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Genotype×year interaction of pod and seed mass and stability of Pongamia pinnata families in a semi-arid region

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1333-1346页

作者： G.R.Rao B.Sarkar B.m.K.Raju P.Sathi Reddy A.V.m.Subba Rao Jessie rebecca ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture SantoshnagarHyderabadTelangana State 500059India Tropical Forest Research Institute(TFRI) Indian Council of Forestry Research&EducationMinistry of EnvironmentForest&Climate ChangeGovt.of IndiaJabalpur 482021India

Sixteen pongamia families were evaluated in a field experiment for eight consecutive years in dryland conditions to identify stable,high-yielding *** trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three *** family,consisting of nine trees per replication,was planted at a spacing of3 m x 3 *** stability was analyzed using(1)Eberhart and Russel’s regression coefficient(β_i)and deviation from regression(S_d^2),(2)Wrike’s ecovalence(W_i);(3)Shukla stability variance(σ_i^2);and(4)Piepho and Lotito’s stability index(L_i).Families were also analyzed for adaptability and stability using AmmI and GGE biplots graphical *** study revealed significant variances due to family and family x year interaction for pod and seed *** performed differently and ranked differently across *** performance of families was influenced by both genetic factor and environmental conditions in different *** families tested,TNmP20,Acc14,TNmP14 and Acc30 were high yielders for pods,and Acc14,Acc30,TNmP6,RAK19 and TNmP14 were high for seed *** to the Eberhart and Russell model,Acc30,TNmP14 and TNmP3 were stable across *** the graphical view of family x year interaction based on AmmI methods,TNmP3,TNmP4 and TNmP14 had greater stability with moderate seed yield,and Acc14 and Acc30 had moderate stability with high seed *** the other hand,GGE biplots revealed Acc14,Acc30 and TNmP14 as high yielders with moderate *** and GGE biplots were able to capture nonlinear parts of the family x year interaction that were not be captured by the Eberhart and Russel model while also identifying stable *** on different methodologies,Acc14,Acc30 and TNmP14 were identified as high yielding and stable families for promoting pongamia cultivation as a biofuel crop for semi-arid regions.

关键词： Biofuel Pongamia Genetic diversity Stability AmmI (additive main effects multiplicative interaction) GGE biplots multi-year trial SVD(singular value decomposition)

Seeing red: color vision in the largemouth bass

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa D. miTCHEm Shannon Stanis muchu Zhou Ellis LoEw John m. Epifanio rebecca C. Fuller Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to understanding important ecological behaviors, such as predation, foraging, and mating. This study focuses on the visual system properties and visual perception of color in the largemouth bass micropterus salmoides. This study (1) documents the number and spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these parameters to model visual perception, and (3) tests the model of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin cone cells maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and rod cells maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple model of visual perception predicted that bass should not be able to discern between chartreuse yellow and white nor between green and blue. In contrast, bass should be able to discern red from all achromatic (i.e., gray scale) stimuli. These predictions were partially upheld in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained to recognize a target color to receive a food reward, and then tested on their ability to differentiate between their target color and a color similar in brightness. Bass trained to red and green could easily discern their training color from all other colors for target colors that were similar in brightness (white and black, respectively). This study shows that bass possess dichromatic vision and do use chromatic (i.e., color) cues in making visual-based decisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rods vision

Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： rebecca K Grant William m Brindle mhairi C Donnelly Pauline m mcConville Thomas G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri John N Plevris The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact onan individual’s quality of life. Comorbidities are high amongst patients and lifeexpectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to reviewthe literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were performed on Pubmed to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetamol overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be *** is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to latediagnosis and increased mortality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with *** levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential toensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease mental health

Teaching and learning in STEm

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Teaching and learning in STEM

A survey of high resolution image processing techniques for cereal crop growth monitoring

作者： (1939-)Felder Richard m. (1956-)Brent rebecca

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 300-315页

作者： Sanaz Rasti Chris J.Bleakley N.m.Holden rebecca Whetton David Langton Gregory O’Hare School of Computer Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinDublinIreland Origin Enterprises plc DublinIreland

This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.

关键词： Crop canopy cover Above ground biomass Leaf area index Chlorophyll content Growth stage Cereal image processing

Targeted genotyping for the prediction of celiac disease autoimmunity development in patients with type 1 diabetes and their family members

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第3期10卷 189-199页

作者： maureen m Leonard Stephanie Camhi Victoria Kenyon rebecca A Betensky Craig Sturgeon Shu Yan Alessio Fasano mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center Mass General Hospital for Children Boston MA 02115 United States Center for Celiac Research and Treatment Mass General Hospital for Children Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Mass General Hospital for Children Boston MA 02114 United States Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 United States

BACKGROUND Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) have an increased risk of developing celiac disease (CD) compared to the general population. This is largely explained by the shared association with major histocompatibility class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and/or DQ8 between the two disease states. AIm To describe the frequency of CD autoimmunity (CDA) and the distribution of HLA and haptoglobin genotypes in patients with T1D and their FDRs. Additionally, we aimed at identifying predictors associated with an increased risk of developing CDA in patients with T1D and their family members. mETHODS We obtained clinical information and blood samples from 1027 participants (302 with T1D and 725 FDRs) over a five-year period. Samples were tested for autoantibodies associated with CD, HLA-DQ alleles, and haptoglobin *** fit univariate and multiple logistic regression models for CDA separately for subjects with T1D and for FDRs of subjects with T1D. RESULTS Implementation of a screening program increased the frequency of CDA by 2- fold in participants with T1D and 2.8-fold in their FDRs. multivariate analysis found that, in participants with T1D, having both DR7-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 was associated with an increased frequency of CDA. In FDRs of T1D patients, reported CD in the family was associated with an increased frequency of CDA during screening. Haptoglobin 2 genotype was not associated with developing CDA in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with T1D and their FDRs have a high frequency of CDA. Carrying both DR7-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 was associated with development of CDA in patients with T1D.

