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Multisensory mechanisms of gait and.balance in Parkinson’s d.sease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico I.Bohnen d.partment of Rad.ology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA d.partment of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Ud.ll Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s d.sease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia d.partment of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Found.tion Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA d.partment of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and.GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Und.rstand.ng the neural und.rpinning of human gait and.balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience d.e to the profound.impact that falls and.mobility d.sturbances have on our aging *** and.gait control d.es not happen automatically,as previously believed.but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the bod.,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,includ.ng visual,vestibular,and.somatosensory *** mechanisms which und.rpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved.in multisensory integration lead. to falls in old.r *** emphasis,however,has been placed.on specific contributions of ind.vid.al sensory mod.lities to multisensory integration processes and.cross-mod.l interactions that occur between the sensory mod.lities in relation to gait and.*** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and.vestibular mod.lities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and.balance in old.r ad.lts and.patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evid.nce of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal bind.ng wind.ws,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in old.r ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and.at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,d.awing influence across multiple subd.sciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research d.rections and.therapeutic neuromod.latory approaches,to improve the lives of old.r ad.lts and.patients with neurod.generative d.seases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s d.sease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Improving Performance and.Enhancing Introd.ctory Statistics Using Projects

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2017年第1期7卷 21-28页

作者： Joy d.And.ea rebecca wooten University of Florid. Sarasota USA New College of Florid. Sarasota USA

Introd.ctory Statistics is a course taught in various community colleges, state colleges, and.universities. Implementation of projects in this course has been shown to enhance stud.nts’ learning;in ad.ition to increasing the ability of ed.cators to assess stud.nts’ learning outcomes in d.tail. These projects are often inquiry-based.and.require a balance between flexibility and.efficiency. Maintaining balance has provid.d.the stud.nts’ opportunities through exploration and.learner autonomy. In exploration, a stud.nt seeks new method. and.options through experimenting. In this paper, we will d.scuss the benefits of exploration required.by projects given in an introd.ctory statistics course. The d.tails of five d.fferent projects d.scussed.in this paper—illustrate the practical influence that they could.have on higher statistics courses.

关键词： Introd.ctory Statistics Projects Inquiry-Based Learning Centered Active Learning

Od.s Ratio &Relative Risk Ratio of Buoy Cond.tions for Storms in the Atlantic Basin

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Open Journal of Statistics 2018年第5期8卷 747-759页

作者： Joy Marie d.And.ea rebecca d.anne wooten Wend. Amand. Pogod. University of South Florid. Sarasota-Manatee Sarasota Campus Sarasota FL USA Florid. Southern College Lakeland FL USA Hillsborough Community College South Shore Campus Ruskin FL USA

The purpose of this paper is to bring awareness to the general public that certain cond.tions that occur at a buoy in the Atlantic Basin, such as wind.located.at the buoy, pressure located.at a buoy, water temperature located.at a buoy, atmospheric pressure located.at a buoy, may be useful in helping pred.ct when a hurricane could.possibly hit the state of Florid. in the future. One of the goals of this paper is to bring new statistical method. to investigate and.analyze d.ta, which will create better pred.cable measures in d.termining when a hurricane will possibly hit the state of Florid.. In this paper, the topics of binary logistic regression and.multinomial regression mod.ling are d.scussed.in reference to their outcomes of both the od.s ratio and.relative risk ratio respectively. The coefficients from these mod.ls will show which prospective buoy cond.tions are possibly more responsible for ind.cation of a storm being present in the Atlantic Basin. In this paper, the d.ta that was used.and.compiled.into a larger d.ta set came from two d.fferent sources. First, the hurricane d.ta for the years 1992-2013 came from Unisys Weather site (Atlantic Basin Hurricanes d.ta) and.the buoy d.ta has been available from the National Buoy Center. In this paper, the variables of interest are: storm present, buoy wind.speed. buoy pressure, buoy atmospheric temperature, buoy water temperature and.buoy wind.d.rection. The buoy cond.tions are the buoy wind. the buoy wind.d.rection, the buoy pressure, buoy atmospheric temperature and.the buoy water temperature.

关键词： Hurricanes Parametric Analysis Statistics Probability d.stributions Od.s Ratio

The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory d.ive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and.pred.tion

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa d. MITCHEM Shannon STANIS Nicholas M. SUTTON Zachary TURNER rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA d.partment of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA d.partment of Mathematics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory d.ive pred.cts that the cond.tions und.r which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and.behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sen sory d.ive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experi ence d.fferent environments and.asks whether population d.fferences are ad.ptive and.are the result of genetic and.or environmental variation. The multifaceted.effects of signaling environ ments are wellexemplified.by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abund.nt in tanninstained.swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abund.nt. Past work ind.cates that lighting environments shape genetic and.envir onmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and.behavior. Less is known about the select ive forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and.the abund.nce of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environ ments on male competition, female mate choice, and.pred.tion. We found.strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as d.minant in teastained.water than in clear water. Our preliminary stud. on pred.tion ind.cated.that blue males may be less susceptible to pred.tion in teastained.water than in clear water. However, there was little evid.nce for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and.phenotypic plasticity match the d.rection of selection and.favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词： Lucania good.i ad.ptive plasticity intrasexual selection male competition private communication pred.tion

Comparative analysis of breast and.lung cancer survival rates and.clinical trial enrollments among rural and.urban patients in Georgia

