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Reflection of intense laser light from microstructured targets as a potential diagnostic of laser focus and plasma temperature

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者： J.Jarrett M.King R.J.gray n.neumann L.Dhl C.D.Baird T.Ebert M.Hesse A.Tebartz D.R.Rusby n.C.Woolsey D.neely M.Roth P.McKenna Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Institut f¨ur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt York Plasma Institute University of York STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Institut fur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt

The spatial-intensity profile of light reflected during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a microstructured target is investigated experimentally and the potential to apply this as a diagnostic of the interaction physics is explored numerically. Diffraction and speckle patterns are measured in the specularly reflected light in the cases of targets with regular groove and needle-like structures, respectively, highlighting the potential to use this as a diagnostic of the evolving plasma surface. It is shown, via ray-tracing and numerical modelling, that for a laser focal spot diameter smaller than the periodicity of the target structure, the reflected light patterns can potentially be used to diagnose the degree of plasma expansion, and by extension the local plasma temperature, at the focus of the intense laser light. The reflected patterns could also be used to diagnose the size of the laser focal spot during a high-intensity interaction when using a regular structure with known spacing.

关键词： high power laser laser-solid interactions plasma temperature diagnosis

Characteristics of Suicides Caused by Drug Overdose in the State of Maryland

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 38-42页

作者： Ling Li Xinbiao Liao Guozhong Zhang Daming Sun Tiantong Yang Keming Yun rebecca Phipps Xiang Zhang Mary G Ripple David Fowler Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Institute of Evidence Science and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science China University of Political Science and LawBeijing Department and Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department of Forensic Pathology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang Center of Forensic Science East China University of Political Science and LawShanghai Department of Forensic Medicine Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina Division of Forensic Pathology University of MarylandSchool of MedicineMarylandUSA

Suicidal drug overdose is a major public health *** the United States,every year more than 33,000 people commit *** study focused on the characteristics of suicide victims in the state of *** and methods:This study was a retrospective review of autopsy cases of all suicide deaths caused by drug(s)or drug(s)with alcohol intoxication investigated by the OCME in Maryland over a 7-year period from January 2004 to December *** deaths investigated by the OCME that require autopsy examination are subject to comprehensive toxicology testing for drugs and *** screen tests were performed using gas chromatography(GC)and radioimmunoassay *** detected drugs and/or metabolites were confirmed using GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results:From 2004 to 2011,434 deaths were certified as *** the 434 suicidal overdose deaths,84%were white,11%were African-American,and about 5%were either Hispanic or *** male and female ratio was almost *** ages ranged 15-82 *** the 434 suicidal drug overdose deaths,277 victims(63.8%)consumed a single drug type and 157(36.2%)consumed more than one type of *** the 277 single-drug overdose cases,71.1%suicides were due to prescription drugs,23.5%due to over-the-counter drugs,and 5.4%due to street/recreational *** single-type prescription drugs,analgesic(n=76),antidepressant(n=45),and neuroleptic(n=35)classes were the three leading type of drugs used in suicidal ***,morphine,quetiapine,and amitriptyline were the most common prescription drugs in suicidal *** was the leading over-the-counter *** the 157 victims who consumed more than one drug,combined prescription drugs were present in 54.1%,mixed prescription and overthe-counter drugs in 29.3%,and prescription drugs/over-the-counter drugs and street drugs in 16.6%of *** the multiple-drug overdose suicides,66.2%cases involved ***:Suicide is found in every age,

关键词： Antidepressants drug overdose epidemiology forensic autopsy forensic science suicide opioid analgesics toxicology

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轮作草地土壤碳蓄积与矿化动态特征

草地学报 2019年第4期27卷 1037-1043页

作者：林栋张德罡 McCulley rebecca L. 周生伟甘肃农业大学草业学院甘肃兰州730070 美国肯塔基大学植物与土壤科学系肯塔基列克星敦40546-0091 甘肃农业大学理学院甘肃兰州730070

为探明作物-草地轮作系统中草地土壤碳(Carbon,C)蓄积与矿化动态特征,本试验以温带气候区有机农牧场低投入蔬菜生产后的5年草地轮作土壤为研究对象,测定不同轮作年限和季节土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)及其颗粒有机碳(Particula... 详细信息

为探明作物-草地轮作系统中草地土壤碳(Carbon,C)蓄积与矿化动态特征,本试验以温带气候区有机农牧场低投入蔬菜生产后的5年草地轮作土壤为研究对象,测定不同轮作年限和季节土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)及其颗粒有机碳(Particulate Organic Carbon,POC)和非颗粒有机碳(non-Particulate Organic Carbon,n-POC)组分含量,并对土壤C矿化潜力进行分析。结果表明,草地轮作年限显著影响SOC含量(Pn-POC组分变化(Pn-POC含量增加17.6%,春季草地土壤n-POC含量显著高于夏季和冬季;草地轮作4年后土壤C矿化率显著升高,并接近永久性草地水平;秋季草地土壤在71 d的培养期内平均C矿化速率为5.9μg·g^-1·d^-1,显著低于其他季节。草地轮作增强了土壤C矿化潜力,提高了土壤C循环强度和有机C有效性,同时延长了SOC半衰期,对增加土壤C库容量和稳定性具有重要作用。

关键词：碳蓄积颗粒有机碳碳矿化轮作草地

西方各国急性缺血性卒中后死亡率和功能性预后的显著差异:来自亭扎肝素治疗急性缺血性卒中试验(TAIST)的资料

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第8期 57-58页

作者： gray L.J Sprigg n Bath P.M.W 刘凯 Division of Stroke Medicine University of nottingham Queen’s Medical Centre South Block nottingham nG7 2UH United Kingdom Prof.

