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The Strengths and Weaknesses of Conceptual Metaphor Theory： A View from Cognitive Science

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外国语 2008年第2期31卷 2-12页

作者： raymond W. gibbs, Jr. Department of Psychology University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

A major revolution in the study of metaphor occurred over 25 year ago with the introduction of "conceptual metaphor theory." Unlike previous theories of metaphor and metaphorical meaning,conceptual metaphor theory,or CMT,proposed that metaphor is not just an aspect of language,but also a fundamental part of human ***,most metaphorical language arises from pre-existing patterns of metaphorical thought or conceptual *** paper provides a brief overview of the linguistic and psychological evidence supporting CMT and describes some of the criticisms of CMT offered by various scholars within cognitive *** of CMT must address these weaknesses in the theory,while critics must acknowledge the strengths of CMT as metaphor scholars from all academic fields work toward a comprehensive theory of metaphoric language and thought.

关键词：隐喻思想认知概念性

Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed,yellow maize and quality protein maize flours

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 229-240页

作者： Ade raymond Adesanmi Sunday Abiodun Malomo Tayo Nathaniel Fagbemi Ekiti State Primary Health Care Development Agency Ado EkitiNigeria Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond *** research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds(Prunus amygdalus),high quality protein(QPM)and yellow maize after blending into *** proximate and amino acid compositions,in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard *** in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac(control),followed by hematological and histopathological determinations,while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained *** protein contents of the flour blends(24–28%)were significantly(pgerminated QPM(DgQPM)has significant(pgher biological value(~37%)than fermented high QPM(FHQPM)(~30%),thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the ***,the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DgQPM has low white blood cells(30×10^(2))compared to FHQPM(42×10^(2))and cerelac(51×10^(2)).However,the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM(49%)when compared to DgQPM and cerelac(47%).The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content(45.19–51.88 mg N/g)and weight(0.25–1.36 g)of the internal organs(liver,kidney and tissue)of the animals when compared to cerelac(53.72–55.04 mg N/g;0.25–1.98 g),*** panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets,hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized alm

关键词： Quality protein Yellow maize Almond seed Nutrient composition Complementary

Inhibition of Mahkota Dewa(Phaleria macrocarpa) bioactive fraction on proliferation of human retinoblastoma tumor cells Y-79 through suppression of mRNA level of cyclin E

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 280-287页

作者： Nugroho Trilaksana Ignatius Riwanto raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata Reki Winarto Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro University Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro University Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Phytochemistry Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular SciencesDexa Medica Group

Objective: To prove the molecular mechanisms of Mahkota Dewa(Phaleria macrocarpa) in suppressing proliferation of human retinoblastoma cells through suppression of cell cycle's gene-regulators ***: In this study, the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor effect of fractioned extract of Phaleria macrocarpa(DLBS1425) in human retinoblastoma cells Y-79 was investigated by measuring the tumor cells viability, the assessment of population profiles of tumor cells in the cell cycle, and the mRNA concentration of p16, p21, p53, cyclin D,cyclin E, and E2 ***: DLBS1425 showed an inhibition effects towards proliferation of Y-79 cell *** of proliferation was shown by suppression of cell cycle ***1425 downregulated cyclin E, a g1 phase regulator gene of cell cycle, in dosedependent manner without affecting p53–p21 *** the other word, DLBS1425 inhibits cell proliferation through suppression of cyclin E independently towards conventional proliferation ***: Our results suggest that DLBS1425 is a potential anticancer agent which targets genes involved in cell proliferation in human retinoblastoma cells which make it pharmacologically ideal for the prevention and/or treatment of retinoblastoma cancer.