关键词： Screening Gluten Diabetic Coeliac Haptoglobin Human leukocyte antigen

Asymmetric reinforcement in Lucania killifish:assessing reproductive isolation when both sexes choose

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 215-224页

作者： michelle E.ST.JOHN rebecca C.FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of liois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Reinforcement can occur when maladaptive hybridization in sympatry favors the evolution of con-specific preferences and target traits that promote behav ioral isolation(BI).In many systems,enhanced BI is due to increased female preference for *** others,BI is driven by male preference,and in other systems both sexes exert *** of these patterns can be atributed to classic sex-specific costs and benefits of ***,sex differences in conspecific preference can emerge due to asymmetric postzygotic isolation(e.g.,hybrid offspring from female A × male B have lower fitness than hybrid offspring from female B × male A),which can lead to asymmetric BI(e.g.,female A and male B are less likely to mate than female B and male A).Understanding reinforcement requires understanding how conspecific preferences evolve in ***,estimating conspecific preferences can be difficult when both sexes are *** this study,we use Lucania killifish to test the hypothesis that patterns of reinforcement are driven by asymmetric postzygotic isolation between *** true,we predicted that sympatric female Lucania goodei and sympatric male *** should have lower levels of BI compared with their sympatric counterparts,as they produce hybrid offspring with the highest *** address the problem of measuring BI when both sexes are choosy,we inferred the contribution to BI of each partner using assays where one sex in the mating pair comes from an allopatric population with potentially low preference,whereas the other comes from a sympatric population with high *** one hybrid cross direction,we found that both female *** and male *** have high contributions to BI in *** the other hybrid cross direction,we found that only female *** contribute to *** male *** readily engaged in hybrid spawnings with allo-patric *** *** results indicate that both asymmetric postzygotic isolation

关键词： reinforcement behavioral isolatin female mate choice male mate choice asymmetric costs to hybridization

Epidemiology andinteractions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-SaharanAfrica

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 6-16页

作者： Humphrey D mazigo Fred Nuwaha Shona Wilson Safari m Kinunghi Domenica morona rebecca Waihenya Jorg Heukelbach David W Dunne Department of medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCathollc University of Health and Aled SclencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzanla Department of Environmental Health and Communicable Disease Control School of Public HealthCollege of Health SclencesMakerere UniversiyP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda National Institute for medical.Research Mwanza Research CentreP.Q.Box 1462MwanzaTanzanla Department of Pathology University of CambidgeTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21OPUK Department of Zoology Faculty of SclenceJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyP.O.Box ***NairobiKenya Department of Community Health School of MedicineFederal University of CearaCearaBail

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/AIDS and Schis tosoma mansoni are widespread in sub Saharan Africa and co-infection occurs *** the early 1990s,it has been suggested that the two infections may interact and potentiate the effects of each other within co-infected human ***,S mansoni infection has been suggested to be a risk factor for HIV transmission and progression in *** so,it would follow that mass deworming could have beneficial effects on HIV-1 transmission *** epidemiology of HIV in African countries is changing,shifting from urban to rural areas where the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is high and public health services are *** the other side,the consequent pathogenesis of HIV-1/*** co-infection remains *** we give an account of the epidemiology of HIV-1 and ***,discuss co-infection and possible biological causal relationships between the two infections,and the potential impact of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 viral loads,CD4^(+) counts and CD4^(+)/CD8^(+) *** review of the available literature indicates that there is evidence to support the hypothesis that *** infections can influence the replication of the HIV-1,cel-to-cell transmission,as well as increase HIV progression as measured by reduced CD4^(+) T lymphocytes *** so,then deworming of HIV positive individuals living in endemic areas may impact on HV-1 viral loads and CD4^(+) T lymphocyte counts.

关键词： Schitosoma mansoni HIV-1 Co-infections Immunological interactions Deworming

NOD2 and ATG16L1 polymorphisms affect monocyte responses in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2829-2837页

作者： Dylan m Glubb Richard B Gearry murray L Barclay rebecca L Roberts John Pearson Jacqui I Keenan Judy mcKenzie Robert W Bentley Department of medicine University of ChicagoIL 60637-1470United States Department of medicine University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Surgery University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Haematology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand

AIm： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （mAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients mETHODS： monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and ATG16L1, monocytes were challenged with mAP and bacterial per- sistence assessed at subsequent time-points. Cytokine responses were assayed using a milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 cytokines. RESULTS： monooltes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism （R702W, P268S, or 1007fs） were more permissive for growth of mAP （P = 0.045） than those without. There was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine expression. The T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 did not affect growth of mAP in our model （P = 0.175）, but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin （IL）-10 （P = 0.047） and IL-6 （P = 0.019）. CONCLUSION： CD-associated polymorphisms affected the eliminaUon of mAP from ex v/vo monooltes （NOD2）, or expression of certain oltokines （ATG16LI）, implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosis Cytokine CARD15 Autophagy