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spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications

Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Xiwei Fan Antonia Rujia sun reuben s.e.young Isaac O.Afara Brett R.Hamilton Louis Jun Ye Ong Ross Crawford Indira Prasadam Centre for Biomedical Technologies Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia school of Mechanical Medical&Process EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Central Analytical Research Facility Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Molecular Horizons University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland school of electrical engineering and Computer science Faculty of EngineeringArchitecture and Information TechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia The Prince Charles Hospital BrisbaneQLDAustralia

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose *** presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial ***,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic *** analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint *** issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical *** insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease *** resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular *** advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial *** fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial ***,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and *** these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease *** review summarizes the rec

关键词： insight spatial enable

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Novel fabrication techniques for ultra-thin silicon based flexible electronics

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International Journal of extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 116-149页

作者： Ju young Lee Jeong eun Ju Chanwoo Lee sang Min Won Ki Jun Yu school of electrical and electronic engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-roSeodaemunguSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of electrical and Computer engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea YU-Korea Institute of science and Technology(KIsT)Institute Yonsei University50Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Flexible electronics offer a multitude of advantages,such as flexibility,lightweight property,portability,and high *** unique properties allow for seamless applications to curved and soft surfaces,leading to extensive utilization across a wide range of fields in consumer *** applications,for example,span integrated circuits,solar cells,batteries,wearable devices,bio-implants,soft robotics,and biomimetic ***,flexible electronic devices have been developed using a variety of materials such as organic,carbon-based,and inorganic semiconducting ***(si)owing to its mature fabrication process,excellent electrical,optical,thermal properties,and cost efficiency,remains a compelling material choice for flexible ***,the research on ultra-thin si in the context of flexible electronics is studied rigorously *** thinning of si is crucially important for flexible electronics as it reduces its bending stiffness and the resultant bending strain,thereby enhancing flexibility while preserving its exceptional *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent efforts in the fabrication techniques for forming ultra-thin si using top-down and bottom-up approaches and explores their utilization in flexible electronics and their applications.

关键词： flexible electronics silicon fabrication technique top-down approach bottom-up approach

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elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： ernesto s.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko young-Mo Kim Jennifer e.Kyle Kelly G.stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin e.Burnum-Johnson Biological sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA environmental and Molecular sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

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significantly Improved High-Temperature energy storage Performance of BOPP Films by Coating Nanoscale Inorganic Layer

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 30-38页

作者： Tiandong Zhang Hainan Yu young Hoon Jung Changhai Zhang Yu Feng Qingguo Chen Keon Jae Lee Qingguo Chi school of electrical and electronic engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China Department of Materials science and engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 350701Korea

Biaxially oriented polypropylene(BOPP)is one of the most commonly used commercial capacitor films,but its upper operating temperature is below 105℃due to the sharply increased electrical conduction loss at high *** this study,growing an inorganic nanoscale coating layer onto the BOPP film's surface is proposed to suppress electrical conduction loss at high temperature,as well as increase its upper operating *** kinds of inorganic coating layers that have different energy band structure and dielectric property are grown onto the both surface of BOPP films,*** effect of inorganic coating layer on the high-temperature energy storage performance has been systematically *** favorable coating layer materials and appropriate thickness enable the BOPP films to have a significant improvement in high-temperature energy storage ***,when the aluminum nitride(AIN)acts as a coating layer,the AIN-BOPP-AIN sandwich-structured films possess a discharged energy density of 1.5 J cm^(-3)with an efficiency of 90%at 125℃,accompanying an outstandingly cyclic *** the discharged energy density and operation temperature are significantly enhanced,indicating that this efficient and facile method provides an important reference to improve the high-temperature energy storage performance of polymer-based dielectric films.

关键词： coating layer energy storage interfacial barrier polymer films

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Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United states

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew e Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns Charles F Mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A Maranho eduardo N Novais young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of Orthopedic surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United states(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pespite significantly smaller femoral head size in older ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).CONCLUsION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head sphericity skeletal growth sex differences

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Pressure-responsive pH-triggered layer-by-layer coating of paclitaxel-eluting balloon catheters for instant high-dose drug delivery for percutaneous coronary artery intervention