Background: The medical care of patients with acute stroke varies considerably between countries. This could lead to measurable differences in mortality and functional outcome. Objective: To compare case mix, clinical management, and functional outcome in stroke between 11 countries. Methods: All 1484 patients from 11 countries who were enrolled into the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST) were included in this substudy. Information collected prospectively on demographics, risk factors, clinical features, measures of service quality (for example, admission to a stroke unit), and outcome were assessed. Outcomes were adjusted for treatment assignment, case mix, and service relative to the British Isles. Results: Differences in case mix (mostly minor) and clinical service (many of prognostic relevance) were present between the countries. Significant differences in outcome were present between the countries. When assessed by geographical region, death or dependency were lower in north America (odds ratio (OR) adjusted for treatment group only = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.71) and north west Europe (OR = 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78)) relative to the British Isles; similar reductions were found when adjustments were made for 11 case mix variables and five service quality measures. Similarly, case fatality rates were lower in north America (OR = 0.44 (0.30 to 0.66)) and Scandinavia (OR = 0.50 (0.33 to 0.74)) relative to the British Isles, whether crude or adjusted for case mix and service quality. Conclusions: Both functional outcome and case fatality vary considerably between countries, even when adjusted for prognostic case mix variables and measures of good stroke care. Differing health care systems and the management of patients with acute stroke may contribute to these findings.

关键词：急性缺血性卒中 TAIST 肝素治疗功能性预后死亡率

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美国1999—2000年输血细菌感染

国外医学：输血及血液学分册 2002年第6期25卷 563-565页

作者： Matthew Jkuehnert Virginia R.Roth n.rebecca Haley 洪缨成都市血液中心机采室

血液成份细菌污染是继溶血后报告到FDA的输血相关死亡的病因,从1985至1999年,约占输血相关死亡病例的10%(77/694)以上.

关键词：美国 1999-2000年输血细菌感染

Young Child-Rearing Latina Cancer Survivors Living in the US-Mexico Border Region: A Qualitative Study

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第4期12卷 174-185页

作者： Clara L. Reyes rebecca L. Palacios Karoline Sondgeroth Ernesto A. Moralez Department of Public Health Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA Department of Public Health St. Lawrence University Canton NY USA

Background: Despite increasing cancer incidence among young Latinas (Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how young, child-rearing Latinas described their challenges, strengths, and social support sourc... 详细信息

ng>Background:ng> Despite increasing cancer incidence among young Latinas (Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how young, child-rearing Latinas described their challenges, strengths, and social support sources for coping with cancer in the US-Mexico border region. Methods: Nine Latinas that had been diagnosed with cancer, had at least one child 5 to 13 years old, and lived in one of two targeted border counties participated in audio-recorded, semi-structured focus groups (n = 6) or interviews (n = 3) in their preferred language (i.e., English or Spanish). Interview recordings were transcribed and inductively coded using methods based on grounded theory. Results: Three major themesn> emerged. First, in reporting their physical and emotional struggles with cancer as the most difficult time of their lives, participants described feeling alone as they navigated treatment side effects and continued fear of cancer. Second, they explained figuring out how to live day-by-day, reporting the negative impact of cancer on their families and on their ability to maintain their roles as mothers. Third, they highlighted factors that gave them the strength to fight and carry on, emphasizing their children and their inner strength. Conclusions: Even with a supportive family, young Latina mothers felt alone as they navigated cancer (i.e., treatment, fear, and impact on their families) and as they worked to garner the strength to overcome the stress of cancer. Intern>ventions for young Latina survivors sho

关键词： Cancer Survivorship Latinas Coping Family US-Mexico Border

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疯狂科学

作者： (美)西奥多·格雷(Theodore gray)

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疯狂科学

Effects of target pre-heating and expansion on terahertz radiation production from intense laser-solid interactions

作者： (美)西奥多·格雷(Theodore gray)

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 13-17页

作者： X.H.Yuan Y.Fang D.C.Carroll D.A.MacLellan F.Du n.Booth M.Burza M.Chen R.J.gray Y.F.Jin Y.T.Li Y.Liu D.neely H.Powell G.Scott C.-G.Wahlstrm J.Zhang P.McKenna Z.M.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Beijing national Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Department of Physics Lund University

The first experimental measurements of intense(～7 × 1019 W cm-2) laser-driven terahertz(THz) radiation from a solid target which is preheated by an intense pulse of laser-accelerated protons is reported. The total energy of the THz radiation is found to decrease by approximately a factor of 2 compared to a cold target reference. This is attributed to an increase in the scale length of the preformed plasma, driven by proton heating, at the front surface of the target,where the THz radiation is generated. The results show the importance of controlling the preplasma scale length for THz production.

关键词： target heating terahertz radiation