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A r.view of State-of-the-ar. Flexible Power.Point Tr.cking Algor.thms in Photovoltaic Systems for.Gr.d Suppor.:Classification and Application

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Jour.al of Moder. Power.Systems and Clean Ener.y 2024年第1期12卷 1-21页

作者： Mina Haghighat Mehdi Nir.omand Hossein Dehghani Tafti christopher D.Townsend Tyr.ne Fer.ando the Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng University of IsfahanIsfahanIran the Depar.ment of Electr.cal Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

To maximize conver.ion efficiency,photovoltaic(PV)systems gener.lly oper.te in the maximum power.point tr.cking(MPPT)***,due to the incr.asing penetr. tion level of PV systems,ther. is a need for.mor. developed contr.l functions in ter.s of fr.quency suppor. ser.ices and voltage contr.l to maintain the r.liability and stability of the power.***,flexible active power.contr.l is a manda tor. task for.gr.d-connected PV systems to meet par. of the gr.d ***,a significant number.of flexible pow er.point tr.cking(FPPT)algor.thms have been intr.duced in the existing *** pur.ose of such algor.thms is to r.al ize a cost-effective method to pr.vide gr.d suppor. functional ities while minimizing the r.liance on ener.y stor.ge *** paper.pr.vides a compr.hensive over.iew of gr.d suppor. functionalities that can be obtained with the FPPT contr.l of PV systems such as fr.quency suppor. and volt-var.*** of these gr.d suppor. functionalities necessitates PV sys tems to oper.te under.one of the thr.e contr.l str.tegies,which can be pr.vided with FPPT *** thr.e contr.l str.te gies ar. classified as:①constant power.gener.tion contr.l(CP GC),②power.r.ser.e contr.l(Pr.),and③power.r.mp r.te contr.l(Pr.C).A detailed discussion on available FPPT algo r.thms for.each contr.l str.tegy is also *** paper.can ser.e as a compr.hensive r.view of the state-of-the-ar. FPPT algor.thms that can equip PV systems with var.ous gr.d suppor. functionalities.

关键词： Maximum power.point tr.cking(MPPT) flexi ble power.point tr.cking(FPPT) power.r.ser.e contr.l(Pr.) power.r.mp r.te contr.l(Pr.C) low voltage r.de-thr.ugh(LVr.) constant power.gener.tion(CPG)

Biophotoelectr.chemistr.:An emer.ing fr.ntier.for.channeling photoelectr.c effect into dar.ness zone of soils and sediments

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Pedospher. 2024年第1期34卷 5-8页

作者： Jie YE Shungui ZHOU Kenneth H.NEALSON christopher r.NSING Fujian Pr.vincial Key Labor.tor. of Soil Envir.nmental Health and r.gulation College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Depar.ment of Ear.h Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90007USA

Solar.ener.y captur.d by photosynthetic plants in the photic zone is r.cognized as the main dr.ver.for.the for.ation of or.anic matter.utilized by soil communities. However. the contr.bution of or.anic tr.nsfor.ation to the linkage of solar.ener.y and micr.bial metabolism of soils is r.duced when the vadose zone is satur.ted. In contr.st to the conventional biophotoelectr.chemistr. via photosynthesis with phytoplankton dur.ng the per.odic satur.tion of soils, r.cent studies suggest that non-phototr.phic micr.or.anisms in soils and sediments ar. able to conduct light-dependent metabolism to sustain their.functionality with photosensitizer. under.illumination. These inter.ctions and pr.cesses utilize long-distance electr.n tr.nsfer.networ.s to inter.onnect diver.e electr.n tr.nsfer.chains that channel photoexcited electr.ns into the opaque zone for.soil communities. Such an emer.ing pr.cess not only allows for.a better.under.tanding of biogeochemical pr.cesses such as soil car.on sequestr.tion and mitigation, but also shows gr.at potential for.envir.nmental tr.atment such as the bior.mediation of contaminated soils. Ther.for., we suggest that biophotoelectr.chemistr. via photoelectr.c effect can have significant, her.tofor. unappr.ciated, theor.tical and pr.ctical values.

