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Primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第3期14卷 331-337页

作者： rebecca Saich Roger Chapman The Department of Gastroenterology The John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way Headington Oxford Oxfordshire OX3 9DU United Kingdom

Primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC） is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by chronic inflammation and stricture formation of the biliary tree. Symptoms include itch and lethargy and in advanced cases cholangitis and end-stage liver disease, however increasing numbers of asymptomatic individuals are being identified. The disease is rare in the general population but is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） affecting up to 5% of patients with Ulcerative Colitis, with a slightly lower prevalence （up to 3.6%） in Crohns disease. The strength of this association means that the vast majority （〉 90%） of patients with PSC also have IBD, although many may have only mild gastro-intestinal symptoms. Usually IBD presents before PSC, although vice-versa can occur and the onset of both conditions can be separated in some cases by many years. Mean age of diagnosis of PSC is in the fitch decade of life with a strong male predominance. Risk is increased in those with a family history of PSC, suggesting a genetic predisposition and the disease is almost exclusive to non-smokers. The ulcerative colitis associated with PSC is characteristically mild, runs a quiescent course, is associated with rectal sparing, more severe right sided disease, backwash ilieitis and has a high risk of pouchitis post-colectomy. Most worrisome is the high risk of colorectal malignancy which necessitates routine colonoscopic surveillance. Cholangiocarcinoma is also a frequent complication of PSC with a 10%-15% lifetime risk of developing this condition. Treatment with high dose ursodeoxycholic acid offers some chemoprotective effects against colorectal malignancy and may decrease symptoms, biochemical and histological progression of liver disease. Small duct PSC patients characteristically have normal cholangiography, and liver biopsy is required for diagnosis, it appears to have a more favourable prognosis. Autoimmune Hepatitis （AIH） is also more prevalent

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Autoimmunehepatitis Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Crohns disease Ulcerative colitis

Do males choose their mates in the lekking moth Achroia grisella？ Influence of female body mass and male reproductive status on male mate choice

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 861-868页

作者： Marlene Goubault rebecca Burlaud Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS-Universite Francois-Rabelais Tours France

Lekking males aggregate to attract females and contribute solely to egg fer- tilization, without any further parental care. Evolutionary theory therefore predicts them to be nonchoosy toward their mates, because any lost mating opportunities would out- weigh the benefits associated with such preferences. Nevertheless, due to time costs, the production of energetically costly sexual displays, and potential sperm limitation, the mat- ing effort of lekking males is often considerable. These factors, combined with the fact that many females of varying quality are likely to visit leks, could favor the evolution of male mate preferences. Here, we show that males of the lekking lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, were indeed more likely to mate with heavier females in choice experiments, even at their virgin mating （i.e., when their reproductive resources have not yet been depleted by previous matings）. This differential female mating success could not be attributed to female behavior as heavy and light females showed similar motivation to mate （i.e., la- tency to approach the males） and time to copulate. Males seem to benefit from mating with heavier females, as fecundity positively correlated with female mass. This new em- pirical evidence shows that male mate choice may have been tmderestimated in lekking species

关键词： fecundity lek lesser wax moth mate choice mating status sexual behavior

Last electroweak WIMP standing: pseudo-dirac higgsino status and compact stars as future probes

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第4期42卷 117-134页

作者： rebecca Krall Matthew Reece Department of Physics Harvard University

Electroweak WIMPs are under intense scrutiny from direct detection, indirect detection, and collider experiments. Nonetheless the pure（pseudo-Dirac） higgsino, one of the simplest such WIMPs, remains elusive. We present an up-to-date assessment of current experimental constraints on neutralino dark matter. The strongest bound on pure higgsino dark matter currently may arise from AMS-02 measurements of antiprotons, though the interpretation of these results has sizable uncertainty. We discuss whether future astrophysical observations could offer novel ways to test higgsino dark matter, especially in the challenging regime with order Me V mass splitting between the two neutral higgsinos. We find that heating of white dwarfs by annihilation of higgsinos captured via inelastic scattering could be one useful probe, although it will require challenging observations of distant dwarf galaxies or a convincing case to be made for substantial dark matter content in ω Cen, a globular cluster that may be a remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy. White dwarfs and neutron stars give a target for astronomical observations that could eventually help to close the last, most difficult corner of parameter space for dark matter with weak interactions.