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9141-9151页

作者： Jeong Yu Lee shonit Nair sharma sung-Yu Hong young-Guk Ko Yangsoo Jang Minjae Do Michael Christopher stark Qiwen Peng Benjamin Allen Mossburg Bo Chan seo Yuhan Lee Department of Materials science and engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology Perioperativeand Pain MedicineCenter for Accelerated Medical Innovation&Center for NanomedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Biological engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Cardiovascular Product evaluation Center Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineSeverance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide,with percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)using drug-eluting stents(Des)as the standard treatment for coronary artery *** advancements in Des technology,challenges such as restenosis and stent thrombosis still necessitate further interventions and carry considerable risks,highlighting an urgent need for a novel therapeutic approach with lower restenosis rates and reduced reintervention *** balloons(DeBs)coated with anti-proliferative agents offer a novel method of local drug delivery for reducing restenosis by directly administering drugs to the lesion ***,efficient delivery of drugs within the brief procedural window while minimizing drug loss during maneuvering to the target site remains a ***,we developed a pressure-responsive and pH-triggered,paclitaxel(PTX)coated DeB catheter for rapid and high-dose delivery of paclitaxel to the lesion sites,overcoming the limitations of drug dispersion and inefficiencies associated with conventional *** the charge reversion of albumin around its isoelectric point,paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles(PTX-HsA-NPs)and heparin were coated using a layer-by-layer deposition method at pH *** exposure to physiological pH(i.e.,7.4),the coating is rapidly released from the balloon *** with a protective shellac coating,the DeB achieved controlled release of high-dose paclitaxel to the arterial tissue in vivo(up to 400μg per gram tissue),exceeding current DeBs in the *** results suggest the pH-responsive,multi-layer coated DeB’s potential for superior procedural outcomes,addressing a critical unmet need in PCI.

关键词： drug-eluting balloon layer-by-layer coating coronary artery disease paclitaxel

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Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello serra Nicola simola Alexia e.Pollack Giulia Costa Department of Biomedical sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly Department of Biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

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A study on How Urban Rail Operators Can secure New Growth engines for the Future Approach: The Case of Underground Urban Logistics system

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering 2024年第3期12卷 130-140页

作者： su Min Hong Oek seok Jeon young soo Na Metro Research Institute Seoul MetroSeoul 04806Korea Department of Transportation engineering University of SeoulSeoul 02504Korea

seoul Metro is seoul’s leading metro company, transporting up to 3 billion people annually. However, future ridership is expected to plummet due to an aging and shrinking population with one of the fastest declining total fertility rates in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 accelerated this phenomenon. On the contrary, the e-commerce and home delivery industries have developed significantly since COVID-19. seoul’s current logistics infrastructure cannot handle it. Under the inflection point of declining passenger transportation demand and increasing urban logistics demand, urban rail operators need new growth engines. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the introduction of an UULs (underground urban logistics system) that transports parcels instead of passengers through urban railways. If the UULs becomes a reality, it can be expected to secure scarce logistics land in cities, protect the environment and prevent traffic congestion by operating eco-friendly mass urban transportation, and acquire new revenue sources for urban rail operators. The UULs’s B/C ratio is 1.32. The sensitivity analysis shows that the ratio is above 1 in most cases where the unit cost of transportation is not significantly reduced.

关键词： UULs metro new growth engines COVID-19 traffic congestion environment.

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju sukhyun Kang Tae-sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi seung Chul Han seong Je Park Hyoung seop Kim susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas Jr sang Hoon Kim school of Mechanical engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials science and engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials science and engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea school of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea school of Mechanical and Materials engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA school of Mechanical engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular science and engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary siC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed *** is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)si–siC/nitride hybrid *** study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive *** strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)si–siC/nitride hybrid ***,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional *** outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the siC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)si-siC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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Three-dimensional magnetization reconstruction from electron optical phase images with physical constraints

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 122-132页

作者： Boyao Lyu shihua Zhao Yibo Zhang Weiwei Wang Fengshan Zheng Rafal e.Dunin-Borkowski Jiadong Zang Haifeng Du Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-energy Quantum Materials and Devices High Magnetic Field LaboratoryHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China science Island Branch Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New HampshireDurham 03824USA Department of Physics The City College of New YorkNew York 10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew York 10016USA Department of Chemistry University of New HampshireDurham 03824USA Institutes of Physical science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China spin-X Institute Center for Electron MicroscopySchool of Physics and OptoelectronicsState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 511442China ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and spectroscopy with electrons Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52425Germany

The ability to characterize three-dimensional(3D)magnetization distributions in nanoscale magnetic materials and devices is essential to fully understand their static and dynamic magnetic *** contrast techniques in the transmission electron microscope(TeM),such as electron holography and electron ptychography,can be used to record two-dimensional(2D)projections of the in-plane magnetic induction of 3D nanoscale *** the 3D magnetic induction can in principle be reconstructed from one or more tilt series of such 2D projections,conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms do not recover the 3D magnetization within a sample ***,we use simulations to describe the basis of an improved model-based algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of a 3D magnetization distribution from one or more tilt series of electron optical phase images recorded in the *** algorithm allows a wide range of physical constraints,including a priori information about the sample geometry and magnetic parameters,to be *** also makes use of minimization of the micromagnetic energy in the loss *** demonstrate the reconstruction of the 3D magnetization of a localized magnetic soliton—a hopfion ring—and discuss the influence of noise,choice of magnetic constants,maximum tilt angle and number of tilt axes on the *** algorithm can in principle be adapted for other magnetic contrast imaging techniques in the TeM,as well as for other magnetic characterization techniques,such as those based on X-rays or neutrons.

关键词： three-dimensional magnetization vector field tomography differentiable programming electron holography micromagnetism

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