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Oncology Research 2024年第9期32卷 1401-1406页

作者： TATIANA KURILO rebecca d.PENTZ Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlanta30322USA

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and.clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared.to urban patients d.e to attitud.nal,awareness,and.healthcare access *** of cancer survival d.sparities and.CT enrollment is important for d.signing interventions and.innovative approaches to ad.ress the stated.*** stud. explores the potential d.sparities in cancer survival rates and.clinical trial enrollments in rural and.urban breast and.lung cancer *** hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and.higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural ***:We compared.breast and.lung cancer patients’survival rates and.enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and.urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these d.fferences,we carried.out a series of ind.pend.nt samples t-tests and.Chi-Square ***:The outcomes ind.cate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and.urban counties for breast and.lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our *** clinical trial enrollment rates d.monstrated.a significant d.fference between breast and.lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed.based.on rural or urban ***:These find.ngs und.rscore the need.for further research into the representation of rural patients with d.verse cancer types at CCC and.other cancer ***,the find.ngs have consid.rable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and.red.ce cancer survival d.sparities.

关键词： Cancer Cancer survival rates Clinical trial enrollment Rural patients Health d.sparities Barriers to clinical trial participation Geographic d.sparities

A matter of time： Temporal variation in the introd.ction history and.population genetic structuring of an invasive lizard

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 456-464页

作者： HalmahMOULE Kirilee CHAPLIN rebecca d. BRAY Kimberly A. MILLER Michael B. THOMSON d.vid.G. CHAPPLE School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia d.partment of Sciences Museum Victoria Victoria 3001 Australia School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and.Evolution School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6140 New Zealand

Invasive species are consid.red.one of the greatest threats to native ecosystems, second.only to habitat loss and.frag- mentation. d.spite this, the temporal d.namics of invasions are poorly und.rstood. with most stud.es focusing on a single time point, provid.ng us with only a snapshot of the biology and.genetics of the invad.r. We investigated.the invasion of Lord.Howe Island.by the d.licate skink Lampropholis d.licata and.assessed.the introd.ction history and.genetic structure of this species over a 5-year period. Using genetic d.ta taken from 2007, and.again in 2011/12, we examined.changes in the population genetic struc- ture （whether new haplotypes had.been introd.ced.to the island. and.shifts in haplotype frequencies） of the species on the island.between these two time points. No new haplotypes were introd.ced.to the island.between 2007 and.2011/12; however, significant shifts in haplotype frequencies across the island.were d.tected. We conclud. that the d.licate skink is expand.ng its range into the southern regions of the island.and.that the haplotype frequencies on Lord.Howe Island.are still in a state of highly d.namic flux. Our stud. highlights the importance of consid.ring invasions as d.namic and.stud.ing them in such a way that enable us to better manage their impacts

关键词： Biological invasion Genetic ad.ixture Lampropholis d.licata Lord.Howe Island Population genetics,Unintentional introd.ction

Seeing red. color vision in the largemouth bass

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa d. MiTCHEM Shannon Stanis Muchu Zhou Ellis LoEw John M. Epifanio rebecca C. Fuller d.partment of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA d.partment of Biomed.cal Sciences and.Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to und.rstand.ng important ecological behaviors, such as pred.tion, foraging, and.mating. This stud. focuses on the visual system properties and.visual perception of color in the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoid.s. This stud. (1) d.cuments the number and.spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these parameters to mod.l visual perception, and.(3) tests the mod.l of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin cone cells maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and.rod.cells maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple mod.l of visual perception pred.cted.that bass should.not be able to d.scern between chartreuse yellow and.white nor between green and.blue. In contrast, bass should.be able to d.scern red.from all achromatic (i.e., gray scale) stimuli. These pred.ctions were partially upheld.in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained.to recognize a target color to receive a food.reward. and.then tested.on their ability to d.fferentiate between their target color and.a color similar in brightness. Bass trained.to red.and.green could.easily d.scern their training color from all other colors for target colors that were similar in brightness (white and.black, respectively). This stud. shows that bass possess d.chromatic vision and.d. use chromatic (i.e., color) cues in making visual-based.d.cisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rod. vision

Impaired.lysosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium play a central role in the d.generation of the neuroretina

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2697-2698页

作者： rebecca d.Miller J.Arjuna Ratnayaka Clinical and.Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Lysosomes are highly d.namic, single membranebound.compartments that are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. These organelles, which appear to vary between 200 nm–1 μm in d.ameter, originate from the maturation of end.cytic vesicles and.via the enrichment of newly synthesized.lysosomal proteins in the trans-Golgi network.

关键词： critical d.namic d.generation

The Art of Estimating a Moving Parameter and.Red.cing Bias Introd.ced.by Inflated.Measurements in Stud.nt Assessments

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2018年第1期8卷 27-41页

作者： R. d. wooten d. Jelsovsky R. Back J. d.And.ea Florid. Southern College Lakeland FL USA University of South Florid.-Sarasota/Manatee Sarasota FL USA

In this paper, we d.scuss the art of estimating the greatest level of und.rstand.ng obtained.by a stud.nt based.on five assessment types ranked.based.on their correlation between the set maximum levels of und.rstand.ng. The results show a weighting system yield. a point estimate that has a stronger correlation between the preset levels of und.rstand.ng than a simple point system.

关键词： Statistical Evaluations Mean Proportions Pooled Proportions Grad.ng Schemes