关键词： Phaleria macrocarpa Mahkota Dewa DLBS1425 Retinoblastoma Cyclin E Cell cycle

Morphology through ontogeny of Chinese Proboscidipparion and Plesiohipparion and observations on their Eurasian and African relatives

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古脊椎动物学报 2015年第1期53卷 73-92页

作者： raymond L. BERNOR SUN Bo-Yang College of Medicine Department of Anatomy Howard University Washington D.C. 20059 USA Tianjin Museum of Natural History Tianjin 300201 China

分析了来自贺风近三趾马(Plesiohipparion houfenense)、原始长鼻三趾马(Proboscidipparion pater)和中国长鼻三趾马(Proboscidipparion sinense)三个种的共计18颗经过切片处理的颊齿,总结了颊齿在个体发育过程中的形态变化,并揭示出这... 详细信息

分析了来自贺风近三趾马(Plesiohipparion houfenense)、原始长鼻三趾马(Proboscidipparion pater)和中国长鼻三趾马(Proboscidipparion sinense)三个种的共计18颗经过切片处理的颊齿,总结了颊齿在个体发育过程中的形态变化,并揭示出这些中国类群与其他欧亚大陆以及非洲的三趾马门类之间可能存在近裔共征。在形态特征上,***的上下颊齿很可能与西班牙的***,土耳其的Plesiohipparion ***以及非洲的Eurygnathohippus类群有共同特征。另一方面,这些欧亚大陆和非洲类群事实上很可能起源于西瓦利克的Sivalhippus类群。Proboscidipparion属中的两个种,***和***之间有着明显的亲缘关系,并且可能与土耳其的'Proboscidipparion'heintzi也有亲缘关系。另外,以前的学者曾提出Proboscidipparion与Sivalhippus支系存在亲缘关系,本文对***和***上、下颊齿的分析支持了这一观点。

关键词：动物学古脊椎动物学研究发展

Effects of Fe(II) on anammox community activity and physiologic response

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 113-123页

作者： Jing Ding Wanyi Seow Jizhong Zhou raymond Jianxiong Zeng Jun gu Yan Zhou Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research InstituteNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637141Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Centre of Wastewater Resource Recovery College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Institute for Environmental genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Though there are many literatures studying the effects of iron on anammox process,these studies only focus on the reactor performance and/or the microbial community changes,the detailed effects and mechanisms of Fe(II)on anammox bacterial activity and physiology have not been *** this study,four Fe(II)concentrations(0.03,0.09,0.12 and 0.75 mmol/L)were employed into the enriched anammox *** enhancement and inhibition effects of Fe(II)on anammox process and bacterial physiology were *** was discovered that the anammox process and bacterial growth were enhanced by 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II),in which the 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II)had advantage in stimulating the total anammox activity and bacterial abundance,while 0.09 mmol/L Fe(II)enhanced the relative anammox activity *** anammox activity could be inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II)immediately,while the inhibition was *** 0.09 and 0.12 mmol/L Fe(II)induced more genes being expressed,while didn’t show a stimulation on the relative expression level of functional *** anammox bacteria showed a stress response to detoxify the Fe inhibition once inhibited by 0.75 mmol/L Fe(II).This study provides more information about physiologic response of anammox bacteria to external influence(enhancement and inhibition),and may also instruct the future application of anammox process in treating various sources of wastewater(containing external disturbances such as heavy metals)and/or different treatment strategies(*** side-stream to main-stream).

关键词： Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Ferrous iron geoChip

geochemistry of eclogites of the Tso Morari complex, Ladakh, NW Himalayas:Insights into trace element behavior during subduction and exhumation

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geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 811-826页

作者： Mallika K.Jonnalagadda Nitin R.Karmalkar raymond A.Duraiswami Department of geology Savitribai Phule Pune University

Whole rock major and trace element compositions of seven eclogites from the Tso Morari ultra-high pressure(UHP) complex, Ladakh were determined with the aim of constraining the protolith origins of the subducted crust. The eclogites have major element compositions corresponding to sub-alkaline basalts. Trace element characteristics of the samples show enrichment in LILE's over HFSEs(Rb, Th, K except Ba) with LREE enrichments((La/Lu)n = 1.28-5.96). Absence of Eu anomaly on the Primitive Mantle normalized diagram suggests the absence of plagioclase fractionation. Positive correlation between Mg# with Ni and Cr suggests olivine fractionation of mantle melts. Narrow range of(La/Yb)n(2.1-9.4) and Ce/Yb(6.2-16.2) along with Ti/Y(435-735) ratios calculated for the Tso Morari samples is consistent with generation of melts by partial melting of a garnet free mantle source within the spinel peridotite field. Ternary diagrams(viz. Ti-Zr-Y and Nb-Zr-Y) using immobile and incompatible elements show that the samples range from depleted to enriched and span from within plate basalts(WPB)to enriched MORB(E-MORB) indicating that the eclogite protoliths originated from basaltic *** Mantle normalized multi element plots showing significant Th and LREE enrichment marked by negative Nb anomalies are characteristic of continental flood basalts. Positive Pb, negative Nb, high Th/Ta, a narrow range of Nb/La and the observed wide variation for Ti/Y indicate that the Tso Morari samples have undergone some level of crustal contamination. Observed geochemical characteristics of the Tso Morari samples indicate tholeiitic compositions originated from enriched MORB(E-MORB) type magmas which underwent a limited magmatic evolution through the process of fractional crystallization and probably more by crustal contamination. Observed geochemical similarities(viz. Zr, Nb, La/Yb, La/gd,La/Nb, Th/Ta ratios and REE) between Tso Morari eclogites and the group I Panjal Traps make the trap basa