关键词： dark matter higgsino supersymmetry

Update on nutritional status,body composition and growth in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3191-3197页

作者： rebecca J Hill Children’s Nutrition Research Centre Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute The University of QueenslandHerston School of Medicine The University of QueenslandHerston

Growth and nutritional status are important issues in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).While linear growth is easy to assess,nutritional status is more complicated,with reports often compromised by the use of simple measures,such as weight and the body mass index,to assess nutritional status rather than more appropriate and sophisticated techniques to measure body *** review is an update on what is currently known about nutritional status as determined by body composition in paediatric ***,this review will focus on the impact of biologics on growth in paediatric *** lean mass deficits have been reported in children with IBD compared with controls,and there is evidence these deficits persist over ***,data imply that gender differences exist in body composition,both at diagnosis and in response to *** respect to growth improvements following treatment with biologics,there are conflicting *** some studies report enhancement of growth,others do *** relationship between disease severity,impaired growth and the requirement for biologics needs to be considered when interpreting these ***,key features associated with improvements in growth appear to be successful clinical response to treatment,patients in early stages of puberty,and the presence of growth failure at the onset of treatment.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Lean mass, Pubertal status, Infliximab, Inflammatory bowel disease

Intracranial pressure is elevated at 24h post-stroke inmice

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 60-64页

作者： Kirby E.Warren rebecca J.Hood Fredrick R.Walker Neil J.Spratt School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Hunter Medical Research Institute NewLambton HeightsAustralia School of Biomedicine Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewLambton HeightsAustralia

Background:It has long been assumed that post-stroke intracranial pressure(ICP)elevation occurs because of large infarct and edema ***,we have repeatedly shown IcP elevation at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of little to no edema in *** processes are often conserved across species and types of ***,we aimed to determine if an ICP rise occurs at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of small infarct and edema volumes in ***:Mice were randomized by random number table to either photothrombotic stroke or sham surgery(n=15).Epidural ICP was recorded using a fiber optic catheter at 1 h post-stroke(baseline)and between 23 and ***:ICP was significantly higher at 24 h compared to baseline in stroke animals(n=6;10.71±6.45mmHg vs.3.74±2.20mmHg,respec-tively;p=0.03).ICP at 24 h was also significantly higher in stroke mice compared to sham(n=6;3.45±1.43mmHg;p=0.02).There was no change in ICP in sham mice(p=0.9).Edema volumes in stroke animals were small(0.04±0.04 mm3)and unlikely to have caused significant ICP ***:This study provides evidence of an edema-independent ICP elevation following small ischemic stroke in *** occurrence of this rise supports our findings in other species and suggests it is caused by a previously undescribed mechanism.

关键词： cerebraledema intracranial pressure ischemic stroke

Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： rebecca Poisson Adam G.Yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of Nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

Integration between Genomic and Computational Statistical Surveys for the Screening of SNP Genetic Variants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Pediatric Patients*

