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Evaluation of Pedestrian–Train Fatalities in the State of Maryland: A 5‑Year Retrospective Study

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2020年第4期6卷 135-139页

作者： Elvira Carias Claire Hammerschmidt Taylor Hall Xiang Zhang rebecca phipps Ling Li Office of the Chief Medical Examiner State of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA Master of Science in Forensic Medicine Program Graduate Schoolat University of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMarylandUSA

Few studies have been done on the incidences of train-related pedestrian fatalities throughout the United States,with no previous studies reported in the State of Maryland.A retrospective study was conducted at the statewide medical examiner’s office in Maryland to evaluate the characteristics of train-related pedestrian fatalities from 2014 to *** aim of the study was to analyze circumstances of deaths through the medicolegal death investigation and postmortem examination findings,including toxicological study,to help identify epidemiological characteristics of pedestrian–train‑related fatalities.A total of 48 pedestrian-train deaths were *** the 48 cases identified,21 deaths(43.75%)were determined to be accident,20 deaths(41.67%)were suicide,and 7 deaths(14.58%)whose manner of death could not be *** the 21 accidental victims,17 were male and 4 were female(M:F ratio=4.3:1),11(52.38%)were white,6(28.57%)African American,and 4 Hispanic(19.05%),with age ranging from 16 to 58 years(mean age=35).Of the 20 suicide victims,17 were males and 3 females(M:F ratio=5.7:1),16(80%)were white,2(10%)African American,and 2(10%)Hispanic,with age ranging from 22 to 60 years(mean age=40).The majority of accidents occurred during weekday evening rush hours between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm,while the suicides showed no specific time *** specific peak for seasons of year was found in suicides or *** toxicological studies showed that 52.38%(11/21 cases)of accidental victims were positive for alcohol and 30%(6/20 cases)of suicide victims were positive for *** of death could not be determined in 7 cases because of unclear circumstances of *** death scene investigation and complete postmortem examination,including comprehensive toxicological testing,is very important in all train-related pedestrian *** the manner of death can directly affect the outcome of civil ligation and dispersal of insurance ***

关键词： Pedestrian train accident suicide forensic investigation

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Characteristics of Suicides Caused by Drug Overdose in the State of Maryland

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 38-42页

作者： Ling Li Xinbiao Liao Guozhong Zhang Daming Sun Tiantong Yang Keming Yun rebecca phipps Xiang Zhang Mary G Ripple David Fowler Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Institute of Evidence Science and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science China University of Political Science and LawBeijing Department and Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department of Forensic Pathology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang Center of Forensic Science East China University of Political Science and LawShanghai Department of Forensic Medicine Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina Division of Forensic Pathology University of MarylandSchool of MedicineMarylandUSA

Suicidal drug overdose is a major public health *** the United States,every year more than 33,000 people commit *** study focused on the characteristics of suicide victims in the state of *** and methods:This study was a retrospective review of autopsy cases of all suicide deaths caused by drug(s)or drug(s)with alcohol intoxication investigated by the OCME in Maryland over a 7-year period from January 2004 to December *** deaths investigated by the OCME that require autopsy examination are subject to comprehensive toxicology testing for drugs and *** screen tests were performed using gas chromatography(GC)and radioimmunoassay *** detected drugs and/or metabolites were confirmed using GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results:From 2004 to 2011,434 deaths were certified as *** the 434 suicidal overdose deaths,84%were white,11%were African-American,and about 5%were either Hispanic or *** male and female ratio was almost *** ages ranged 15-82 *** the 434 suicidal drug overdose deaths,277 victims(63.8%)consumed a single drug type and 157(36.2%)consumed more than one type of *** the 277 single-drug overdose cases,71.1%suicides were due to prescription drugs,23.5%due to over-the-counter drugs,and 5.4%due to street/recreational *** single-type prescription drugs,analgesic(N=76),antidepressant(N=45),and neuroleptic(N=35)classes were the three leading type of drugs used in suicidal ***,morphine,quetiapine,and amitriptyline were the most common prescription drugs in suicidal *** was the leading over-the-counter *** the 157 victims who consumed more than one drug,combined prescription drugs were present in 54.1%,mixed prescription and overthe-counter drugs in 29.3%,and prescription drugs/over-the-counter drugs and street drugs in 16.6%of *** the multiple-drug overdose suicides,66.2%cases involved ***:Suicide is found in every age,

关键词： Antidepressants drug overdose epidemiology forensic autopsy forensic science suicide opioid analgesics toxicology

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