 respectively,compared to>100 animals/ha in 2002 when rainfall was above the seasonal average)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,phese densities were much lower than in the lowland savannah habitats in central and southwest Tanzania.A comparison between the farmland/fallow mosaic fields and agro-forestry areas showed higher population densities in the former,which have similarities to the preferred habitats in the lowland *** increasing abundance of *** in the Usambara could have some consequences:*** is major pest and is involved in the plague cycle in the western Usambara *** natalensis is also a strong competitor and the impact on endemic rodent species,*** flavopunctatus and Praomys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Mastomys population dynamics reproduction Tanzania.

Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro-Malagasy farming regions

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 578-594页

作者： Natasha L.CONSTANT Lourens h.SWANEPOEL Samual T.WILLIAMS Voahangy SOARIMALALA Steven M.GOODMAN Apia T.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU rhodes h.makundi Mashaka E.MDANGI Peter J.TAYLOR Steven R.BELMAIN SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouJohannesburgSouth Africa Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Department of Zoology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education(IGDORE) JohannesburgSouth Africa Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’EnvironnementUniversitéde Fianarantsoa FianarantsoaMadagascar Field Museum of Natural history ChicagoIllinoisUSA Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Ministry of Agriculture Tanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

Rodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage,food security,and public *** Based Rodent Management(EBRM)seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics,agro-ecosystems,and socio-cultural *** adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro-Malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa,Tanzania,and Madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control *** conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site *** assert multiple impacts on Afro-Malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs,and public health *** identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different EBRM approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more *** issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous *** advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance.A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of EBRM initiatives according to the specific agro-ecosystem and socio-cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.

关键词： Africa beliefs crop damage ecologically based rodent management farmer survey

Rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant R. SINGLETON Lyn A. hINDS rhodes makundi Steven R. BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

Technical Perspective:Research on General-Purpose Brain-Inspired Computing Systems

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 1-3页

作者： Oliver rhodes Department of Computer Science University of ManchesterManchester M139PLU.K

Brain-inspired computing is a popular research area with the potential to advance our understanding of brain function,artificial intelligence,and next-generation computing *** referred to as"neuromorphic",these systems and algorithms hope to harness mechanisms present in brains to make step changes in perfor-mance over regular von Neumann based approaches[1].

关键词： artificial computing Brain