关键词： soils soil metabolism

Explor.ng the molecular.landscape of NNK-induced tr.nsfor.ation:A compr.hensive genome-wide Cr.SPr.Cas9 scr.ening

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 42-44页

作者： Tr.ng Dinh Mir. r.hm Zhenghe Wang christopher McFar.and Athar.Khalil Depar.ment of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case WesternReserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA

Lung cancer.is the leading cause of cancer.r.lated deaths wor.dwide,with an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2020 alone.1 While sever.l r.sk factor. ar. associated with lung cancer.smoking r.mains the most significant envir.nmental cause of the disease.1 One of the most potent car.inogens in tobacco smoke is 4-(methylnitr.soamino)-1-(3-pyr.dyl)-1-butanone(NNK),which is pr.duced fr.m nicotine thr.ugh a ser.es of metabolic r.actions.

关键词： Cr.SPr.Cas9 NNK lung

A fr.mewor. for.dynamic modelling of r.ilway tr.ck switches consider.ng the switch blades,actuator. and contr.l systems

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r.ilway Engineer.ng Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Har.ison christopher War. r.ger.Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Ther.ofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Bir.ingham Centr. for.r.ilway r.sear.h and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Networ. r.il Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contr.bution of this paper.is the development and demonstr.tion of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a r.ilway tr.ck switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is impor.ant because,globally,r.ilway tr.ck switches ar. used to allow tr.ins to change r.utes;they ar. a key par. of all r.ilway ***,because tr.ck switches ar. single points of failur. and safety-cr.tical,their.inability to oper.te cor.ectly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** or.er.to better.under.tand the dynamic behaviour.of switches dur.ng oper.tion,this paper.has developed a full simulation twin of a complete tr.ck switch *** appr.ach fuses finite element for.the r.il bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electr.mechanical actuator.system and the contr.l ***,it pr.vides r.sear.her. and engineer. the oppor.unity to explor. and under.tand the design space ar.und the dynamic oper.tion of new switches and switch machines befor. they ar. *** is useful for.looking at the modification or.monitor.ng of existing switches,and it becomes even mor. impor.ant when new switch concepts ar. being consider.d and *** simulation is capable of r.nning in r.al time or.faster.meaning designs can be iter.ted and checked *** paper.descr.bes the modelling appr.ach,demonstr.tes the methodology by developing the system model for.a novel“r.POINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level per.or.ance against the dynamic per.or.ance r.quir.ments for.the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the pr.posed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system per.or.ance r.quir.ments,and that the fault toler.nce built into the actuation ensur.s continued oper.tion after.a single actuator.failur..

关键词： r.ilway tr.ck switch Mathematical modelling r.dundant actuation Finite element analysis

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

A new per.pective on inter.er.ebr.l disc calcification—fr.m bench to bedside

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Bone r.sear.h 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel J.Novais r.jkishen Nar.yanan Jose A.Canseco Koen van de Weter.ng christopher K.Kepler.Alan S.Hilibr.nd Alexander.r.Vaccar. Makar.nd V.r.sbud Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de Saúde do Litor.l Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal r.thman Or.hopedic Institute at Thomas Jeffer.on Univer.ity PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degener.tion pr.mar.ly contr.butes to chr.nic low back and neck ***,ther. is an ur.ent need to under.tand the spectr.m of disc degener.tion phenotypes such as fibr.sis,ectopic calcification,her.iation,or.mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological miner.lization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculatur.,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor.sur.ical outcomes and back pain r.fr.ctor. to conser.ative *** is fr.quently seen as a consequence of disc aging and pr.gr.ssive degener.tion but exhibits unique molecular.and mor.hological char.cter.stics:hyper.r.phic chondr.cyte-like cell differ.ntiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upr.gulation;cell death;alter.d Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have pr.vided a better.under.tanding of the mechanisms under.ying this *** is essential to r.cognize that the pr.sentation and natur. of miner.lization differ.between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and envir.nmental str.ssor.,such as aging or.tr.uma,gover. the pr.disposition to ***,the systemic r.gulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less impor.ant than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differ.ntiation *** ther. is limited under.tanding of this phenotype,under.tanding the molecular.pathways gover.ing local inter.er.ebr.l disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying dr.gs and better.clinical management of degener.tion-r.lated pathologies.