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2024年第3期14卷 146-191页

作者： Dago Dougba Noel Koffi N’Guessan Bénédicte Sonia Dagnogo Olefongo Daramcoum Wentoin Alimata Marie-Pierre Mauro Giacomelli Dagnogo Dramane Eboulé Ago Eliane rebecca Yao Saraka Didier Martial Diarrassouba Nafan Giovanni Malerba Raffaele Badolato Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Brescia Italy Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine Childrens Hospital ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy Unit of Biostatistics and Biomathematics & Unit of Bioinformatics Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy Biological Sciences Training and Research Unit Department of Genetic and Biochemistry Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Cte dIvoire Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Section of Biology and Genetics University of Verona Verona Italy Biosciences Training and Research Unit Biology and Health Laboratory Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex multifactorial disorders that include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Considering that IBD is a genetic and multifactorial disease, we screened for the distribution dynamism of IBD pathogenic genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms;SNPs) and risk factors in four (4) IBD pediatric patients, by integrating both clinical exome sequencing and computational statistical approaches, aiming to categorize IBD patients in CD and UC phenotype. To this end, we first aligned genomic read sequences of these IBD patients to hg19 human genome by using bowtie 2 package. Next, we performed genetic variant calling analysis in terms of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for genes covered by at least 20 read genomic sequences. Finally, we checked for biological and genomic functions of genes exhibiting statistically significant genetic variant (SNPs) by introducing Fitcon genomic parameter. Findings showed Fitcon parameter as normalizing IBD patient’s population variability, as well as inducing a relative good clustering between IBD patients in terms of CD and UC phenotypes. Genomic analysis revealed a random distribution of risk factors and as well pathogenic SNPs genetic variants in the four IBD patient’s genome, claiming to be involved in: i) Metabolic disorders, ii) Autoimmune deficiencies;iii) Crohn’s disease pathways. Integration of genomic and computational statistical analysis supported a relative genetic variability regarding IBD patient population by processing IBD pathogenic SNP genetic variants as opposite to IBD risk factor variants. Interestingly, findings clearly allowed categorizing IBD patients in CD and UC phenotypes by applying Fitcon parameter in selecting IBD pathogenic genetic variants. Considering as a whole, the study suggested the efficiency of integrating clinical exome sequencing and computational statistical tools as a right approach in discriminating IBD phenotypes as well as improvi

关键词： Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Crohn Disease (CD) Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Clinical Exome Analysis Computational Statistic SNP Genetic Variants

Nanoparticles for targeted cancer radiotherapy

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2887-2897页

作者： Roger M.Pallares rebecca J.Abergel Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Radiotherapy,where ionizing radiation is locally delivered either through an external beam or by surgically implanting radionuclide-based seeds in the tumor,is one of the gold standard treatments for *** to the non-selective nature of radiation,healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous region is usually affected by the ***,new strategies,including targeted alpha therapy,are being studied to improve the selectivity of the treatment and minimize side *** challenges,however,limit the current development of targeted radiotherapy,such as the functionalization of the therapeutic agent with targeting vectors and controlling the release of recoiling *** offer unique opportunities as drug delivery vehicles,since they are biocompatible,enhance the cellular uptake of drugs,and are easily functionalized with targeting *** this review,we examine how nanoparticles can be used for targeted radiotherapy,either as sensitizers of external beams or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic *** describe the clinical relevance of different types of nanoparticles,followed by an analysis of how these nanoconstructs can solve some of the main limitations of conventional ***,we critically discuss the current situation of nanoparticle-based radiotherapy in clinical settings and challenges that need to be overcome in the future for further development of the field.

关键词： radiotherapy targeted cancer radiotherapy nanoparticles cancer targeted alpha therapy external beam

Simulated perturbation in the sea-to-air flux of dimethylsulfi de and the impact on polar climate

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 110-121页

作者： Bo QU Albert JGABRIC rebecca JACKSON School of Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226219China School of Environment and Science Griffi th UniversityBrisbane 4111QLDAustralia

Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar *** used a global climate model(GCM)to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS fl ux to that which has been projected for the late 21 st *** perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO 2,which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission *** changes in zonal mean DMS fl ux were applied to 50°S–70°S Antarctic(ANT)and 65°N–80°N Arctic(ARC)*** results indicate that there are clearly diff erent impacts after perturbation in the southern and northern polar *** quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ***,most sulfur compounds have higher peaks in *** perturbation in DMS fl ux leads to an increase of atmospheric DMS of about 45%in ANT and 33.6%in *** sulfur dioxide(SO 2)vertical integral increases around 43%in ANT and 7.5%in ***(SO 4)vertical integral increases by 17%in ANT and increases around 6%in *** emissions increases by 21%in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ***,oxidation of DMS by OH increases by 38.2%in ARC and by 15.17%in *** optical depth(AOD)increases by 4%in the ARC and by 17.5%in the ANT,and increases by 22.8%in austral *** importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ***,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher off setting eff ect on warming after DMS fl ux perturbation.

关键词： dimethylsulfi de(DMS) sulfur dioxide DMS sea-to-air fl ux perturbation global climate model(GCM) polar region