关键词： Trace elements UHP metamorphism Protolith Eclogites Tso Morari Ladakh

Effect of growing media and their constituents on fungus gnat, Bradysia sp, nr, coprophila （Lintner） adults

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 467-475页

作者： raymond A. CLOYD AMY DICKINSON RICHARD A. LARSON KAREN A. MARLEY Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas Division of Biodiversity and Ecological Entomology Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign Illinois University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Urbana Illinois USA

This study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of two growing media, commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila adults. The constituents of the most attractive growing medium tested were determined by gas chromatography analysis using a steam-distillation procedure. We found that fungus gnat adults were more attracted to the growing medium, SB300 Universal Professional growing Mix, which contains composted bark, than to another growing medium （Sunshine LC1 Mix） and their components when tested in a series of laboratory experiments using multiple-choice experimental arenas. A higher percentage of fungus gnat adults were attracted to moist SB300 （92%） than SB300 growing medium that had been oven dried （8%）. In addition, fungus gnat adults preferred SB300 although they had been reared on Sunshine LC1 Mix. When comparing the SB300 fresh from the bag to growing medium that had been pasteurized and moistened with water, gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic data showed there were declines in several terpenoid constituents as well as an increase in fatty acids and cyclosulfur. The results of this study indicate that B. sp. nr. coprophila adults prefer certain growing media, which may assist greenhouse producers in managing fungus gnats in crop production systems.

关键词： Attraction fungus gnats growing medium pest management preference,steam distillation

Investigation of Android Malware Using Deep Learning Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 2413-2429页

作者： V.Joseph raymond R.Jeberson Retna Raj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119TamilnaduIndia School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203TamilnaduIndia

In recent days the usage of android smartphones has increased exten-sively by *** are several applications in different categories bank-ing/ﬁnance,social engineering,education,sports andﬁtness,and many more *** android stack is more vulnerable compared to other mobile plat-forms like IOS,Windows,or Blackberry because of the open-source *** the Existing system,malware is written using vulnerable system calls to bypass signature detection important drawback is might not work with zero-day exploits and stealth *** attackers target the victim with various attacks like adware,backdoor,spyware,ransomware,and zero-day exploits and create threat hunts on the day-to-day *** the existing approach,there are various tradi-tional machine learning classiﬁers for building a decision support system with limitations such as low detection rate and less feature *** important contents taken for building model from android applications like Intent Filter,Per-mission Signature,API Calls,and System commands are taken from the manifestﬁ*** function parameters of various machine and deep learning classiﬁers like Nave Bayes,k-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Ada Boost,and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)are done for effective *** our pro-posed work,we have used an unsupervised learning multilayer perceptron with multiple target labels and built a model with a better accuracy rate compared to logistic regression,and rank the best features for detection of applications and clas-sify as malicious or benign can be used as threat model by online antivirus scanners.

关键词： Android application permissions multilayer perception relief scoring

A Specific Class of Short Treadmilling Microtubules Enhances Cortical Microtubule Alignment

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Molecular Plant 2016年第8期9卷 1214-1216页

作者： guillaume Chomicki raymond Wightman Simon R. Turner Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK

Dear Editor Anisotropic cell expansion is a property of plant cells that is dependent upon the formation of a highly ordered cortical micro- tubule （MT） array. The orientation of cortical microtubules is crit- ical for guiding cellulose synthase complexes in the plasma mem- brane and thereby determining the direction of the cell expansion （Paredez et al., 2006）.

关键词： dependent thereby direction