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Genetic ba.is for body size va.ia.ion between a. a.a.romous a.d two derived la.ustrine popula.ions of threespine stickleba.k Ga.terosteus a.ulea.us in southwest a.a.ka

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： Ella.BOWLES rebecca a. johnston Stevi L. Va.DERZWa. Sea. M. ROGERS Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a.highly va.ia.le tra.t a.ong geogra.hica.ly sepa.a.ed popula.ions. Size-a.sorta.ive reproductive isola.ion ha. been linked to recent a.a.tive ra.ia.ions of threespine stickleba.k () into freshwa.er, but the genetic ba.is of the commonly found size difference between a.a.romous a.d derived la.ustrine stickleba.ks ha. not been tested. We studied the genetic ba.is of size differences between recently diverging stickleba.k linea.es in southwest a.a.ka.using a.common environment experiment. We crossed stickleba.k within one a.a.romous (Na.nek River) a.d one la.e (Pringle La.e) popula.ion a.d between the a.a.romous a.d two la.e popula.ions (Pringle a.d JoJo La.es), a.d ra.sed them in a.sa.inity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 a.a.romous a.d freshwa.er forms differed significa.tly in size, wherea. hybrids were intermedia.e or exhibited domina.ce towa.d the a.a.romous form. a.ditiona.ly, the size of freshwa.er F1s differed from their wild counterpa.ts, with within-popula.ion F1s from Pringle La.e growing la.ger tha. their wild counterpa.ts, while there wa. no size difference between la.-ra.sed a.d wild a.a.romous fish. Sexua. dimorphism wa. a.wa.s present in a.a.romous fish, but not in freshwa.er, a.d not a.wa.s in the hybrid crosses. These results, a.ong with pa.a.lel cha.ges a.ong a.a.romous a.d freshwa.er forms in other regions, suggest tha. this herita.le tra.t is both pla.tic a.d ma. be under divergent a.d/or sexua. selection.

关键词：遗传基础车身尺寸阿拉斯加西南部鱼类变异种群遗传性状

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The Fa.e of a.la.oxin in Corn Fermenta.ion

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Na.ura. Resources 2012年第3期3卷 126-136页

作者： C. Ia. johnston rebecca Singleterry Cedric Reid Da.rell Spa.ks a.hli Brown Bria. Ba.dwin Stepha.ie Hill Wa.d W. Pa.l Willia.s Corn Host Pla.t Resista.ce Resea.ch Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Washington DC USA Depa.tment of a.ima. a.d Da.ry Science Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Depa.tment of Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Depa.tment of Pla.t a.d Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA

a.la.-sca.e etha.ol fermenta.ion wa. investiga.ed to determine where a.la.oxin concentra.ed during ea.h pha.e of production. Four corn sa.ples with high levels of a.la.oxin (ra.ging from 7750 – 17,208 pa.ts per billion) a.d their replica.es were compa.ed with a.replica.ed nega.ive control. Fra.tions were ta.en from the fermented ma.h, distilled etha.ol, stilla.e, a.d dried corn solids (DCS). These fra.tions were a.a.yzed using two different immunoa.sa. methods a.d liquid chroma.ogra.hy ta.dem ma.s spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indica.ed no a.la.oxin wa. found in the distilled etha.ol. Some a.la.oxin (13%) wa. detected in the stilla.e, but most of the toxin wa. recovered in the DCSs ra.ging from 31% to 58%. a.second series of experiments were conducted to investiga.e the effect of binders on dried distillers gra.ns (DDGs). a.brewers dried yea.t a.ti-ca.ing binder tha. conta.ns glucoma.non (MTB-100?), wa. mixed with conta.ina.ed DDGs. a.dition of the binder showed a.significa.t reduction in a.la.oxin levels in compa.ison to a.positive control. a.la.oxin binding a. 2% binder w/w rea.hed 72.5% a.d showed a.minima. binding percenta.e increa.e of 80% a. 6% binder w/w. Testing wa. a.so conducted to determine if environmenta. va.ia.les such a. pH a.d tempera.ure ha. a.y effect on the binding ca.a.ilities. Tempera.ure nea. 0?C resulted in binding a. 19.7% a. a.pH ra.ge of 6 to 8. a.ditiona.ly, a. a.tempera.ure of 40?C resulted in binding of 36%, 47%, a.d 45% a. pHs 6, 7, a.d 8, respectively. These findings suggest tha. the a.dition of sorbents ma. be a. effective wa. of sa.va.ing conta.ina.ed DDGs.

关键词： LC-MS/MS Etha.ol Immunoa.sa. Distillers Gra.ns Binders

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