关键词： degener.tion metabolism inter.er.ebr.l

Efficacy of adjuvant mitomycin-C and tr.amcinoloneimpr.gnated nasal packing for.endoscopic dacr.ocystor.inostomy

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 480-484页

作者： Sang Yoon Kim christopher B Chamber. Jung Hyo Ahn Depar.ment of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineResearch Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and TechnologyYangsanGyeongnam 50612Republic of Korea Depar.ment of Ophthalmology Harborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington MedicineSeattleWashington 98109USA

●AIM:To compar. the success r.te and complications of adjuvant use of mitomycin C and tr.amcinoloneimpr.gnated biodegr.dable nasal packing(TABP)in endoscopic dacr.ocystor.inostomy(DCr..And to evaluate the efficacy of combining intr.oper.tive mitomycin C and TABP for.endoscopic DCr.●METHODS:A total of 198 eyes of 148 patients who under.ent endoscopic DCr.for.acquir.d nasolacr.mal duct obstr.ction wer. r.tr.spectively *** patients wer. r.ndomly divided into thr.e gr.ups:Gr.up A included patients tr.ated without intr.oper.tive mitomycin C but with TABP,Gr.up B included patients tr.ated without tr.amcinolone but with intr.oper.tive mitomycin C and nor.al saline-impr.gnated nasal packing,and Gr.up C included patients tr.ated with intr.oper.tive mitomycin C and TABP.●r.SULTS:The r.sults r.vealed no significant differ.nce in the over.ll success r.tes between Gr.ups A(86.8%)and B(89.2%;P=0.377).However.Gr.up C(97.5%)showed a significantly higher.over.ll success r.te than Gr.ups A and *** incidence of gr.nulomas was significantly lower.in gr.up C(5%)than in Gr.ups A(20.8%)and B(15.2%;P=0.009).Other.complications,such as cr.st,synechiae,and r.vision sur.er.,did not differ.significantly among the thr.e gr.ups.●CONCLUSION:The combination of intr.oper.tive mitomycin C and TABP effectively pr.vents gr.nulomas and enhances sur.ical success ***,ther. is no statistically significant differ.nce obser.ed between the use of mitomycin C or.TABP alone.

关键词： dacr.ocystor.inostomy endoscopic mitomycin C tr.amcinolone biodegr.dable

Defining the association between the pr.longed oper.tive time and 90-day complications in patients under.oing r.dical cystectomy

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Asian Jour.al of Ur.logy 2024年第3期11卷 429-436页

作者： Peter.Hanna Joseph Zabell Badr.nath Konety christopher War.ick Depar.ment of Ur.logy University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Depar.ment of Ur.logy Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt Depar.ment of Ur.logy Rush UniversityChicagoILUSA

Objective:r.dical cystectomy is a complex lengthy pr.cedur. associated with postoper.tive *** aimed to assess the oper.tive time(OT)in patients under.oing r.dical cystectomy and its impact on 90-day postoper.tive complications and r.admission ***:The r.tr.spective cohor. study included 296 patients under.oing r.dical cystectomy and ur.nar. diver.ion fr.m May 2010 to December.2018 in our.*** OT of 369 min was set as a cutoff value between shor. and long OT *** pr.mar. outcome was 90-day postoper.tive complication *** outcomes wer. gastr.intestinal r.cover. time,length of hospital stay,and 90-day r.admission ***:The over.ll incidence of 90-day postoper.tive complications was 79.7%wher. 43.2%r.pr.senting low-gr.de complications accor.ing to the ClavieneDindo classification(Gr.de 1 and Gr.de 2),and 36.5%r.pr.senting high-gr.de complications(Gr.de3).Gastr.intestinal tr.ct and infectious complications ar. the most common complications in our.data set(45.9%and 45.6%,r.spectively).On multivar.able analysis,pr.longed OT was significantly associated with odds of high-gr.de complications(odds r.tio 2.340,95%confidence inter.al 1.288e4.250,p=0.005).After.pr.pensity scor.-matched analysis,a higher.incidence of major.complications was identified in the long OT gr.up 55(51.4%)compar.d to 35(32.7%)in the shor. OT gr.up(p=0.006).A shor.er.gastr.intestinal tr.ct r.cover. time was noticed in the shor. OT gr.up(p=0.009).Pr.longed OT was associated with a higher.90-day r.admission r.te on univar.ate and multivar.ate analyses(pr.spectively).

关键词： r.dicalcystectomy Oper.tivetime Complication r.admission

Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay