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Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： rebecca k grant William M Brindle Mhairi C Donnelly Pauline M McConville Thomas G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri John N Plevris The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact onan individual’s quality of life. Comorbidities are high amongst patients and lifeexpectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to reviewthe literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were performed on PubMed to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetamol overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be *** is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to latediagnosis and increased mortality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with *** levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential toensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease Mental health

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Association of physical activity with risk of chronic kidney disease in China:A population-based cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 204-211页

作者： kexiang Shi Yunqing Zhu Jun Lv Dianjianyi Sun Pei Pei Huaidong Du Yiping Chen Ling Yang Bing Han rebecca Stevens Junshi Chen Zhengming Chen Liming Li Canqing Yu China kadoorie Biobank collaborative group Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness&Response Beijing 100191China key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100191China Clinical Trial Service Unit&Epidemiological Studies Unit(CTSU) Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37LFUK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford Oxford OX37LFUK NCDs Prevention and Control Department Henan Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhengzhou 450016China China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Beijing 100022China 不详

Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CkD)is *** aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CkD and its subtypes in ***:The study included 475,376 adults from the China kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at *** interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on *** regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CkD ***:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CkD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DkD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)*** PA was inversely associated with CkD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CkD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest *** results were observed for risk of DkD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DkD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN *** nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CkD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,***:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CkD,including DkD,HTN,and other CkD,and such associations were dose dependent.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Domain Intensity Physical activity

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Intracranial pressure is elevated at 24h post-stroke inmice

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 60-64页

作者： kirby E.Warren rebecca J.Hood Fredrick R.Walker Neil J.Spratt School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Hunter Medical Research Institute NewLambton HeightsAustralia School of Biomedicine Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewLambton HeightsAustralia

Background:It has long been assumed that post-stroke intracranial pressure(ICP)elevation occurs because of large infarct and edema ***,we have repeatedly shown IcP elevation at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of little to no edema in *** processes are often conserved across species and types of ***,we aimed to determine if an ICP rise occurs at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of small infarct and edema volumes in ***:Mice were randomized by random number table to either photothrombotic stroke or sham surgery(n=15).Epidural ICP was recorded using a fiber optic catheter at 1 h post-stroke(baseline)and between 23 and ***:ICP was significantly higher at 24 h compared to baseline in stroke animals(n=6;10.71±6.45mmHg vs.3.74±2.20mmHg,respec-tively;p=0.03).ICP at 24 h was also significantly higher in stroke mice compared to sham(n=6;3.45±1.43mmHg;p=0.02).There was no change in ICP in sham mice(p=0.9).Edema volumes in stroke animals were small(0.04±0.04 mm3)and unlikely to have caused significant ICP ***:This study provides evidence of an edema-independent ICP elevation following small ischemic stroke in *** occurrence of this rise supports our findings in other species and suggests it is caused by a previously undescribed mechanism.

关键词： cerebraledema intracranial pressure ischemic stroke

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Aetiology of extracranial carotid free-floating thrombus in a prospective multicentre cohort

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 194-196,I0005页

作者： Dar Dowlatshahi Cheemun Lum Bijoy k Menon Aditya Bharatha Prasham Dave Paulo Puac-Polanco Dylan Blacquiere grant Stotts Michel Shamy Franco Momoli rebecca Thornhill Ronda Lun Carlos Torres Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Clinical Epidemiology Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Department of Radiology University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Departments of Clinical Neurosciences Radiology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada

Background Carotid free-floating thrombi(FFT)in patients with acute transient ischaemic attack(TIA)/stroke have a high risk of early recurrent *** depends on aetiology,which can include local plaque rupture,dissection,coagulopathy,malignancy and *** objectives were to classify the underlying aetiology of FFT and to estimate the proportion of patients with underlying stenosis requiring *** We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients presenting to three comprehensive stroke centres with acute TIA/stroke and ipsilateral internal carotid artery *** aetiology of FFT was classified as:carotid atherosclerotic disease,carotid dissection,cardioembolism,both carotid atherosclerosis and cardioembolism,or embolic stroke of uncertain source(ESUS).Patients with carotid atherosclerosis were further subclassified as having≥50%orkely caused by local plaque rupture,more than half of which are associated with moderate to severe carotid stenosis requiring ***,a significant number of FFTs are caused by non-atherosclerotic mechanisms warranting additional investigations.

关键词： carotid prospective floating

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Future applications of exosomes delivering resolvins and cytokines in facilitating diabetic foot ulcer healing

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第1期14卷 35-47页

作者： Joshua P B Littig rebecca Moellmer Devendra k Agrawal Vikrant Rai Translational Research Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States College of Podiatry Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)increases the risk of many lethal and debilitating *** them,foot ulceration due to neuropathy,vascular disease,or trauma affects the quality of life of millions in the United States and around the *** wound healing is stalled in the inflammatory phase by the chronicity of inflammation without proceeding to the resolution *** advanced treatment,diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)are associated with a risk of ***,there is a need for novel therapies to address chronic inflammation,decreased angiogenesis,and impaired granulation tissue formation contributing to the non-healing of *** have shown promising results with resolvins(Rv)and anti-inflammatory therapies that resolve inflammation and enhance tissue *** many of these studies have encountered difficulty in the delivery of Rv in terms of efficiency,tissue targetability,and *** review summarized the perspective of optimizing the therapeutic application of Rv and cytokines by pairing them with exosomes as a novel strategy for targeted tissue delivery to treat non-healing chronic *** articles discussing the T2DM disease state,current research on Rv for treating inflammation,the role of Rv in enhancing wound healing,and exosomes as a delivery vehicle were critically reviewed to find support for the proposition of using Rv and exosomes in combination for DFUs *** literature reviewed suggests the beneficial role of Rv and exosomes and exosomes loaded with antiinflammatory agents as promising therapeutic agents in ulcer healing.

关键词： Diabetic foot ulcer Chronic inflammation Amputation Exosomes Cytokines Resolvins

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Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： rebecca Poisson Adam G.Yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of Nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

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Retinoprotective compounds,current efficacy,and future prospective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2619-2622页

作者： Rachele Marino rebecca Sappington Marco Feligioni Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini FoundationRomeItaly Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest School of MedicineAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston-SalemNCUSA Department of Ophthalmology Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences Casa di Cura IgeaMilanItaly

Retinal dysfunction is the most common cause of vision loss in several retinal *** has been estimated a great increase in these pathologies that are becoming more globally widespread and numerous over time,also supported by the life expectancy *** different types of retinopathies,we can account some that share causes,symptoms,and treatment including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and retinitis *** changes,environmental factors,and genetic predisposition might be some of the main causes that drive retinal tissue to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in these *** treatments available on the market contain compounds that efficiently ameliorate some of the important clinical features of these pathologies like stabilization of the intraocular pressure,reduction of eye inflammation,control of eye oxidative stress which are considered the major molecular mechanisms related to retinal ***,the most commonly used drugs are antiinflammatories,such as corticosteroids,antioxidant,hypotonic molecules and natural neuroprotective ***,these drugs,which are fundamental to treating disease symptoms,are not capable to cure the pathologies and so they are not life-changing for *** review provided an overview of current treatments on the market,but more interestingly,wants to be a quick window on the new treatments that are now in clinical ***,it has been here highlighted that the recent technical enhancement of the investigation methods to identify the various retinopathies causes might be used as a sort of“precise medicine”approach to tailor the identification of molecular pathways involved and potentially study a dedicated treatment for each *** approach includes the use of cutting-edge technologies like gene therapy and metabolomics.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-inflammatory drugs antioxidants diabetic retinopathy glaucoma neuroprotective compounds retinitis pigmentosa retinopathies vision loss

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Change Point Detection for Process Data Analytics Applied to a Multiphase Flow Facility

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第3期134卷 1737-1759页

作者： rebecca Gedda Larisa Beilina Ruomu Tan Department of Mathematical Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-42196GothenburgSweden and ABB Corporate Research CentreLadenburgGermany Department of Mathematical Sciences Chalmers University of Technology and University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden ABB Corporate Research Center LadenburgGermany

Change point detection becomes increasingly important because it can support data analysis by providing labels to the data in an unsupervised *** the context of process data analytics,change points in the time series of process variables may have an important indication about the process *** example,in a batch process,the change points can correspond to the operations and phases defined by the batch *** identifying change points can assist labelling the time series *** unsupervised algorithms have been developed for change point detection,including the optimisation approachwhich minimises a cost functionwith certain penalties to search for the change *** Bayesian approach is another,which uses Bayesian statistics to calculate the posterior probability of a specific sample being a change *** paper investigates how the two approaches for change point detection can be applied to process data *** addition,a new type of cost function using Tikhonov regularisation is proposed for the optimisation approach to reduce irrelevant change points caused by randomness in the *** novelty lies in using regularisation-based cost functions to handle ill-posed problems of noisy *** results demonstrate that change point detection is useful for process data analytics because change points can produce data segments corresponding to different operating modes or varying conditions,which will be useful for other machine learning tasks.

关键词： Change point detection unsupervisedmachine learning optimisation Bayesian statistics Tikhonov regularisation

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Design methods for antimicrobial peptides with improved performance

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Zoological Research 2023年第6期44卷 1095-1114页

作者： James Mwangi Peter Muiruri kamau rebecca Caroline Thuku Ren Lai key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of SciencesKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesNational Resource Centre for Non-Human PrimatesKunming Primate Research CentreNational Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Sino-African Joint Research CentreNew Cornerstone Science InstituteKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China Centre for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouGuangdong 511458China kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China

The recalcitrance of pathogens to traditional antibiotics has made treating and eradicating bacterial infections more *** this regard,developing new antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic-resistant strains has become a top *** peptides(AMPs),a ubiquitous class of naturally occurring compounds with broadspectrum antipathogenic activity,hold significant promise as an effective solution to the current antimicrobial resistance(AMR)*** AMPs have been identified and evaluated for their therapeutic application,with many already in the drug development *** distinct properties,such as high target specificity,potency,and ability to bypass microbial resistance mechanisms,make AMPs a promising alternative to traditional ***,several challenges,such as high toxicity,lability to proteolytic degradation,low stability,poor pharmacokinetics,and high production costs,continue to hamper their clinical ***,recent research has focused on optimizing the properties of AMPs to improve their *** understanding the physicochemical properties of AMPs that correspond to their activity,such as amphipathicity,hydrophobicity,structural conformation,amino acid distribution,and composition,researchers can design AMPs with desired and improved *** this review,we highlight some of the key strategies used to optimize the performance of AMPs,including rational design and de novo *** also discuss the growing role of predictive computational tools,utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning,in the design and synthesis of highly efficacious lead drug candidates.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial peptides Design methods Peptidomimetics Artificial intelligence

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn Janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath koliyadu Olena kulyk Ruslan kurta Markus kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza Carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas Max Rose Amit k.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen küpper Michael Meyer Filipe R.N.C.Maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UkE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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